just 
just 2 , joust 1 (just or jost), r. i. [Early mod. E. 
also giust (after It.); < ME.jxtc, jutttien, < OF. 
jitntcr,joster,joiister, bring together, come toge- 
ther, touch, strike with a lance, tilt, just, F.jou- 
tcr, tilt, just, contend, = Pr.jostar,justar = Sp. 
Pg. justar = It. giostrare (for "giostare), tilt, < 
'M.Li.jitxtare, approach, come together, tilt, just, 
< Li. juxta (> OF. juste, jostc, jouste), close to, 
hard by, prob. orig. "jugista, abl. fern, superl. 
oljugis, continual, < jungcre (\f "jug), join : see 
join. Cf. adjust.] To engage in a tournament 
or just; tilt. 
Then seyde Befyse to Tarry, 
Wyll we to-morowe justy. 
MS. Cantab. Ff. ii. 38, t. 121. (HalKwell.) 
There are princes and knights come from all parts of the 
world to just and tourney for her love. 
Shak., Pericles, ii. 1, 110. 
just 2 , joust 1 (justor jost), . [Early mod. E. also 
ijiust (after It.); < ME. juste, < OF. joste, jouste 
(F.joute), tdsojostee = It. giostra (for *giosta), 
a just ; from the verb.] A military contest or 
spectacle in which two adversaries attacked 
each other with blunted lances, rarely with 
sharp weapons as in war; a knightly tilt. The 
just was sometimes held at the barrier; that is, the 
charging knights were separated by a solid structure of 
wood, which each kept on his left hand, the lance being 
held diagonally across the neck of the horse. The shield 
was hung from the neck, leaving the left hand free to 
manage the horse and the right to direct the lance. The 
shock of the lance was sometimes received on the helmet, 
and on this account the tilting -helmet had commonly the 
openings for air on the right side. From the beginning 
of the fourteenth century the armor for the just differed 
from the armor for war, and became more and more heavy 
and unwieldy, the tilter being almost immovable in his 
saddle, in which he was secured by high pommel and can- 
tie, and often by a garde-cuisse completely covering the 
left thigh and leg. The sport was usually declared to be 
in honor of one or more ladies who presided as judges and 
awarded the prizes. 
Lyft up thy selfe out of the lowly dust, 
And sing of bloody Mars, of wars, of giusts. 
Spenser, Shep. Cal., October. 
Some one might show it at & joust of arms, 
Saying, "King Arthur's sword, Excalibur." 
Tennyson, Morte d' Arthur. 
just s t, joust 2 t (justor j6st),)i. [<OF.juste,juiste, 
juyste, guiste, a sort of pot or pitcher of tin, sil- 
ver, or gold, with handles and a lid.] A pot or 
jug, made of earthenware or metal, with large 
body and straight neck, for holding liquids, 
justacorpst, n. See juste-au-corps. 
just-borne (just'born), a. Justly borne ; borne 
in a just cause. 
By this hand I swear, . . . 
Before we will lay down these just-borne arms, 
We'll put thee down, 'gainst whom these arms we bear. 
Shak., K. John, ii. 2, 345. 
juste-au-corps (zhust'6-kor'), n. [F., < juste, 
close, + au, to the (< a, to, + le, the), + corps, 
body. In E. (Sc. ) justacorps, corrupted tojus- 
ticoat,jesticoat, etc.] 1. A close body-coat with 
long skirts, worn at the close of the seventeenth 
century and early in the eighteenth by men of 
different classes, as by noblemen on journeys or 
when hunting, and by the coachmen in Paris. 
2. An outer garment worn by women about 
1650, resembling the hungerlin, which it suc- 
ceeded. 
Give her out the flower'd Justacorps, with the Petticoat 
belonging to it. Dryden, Limberham, iv. 1. 
justementt, . An obsolete aphetic form of 
agistment. 
juste milieu (zhiist me-lye'). [F.: juste, just; 
milieu, the medium.] The true mean; a just 
medium or balance between extremes ; specifi- 
cally, judicious moderation, as between ex- 
tremes of opinion or conduct : denned as a po- 
litical term by Montesquieu, but first brought 
into common use by Louis Philippe in 1831 in 
characterizing his own system of government. 
For me, the juste milieu I seek ; 
I fain would leave alone 
The girl who rudely slaps my cheek, 
Or volunteers her own. 
J. Q. Saxe, tr. of Martial's Epigrams. 
JUSter, jOUSter (jus'ter or jos'ter), n. 1. One 
who justs or takes part in a just. 2. A horse 
for tilting. HalKwell. 
justice (jus'tis), n. [< ME. justice, < OF. jus- 
tice, jostice, joustice, F. justice = Pr. Sp. justicia 
= Pg. justifa = It. giustizia, < L. justitia, jus- 
tice, < Justus, just: see jusfl.~\ 1. Justness; 
the quality of being just; just conduct. ^Prac- 
tical conformity to the laws and principles of right deal- 
ing ; the rendering to every one of that which is his due ; 
honesty ; rectitude ; uprightness ; also, the ethical idea 
of just conduct, either of individuals or of communities ; 
the moral principle which determines such conduct. 
This was the trouthe that the kynge leodogan was a no- 
ble knyght, and kepte well Tustice and right. 
Merlin (E. E. T. 8.), iii. 480. 
3258 
Justice is the end of government. It is the end of civil 
society. It ever has been, and ever will be pursued, until 
it be obtained, or until liberty be lost in the pursuit. 
A. Hamilton, Federalist, No. 51. 
(b) Conformity to truth ; right representation and sound 
conclusion; impartiality; fairness; trustworthiness. 
When we approached Sicily, ... I had a view of the 
cities and places on the shear, I could not but observe 
the justice and poetical beauties of the descriptions of the 
great master of the Latin Epic poetry. 
Pococke, Description of the East, II. ii. 184. 
(c) Agreeableness to right; rightfulness; moral sound- 
ness : as, he proved the justice of his claim. 
Ye sons of Mars ! partake your leader's care, 
Heroes of Greece, and brothers of the war ! 
Of partial Jove with justice I complain, 
And heav'nly oracles believ'd in vain. 
Pope, Iliad, ii. 141. 
2. Vindication of right; requital of desert; 
the assignment of merited reward or punish- 
ment ; specifically, execution or vindication of 
law. 
Earthly power doth then show likest God's 
When mercy seasons justice. 
Shak., M. of V., iv. 1, 197. 
This reasonable moderator, and equal piece of justice, 
Death. Sir T. Browne, Keligio Medici, i. 38. 
3. Eights of jurisdiction. 4f. Jurisdiction ; 
authority. 
The xix kynges . . . comaunded alle hem that were 
vnther theire Justice, that eche man sholde euer be redy 
and make goode wacche. Merlin (E. E. T. 8.), iii. 576. 
5f. Precision; justness; exactness. 
O lady, 
Much less in blood than virtue, yet a princess 
To equal any single crown o' the earth 
I' the justice of compare ! Shak., Pericles, iv. 3, 9. 
6. A person commissioned to hold court for 
the purpose of hearing complaints, trying and 
deciding cases, and administering justice; a 
judge or magistrate : generally in specific uses : 
as, a justice of the peace ; the justices of the Su- 
preme Court. 
Thurgh sentence of this justice Apius. 
Chaucer, Doctor's Tale, 1. 204. 
Bed of Justice. See fctfi. Bureau of Military Jus- 
tice. See bureau. Chief Justice, the highest in rank 
of the judges of a court ; particularly, the presiding judge 
in the King's (or Queen's) Bench and Common Pleas divi- 
sions of the English High Court of Justice, in the United 
States Supreme Court, and in the supreme courts of the 
States. Often abbreviated C. J. College Of Justice. See 
college. Department of Justice. See department. 
Fugitive fromjustice. See fugitive. Gate of Justice. 
See gatei. Jeddart or Jedwood Justice, executing a 
prisoner and trying him afterward : an expression refer- 
ring to Jedburgh, a Scotch border town, where many of 
the border raiders are said to have been hanged without 
the formality of a trial. [Scotch.] 
We will have Jedwood justice hang in haste, and try at 
leisure. Scott, Fair Maid of Perth, xxxii. 
Justice Of the peace, an inferior or local judge chosen 
in each county or town or other district, to preserve the 
peace, to try minor causes, and to discharge other func- 
tions, aa the legalizing of papers for record. Abbreviated 
J. P. 
Thou hast appointed justices of peace, to call poor men 
before them about matters they were not able to answer. 
Shak., 2 Hen. VI., IT. 7, 45. 
Justice of the quorum, a distinction conferred upon 
some, and sometimes on all, the justices of the peace of a 
county in England, by directing, in the commission au- 
thorizing the holding of quarter sessions, that among those 
holding the court must be two or more of several specially 
named. Justices In eyre. See eyrei-. Justices' Jus- 
tice, the kind of justice administered by the unpaid magis- 
tracy : in satirical reference to the disproportionate sen- 
tences and extraordinary decisions of some of these offi- 
cials. [Eng.] Justice's warrant. See warrant. Lord 
Chief Justice, the title given in England to the chief judge 
of the Court of King's (Queen's) Bench ; in full, the Lord 
Chief Justice of England. The title of Lord Chief Justice 
of the Court of Common Pleas lapsed with the abolition of 
that court. Lord Justice Clerk, the Scottish judge who 
ranks next to the Lord Justice General. He presides over 
the Outer House or Second Division of the Court of Ses- 
sion, and is vice-president of the High Court of Justiciary. 
Lord Justice General, the highest judge in Scotland, 
also called the Lord President of the Court of Session. 
Lords Justices, personsformerly appointed by the English 
sovereign to act for a time as his substitute in the supreme 
government either of the whole kingdom or of some part 
of it. TO do Justice to, to appreciate ; treat in a manner 
showing appreciation of : as, he never did justice to his son's 
ability. Trial justice, a justice assigned to hold court 
forthe trial of causes, usually beforea jury. [U. S.] = 8yn. 1. 
Right, Justice, Equity, Law ; Justness, Justice. Right is the 
standard word for what ought to be. Justice and equity are 
essentially the same, expressing the working out of the 
principles of right under lau 1 , but law is often contrary to 
justice or equity : hence the occasional remark, "That may 
be law, but it is not justice." Law in such a case means 
the interpretation of written law by the courts. A court of 
equity deals with and corrects the injustice of the working 
of the law. Equity more expressively represents the idea 
of fairness, &nA justice that of sacred rights. (See jwsti and 
honesty.) JtutMM has a field of meaning peculiar to itself, 
by which we speak of the justness of observations, criti- 
cisms, etc. that is, their conformity to admitted princi- 
ples. As to conformity to right, we use justice for the ab- 
stract quality, justice of the person, and justness of the 
thing. We speak of the justness of a cause, a claim, a plea, 
etc. 
justiciary 
justicet (jus'tis), v. t. [< justice, n.] To admin- 
ister justice to ; deal with judicially; judge. 
Hit watz sen in that sythe that jedethyas [Jedediah] 
rengned, 
In luda, that iustised the luyne kynges. 
Alliterative Poems (ed. Morris), ii. 1170. 
The next inheritor to the crown . . . had no sooner his 
mistress in captivity but he had usurped her place, . . . 
but, which is worse, had sent to Artaxia, persuading the 
justicing her, because that unjustice might give his title 
the name of justice. Sir P. Sidney, Arcadia, ii. 
justiceablet (jus'tis-a-bl), . [< OF. justiceable, 
justicablc, justiciable, < justice, law: see justice 
and -able. Cf . justiciable.] Amenable to law ; 
subject to judicial trial : as, & justiceable offend- 
er. Sir J. ffayward. 
justice-broker (jus'tis-bro"ker), n. A magis- 
trate who sells his judicial decisions. 
The devil take all justice-brokers. 
Dryden, Amphitryon, iv. 1. 
justicehood ( jus'tis-hud), . [< justice + -hood.] 
The office or dignity of a justice ; justiceship. 
[Rare.] 
Should but the king his justicehood employ 
In setting forth of such a solemn toy. 
/;. Jonson, Expostulation with Inigo Jones. 
justicementt (jus'tis-ment), n. [< justice + 
-ment.] Administration of justice ; procedure 
in courts. E. Phillips, 1706. 
justicert (jus'tis-er), n. [< ME. justicer, < OF. 
justicier, also justiceor, < ML. justitiarius, one 
who administers justice, < L. justitia, justice : 
see justiciary.] An administrator of justice ; a 
justice or judge. 
Vnto the which lusticers ... we glue and graunt es- 
peciall power and authoritie to sitte and assist in court. 
Hakluyt's Voyages, I. 209. 
justiceship (jus'tis-ship), n. [< justice + -ship.] 
The office or dignity of a justice. Holland, tr. 
of Ammianus, p. 51. 
Justicia (jus-tish'i-a), n. [NL. (Linnseus), 
named after J. Justice, a noted Scotch horti- 
culturist and botanist. The surname Justice is 
derived from justice, a judge: see justice.] A 
genus of plants of the natural order Acantha- 
cece, the type of the tribe Justiciea;. Ite corolla- 
tube is enlarged above and mostly shorter than the bila- 
biate limb; the upper lip is interior in estivation, con- 
cave, and entire or slightly 2-lobed, the lower spreading 
and 3-cleft. The stamens are two, affixed in the throat. 
The two anther-cells are separated, the lower with a small 
white spur ; there are two ovules in a cell. These plants 
are herbs or rarely shrubs, with the leaves entire, and the 
flowers middle-sized or small, colored white, violet, pink, 
or red, and variously disposed. There are about 110 spe- 
cies, belonging to the warmer parts of the globe, many 
being handsome in cultivation. J. Adhatoda, called Mala- 
bar nut, is reputed to have the properties of an anti-spas- 
modic and febrifuge. 
justiciable (jus-tish'i-a-bl), a. [< OF. justici- 
able, F. justiciable, pertaining to justice or law, 
also just : see justiceable.] Proper to be brought 
before a court of justice, or to be judicially dis- 
posed of. 
A person is said to be justiciable in a country when lia- 
ble to be tried therein, or to be brought under the oper- 
ation of its laws; a thing, when the rights and incidents 
of its ownership may be settled by the courts of that coun- 
try. J. N. Pomeroy. 
justiciar (jus-tish'i-ar), n. [Also justitiar; < 
ML. justitiarius, justicer: see justicer, justici- 
ary.] Same as justiciary, 2. 
justiciarship (jus-tish'i-ar-ship), n. [< justiciar 
+ -ship.] The office of justiciar. 
The unpopularity of Longchamp enabled John, aided 
by the archbishop of Rouen, to lead a revolutionary move- 
ment by which Longchamp was deprived of the justiciar- 
ship, and John recognized as sumnuis rector of the king- 
dom. Encyc. Brit., XIII. 713. 
justiciary (jus-tish'i-a-ri), a. and n. [< ML. 
justiciarius, one who administers justice, < L. 
justitia, justice : see justice. Cf. justicer, jus- 
ticiar, uit. < Mil. justiciarius.] I. a. Pertaining 
to the law ; legal ; relating to the administration 
of justice. 
He was brought into the justiciary court, upon an in- 
dictment for the crime to which it was expected he should 
plead guilty. Strype, Memorials, K. Charles, an. 1678. 
Justiciary power, the power of judging in matters of 
life and death. Jamieson. [Scotch.] 
II. .; pi. justiciaries (-riz). 1. An adminis- 
trator of justice; a justice or judge. Burke. 
[Rare.] 2. In early Eng. hist., the chief ad- 
ministrator of both government and justice. 
The justiciary or chief justiciary was the king's deputy 
from the time of William the Conqueror to that of Henry 
III., presiding in the king's court and the exchequer, su- 
pervising all departments of government, and acting as 
regent in the king's absence. His functions were after- 
ward divided between the lord chancellor, the chief jus- 
tices, the lord high treasurer, etc. Also justiciar. 
His [Stephen's] brother had been made Bishop of Win- 
chester, and by adding to it the place of his chief justici- 
