kangaroo 
knocked down with dulis, m driven Into ambush and shot 
like deer. There are many species, 1 of the genus Mu 
cropux, of Petrtxjale, ana ,'i of the genus Uiuirhinjalea, 
in which the tall ends In a kind of nail. They inhabit 
nut only Australia and Tasmania, tint New Oulnea, New 
In -land, tin- Aril 1 si. on Is, and other Islands. A large liuili- 
Glant Kangaroo (MatrofHS major). 
her of smaller species with naked muzzle, called brush 
kangaroo*, pademelons, whattabeex, etc. , constitute the sub- 
genus Ualmaturux. The rock-kangaroos form the genus 
r<'tm<fale. Uarc-kangaroos or kangaroo-hares belong to 
the genus Layorchentes. (See cut under hare-kangaroo.} 
A peculiar type of kangaroo, Inhabiting New Guinea and 
Misol, Is the genus Dorcopna. (See cut under Dorcopsi*.) 
Kangaroo-nits, potoroos, or bettongs are small animals 
constituting the subfamily llypsiprymnina. 
This animal is called by the natives kanyuroo. 
Cook' i Voyaijes, quoted in N. and Q., 6th ser., VI. 58. 
She might have said that It was not convenient to come 
in and find a tame ka.nija.rao as big as a small donkey, 
lying on his side on the hearth-rug. 
11. Kingslty, Ilillyars and Burtons, \ \i. 
2f. A kind of chair. Darirx. 
It was neither a lounger, nor a dormeiise, nor a Cooper, 
nor a Nelson, nor a kangaroo: a chair without a name 
would never do; in all things fashionable the name Is 
more than half. Much a happy name as kangaroo Lady 
Cecilia despaired of finding. 
Miss Kdgeworth, Helen (1834 ?), xvL 
kangaroo-apple (kaiig-ga-r6"ap*l), . 1. The 
yellow, egg-shaped berry of Solanum avicufare 
(S. tociniatum), which is edible when fully ripe. 
It is a native of Australia and New Zealand. 
2. The plant which yields this fruit, it is an 
herb with shrubby stems 6 or 8 feet high, long and nar- 
row or plnnatind leaves, and cymes in tne axils or on the 
branches. 
kangaroo-bear (kang-ga-r6'bar), n. The native 
Australian bear, Pluiscolarctos cinereus. See 
koala. 
kangaroo-beetle(kang-ga-ro'be*tl), n. Abeetle 
of the genus Sagra, having enlarged hind legs. 
kangaroo-dog (kang-ga-ro'dog or -d6g), n. 
Same as kiitujaroo-hounil. 
kangaroo-foot plant (kang-ga-ro'fut plant). 
An Australian plant, Anigozanthos ifangiesii, of 
the natural order Haimorforaeete. The perianth, 3 
inches long, is 0-cleft and split nearly to the base on the 
under side. As in the other members of the genus, the 
exterior of the perianth, as also the inflorescence, and to 
some extent the stem, is clothed with plumose wool, which 
in this plant is very dense and bright-green, except at thu 
base of the flower, where it is crimson. 
kangaroo-grape (kang-ga-ro'grap), . Same 
as kiiiii/itroo-riite. 
kangaroo-grass (kaiig-ga-rS'gras), n. The 
Australasian grass Aiitliintiria ciliata (A. Aus- 
tralis), also diffused through southern Asia and 
the whole of Africa! It is a leafy-stemmed grass, 2 or 
3 feet high, with long, bent awns; it is highly esteemed 
for the nutritious fodder it yields. 
kangaroo-hare (kaug-ga-ro'har), n. Same as 
liiirr-kaHi/nroo. 
kangaroo-hound ( kang -ga-rS' hound ) ; . A 
kind of deer-hound or greyhound used in hunt- 
ing kangaroos in Australia. Also kangaroo-dog. 
kangaroo-mouse (kang-ga-ro'mous), n. An 
American rodent mammal of the family Sacco- 
miliihe and genus PerognalliiiK: a pocket-mouse. 
The kangaroo-mice are closely related to the species of 
rHpodnmi/8 (see kangaroo rat, '2), but are smaller. They 
inhabit the same parts of the Cnited States. 
kangaroo-rat (kaug-gti-ro'rat), it. I. An Aus- 
tralian marsupial of the family IfaeropodieUf. 
subfamily Potoroina: or HjfpMpryMfUM, ami 
geuus Potorous (or HyptiprymiMU), 3Spii>ryin- 
t (Ptttarvus tridactylus). 
MM 
nits, or liettongia ; a bettong; a potoroo. 2. 
An American rodent i>l' the tumi\y titicromyulu- 
and subfamily Dijiodomyinir, as l>i)>i><l/niii/x jilt il. 
li/mi or l>. iirili. They resemble jerboas rather than 
kangaroos, and are common in the southwestern parts of 
the I'nited States and Mexico. See JhjHuttnnys. 
kangaroo-thorn(kang-ga-riVtlioni), . A spiny 
shrub. Aetieia itrmata, of extratropical Austra- 
lia. It is grown there for hedges, and is valu- 
able for fixing coast-sands. 
kangaroo- Vine (kang-ga-r8'vin), H. An Aus- 
tralian climbing plant, Cissim Baudiniana (C. 
Antarctica). Also kangaroo-grajie. 
kangy, o. Another spelling of <</'/. 
kankar (knug'kiir), . [Hind, kankar, lime- 
stone, stone, gravel, any small fragments of 
rock, whether rounded or not.] In India, an 
impure concretionary carbonate of lime, usu- 
ally occurring in nodules, in alluvial deposits, 
and especially in the older of these formations. 
It is an important rock in India, especially in the valley 
of the Lower Ganges, where it is much used as a build- 
ing-stone in the absence of anything better. Also written 
Irunkur. 
The commonest and also the most useful stone of India 
is kankar, a nodular form of impure linn-, which is found 
in almost every river valley, and fa used from one end of 
the peninsula to the other for metalling the roads. 
W. W. Hunter, Indian Empire, p. 493. 
kankert. . A Middle English spelling of canker. 
kankerdortt, n. A variant of canker-dort. 
kanna (kan'S), n. [Sw., = E. can2.] The prin- 
cipal Swedish unit of capacity, equal to 100 
cubic inches, Swedish measure, or 2.615 liters 
= 2.764 United States quarts = 2.302 imperial 
quarts. The Swedish system was to be abol- 
ished in 1889. 
kans (kauz), u. [E. Ind.] A grass, Saccharum 
sponttiNeum, allied to the sugar-cane, very com- 
mon in India. It grows from 3 to 15 feet high, and Is 
rendered very showy by the large amount of silvery-white 
wool which surrounds the base of the flowers. It may be 
used for fodder, thatching, twine, etc., but is proving a 
noxious weed, extremely difficult to eradicate. 
Kansas-Nebraska Bill. See iii/i*. 
kantt, o. An obsolete form of cant 6 . 
kantelt, . An obsolete form of cantle. 
kantelet, n. [Finn.] A five-stringed harp or 
dulcimer used by the Finns. Also kandele. 
kanten (kan'ten), n. [Jap.] A kind of geloso 
or gelatin, sometimes called Japanese isinglass, 
prepared in Japan from several species of sea- 
weed, particularly from the cartilaginous Flori- 
deie, and used for soups, as well as in the trades, 
as, for example, in dressing woven goods. It 
is usually sold in irregular prismatic sticks, re- 
sembling glue. 
kantharos (kan'tha-ros), . [< Gr. navdapoc. : 
see cantharus.] Same as cantharus, 1. 
Kantian (kan'ti-an), . and n. [< Kant (see 
def.) + -ian.~\ "I. a. Of or belonging tolm- 
manuel Kant, the great German philosopher 
(1724-1804), or to his system of philosophy. 
The ultimate decision ... as to the truth of the Kan- 
i if a Criticism of Pure Reason must turn upon the opposi- 
tion of perception and conception, as factors which recip- 
rocally imply, and yet exclude each other. 
E. Caird, Philos. of Kant, p. 666. 
II. . A follower of Kant ; a Kantist. 
Kantianism (kan'ti-an-izm), M. [< G. Eanti- 
anismus; but Kanttsm is a product of a more re- 
cent fashion in word-formation.] The doctrine 
of the German philosopher Immauuel Kant 
( 1724-1804), one of the most influential of meta- 
physicians. His leading work, published In 1781 (sec- 
ond edition in 1787), is the "Kritik dcr reinen Vernunft." or 
"Critic of the Pure Reason "(the word critic, borrowed from 
Locke, being the name of a science analogous to logic), 
llis fundamental position is that just as blue and red 
are said to be " imputed " qualities, which do not exist in 
the outward things themselves, but are only the modes In 
which these things alfect the eye, so every attribute is 
merely a mode in which the mind is affected, and has no 
application to a tiling in itself. This is true even of such 
predicates as existence and possibility, and equally so of 
non-existence and Impossibility. In short, a thing iti Itself 
is absolutely unthinkable. But just as it isquite true that 
one thing is blue and another red, in the sense of really 
so affecting the eye, so Kant does not attack the real ex- 
ternality of matters of fact, bat only that of the forms un- 
der which alone they can be apprehended by us. The ideas 
which the mind thus imports Into knowledge are of two 
kinds those which are presented in sensation, and those 
which are introduced in the process of thinking. The first 
kind, that of the forms of intuition, consists of the ideas of 
space and time. Space is the form under which alone we 
can have external perceptions. Time is that in which all 
our inward experience must clothe itself, and thus our out- 
ward sensations, too, when they come to be reproduced 
in reflection. Thought, on the other hand, is obliged to 
assume the forms of propositions, and thus arise twelve 
general conceptions (categories), r'or as a proposition Is 
eitlriT universal, particular, or singular, so the object of 
thought must have quantity; as propositions are either af- 
flrmatlve, negative, or infinltated, so the object of thought 
must have degree of reality; as propositions are either 
categorical, hypothetical, or disjunctive, so the object of 
kaphar 
thought must be either a substance with attributes inher- 
ing in it, or a cause with lt effect, 01 mutually reacting 
elements; and, finally, as a proposition is either eontin 
gent, necessary, or problematical, so UK oi,j. , i ..i thought 
must pouoM corresponding modes of being. In atti il.ut 
Ing an unchangeable character to these conceptions, Kant 
Is profoundly hostile to the spirit of empiricism ; but In 
limiting human knowledge strictly to objects of possible 
experience, be seemed to strike a severe blow to meta- 
physics. Religious ideas are, however, to be admitted as 
regulative principles. Kant is a severe moralist, his rule 
being "Act so that the maxim of thy will can likewise be 
valid as a principle of universal legislation. " 
kantikoy, canticoy (kan'ti-koi), n. [Also can- 
too, eaiitmi, kuntickie, and in the earliest form 
(as averb) kintekaeye; an Algonkin word.] 1. 
A dance, especially a religious dance, among 
American Indians. 2. An entertainment with 
dancing; a dancing-match. [U. 8.] 
Through every day of the season half the population of 
the entire village go and come to the summit of the bluff 
which overhangs It, where they peer down for hours at a 
time upon the methods and evolutions of the kanticku be- 
low, tile seals themselves looking up with intelligent ap- 
preciation of the fact that, though they were In the hands 
of man, yet he is wise enough not to disturb them there u 
they rest. Fitherieto/ U. S., V. U. 837. 
kantikoy, canticoy (kan'ti-koi), v. i. [Also 
caiitico, etc., in the earliest form kintekaeye; 
from the noun.] To dance as an act of worship, 
or in festivity: said of American Indians. 
The first of these Indians, baring received a horrible 
wound, . . . wished them to let him kinle-lnuye Mng 
a dance performed by them as a religious rite, etc. 
Broad Advice (1649X 2 N. Y. Htat. Coll., II. 258. 
These Indians had canticoycd (yelcintekayt)tihere to-day 
that is, conjured the devil, and liberated a woman among 
them who waa possessed by him, as they said. 
Dankeri, Voyage to N. Y. (1879X p. 275. 
Kantism (kan'tizm), n. [< Kaut (see Kantian- 
ism) + -ism.] Same as Kantianism. 
Kantist (kan'tist), n. [< Knnt(sc<i Kantianism) 
+ -ist.] A disciple or follower of Kant. 
kantjil, . See kancliil. 
kantry (kan'tri), n. Same as cantred. 
Kanuck. - and a. See Canuck. 
kanun (ka-non'), n. [Turk.] A kind of dulci- 
mer or zither, used in Turkey. Also written 
MMM. 
kaoliang (kou'li-ang). . [Chin. ; < kao, tall, 
+ tin HI/, millet.] Tall millet; the name in 
China of Sorghum vulgare or Indian millet. 
kaolin (ka'o-lin), . [< Chin, kaoling, 'high 
ridge.' the name of a hill in China where it is 
found.] A fine variety of clay, resulting from 
the decomposition of feldspar. It Is a hydrated sili- 
cate of aluminium. When pure It Is perfectly white, and 
forms compact, friable, or mealy masses, made up of scale 
like crystals. It is soft and unctuous to the touch. Kaolin 
forms one of the two Ingredient* in Oriental porcelain ; the 
other, called in China petuntze, Is a quartzose feldspathlc 
rock. Kaolin occurs in China, Japan, Saxony. Cornwall, 
near Limoges In France, and at several localities iu the 
United states ; that from Limoges Is used for the famous 
Sevres porcelain. In mineralogy called kaolirate. Kao- 
lin porcelain, a name sometimes given to true or hard 
porcelain, such as that of the Oriental nations and of Sevres 
and other factories of the continent of Europe. 
kaolinic (ka-o-lin'ik), a. [< kaolin + -ic.] Per- 
taining to or of the nature of kaolin : as, kao- 
linic substances. Encyc. Brit., XIX. 624. 
kaolinite (ka'o-lin-it), . [< kaolin + -ifc-2.] 
Kaolin in its crystalline form. 
kaolinization (ka-o-lin-i-za'shon), n. [< kn<>- 
liiiize + -ation.] The process by which certain 
minerals, particularly common feldspar, have 
been altered into kaolin. 
Though occasionally clear and fresh, the felspar has 
often suffered from kaMnaation. Geot. Jour., XLI V. 5& 
kaolinize (ka'o-lin-iz), v. t. ; pret. and pp. kao- 
linized, ppr. kaolinizing. [< kaolin + -ize.] To 
convert into kaolin : as, kaolinized feldspar. 
The original crystals . . . have been much cracked, 
and sometimes even partially kaolinizcd. 
PhUoKphical Mag., XXVII. 279. 
kapef. M. An obsolete form of txtpe 1 . 
kapelle (ka-pel'e), H. [G. : see chapel.] In 
Germany, a musical establishment consisting 
of a band or orchestra, with or without a choir, 
under the direction and training of a kapell- 
meister. In the eighteenth century such establishments 
were maintained at most of the German courts and by many 
of the nobility. 
kapellmeister, capellmeister (ka-pel'mis'- 
ter), H. [G., <. iiijiill, . 1-npellt, chapel, chapel- 
choir, orchestra, + meister = E. master. ] 1 . The 
leader or conductor of a kapelle, or of any large 
musicalestablishment, involving.at least in cen- 
tral Europe, extensive duties of composition, 
training, accompaniment, and conducting. 2. 
The conductor of any band or orchestra. 
Sometimes translated chapel-master. 
kaph, n. See caph. 
kaphar, . See caphar. 
