keeled 
keeled (kold), n. [< krvfl + -rd*.'] Having a 
keel; furnished with or exhibiting a longitu- 
dinal ridtfe resembling the k.-el of a bout, ;i> :i 
leaf or other object; ridged lengthwise in the 
middle underneath, as the sternum of a eari- 
n;ite bird (see cut under curiimti); (.'urinated. 
The imitation of keeled scales on the crown produced by 
the recumbent feet, as the oaterptUir thruw itself back- 
ward. A. R. Wallace, Nat. Select., p. u. 
keelegt, keelekt, . 
keeler 1 (ke'ler), . [< lcii'l l ,n.,2, + -er 1 .'] One 
who works on a barge or keel. Also keelmnn. 
keeler' 2 (ke'ler), . [< kfd-, r., + -erl. Cf. 
I.' 1 1 /-, n. The equiv. Ir. cileir i appar. from the 
E. word.] 1. A small shallow tub used for some 
domestic purposes, as dish-washing, also to hold 
stuff for calking ships, etc. 
Their wlsards, who with certaine gralnes tolde fortunes, 
and diuinfd, looking into keelers and palles full of water. 
Purchat, Pilgrimage, p. 803. 
2. A square or oblong wooden box, from 3 to 4 
feet long and 6 to 8 inches deep, used in dress- 
ing mackerel, and also to hold the salt used in 
the process. More fully called gib-keeler. 
keeler-tub (ke'ler-tub), n. Same as keeler*, 1. 
Lowell, Biglow Papers, 2d ser., Int. 
keelfat (kel'fat), . [< keeft + faf.] A cool- 
er ; a vat in which liquor is set for cooling. 
keelhaul (kol'hal), v. t. l\lsokeelhale(=D. LG. 
kiallnilfii = G. kielholen = Dan. kjolhale = Svy. 
kolhala) ; < keel 1 + haul, hale 1 . The E. word is 
prob. adapted from the D.] 1. To haul under 
the keel of a ship. Keelhauling was formerly a pun- 
ishment indicted in the English and other navies for cer- 
tain otf enses. The offender was drawn through the water 
under the bottom of the ship, and back on board on the 
opposite side, by ropes and tackles attached to the yards. 
Whoever told him so was a lying lubberly rascal, and de- 
served to be keelhauled. SnuiUett. 
Home also have an effigy of Judas, which the crew amuse 
themselves with keel-haulinij and hanging by the neck from 
the yard-arms. Jt. U. Dana, Jr., Before the Mast, p. 147. 
2. Figuratively, to 1 reprimand severely; haul 
over the coals. 
Also keelrake. 
keelhauling (kel'ha'ling), . [Verbal n. of keel- 
haul, r.] Punishment by hauling under the keel 
of a ship. 
He would have undergone a dozen keel-haulings rather 
than have satisfied Vanslyperken. 
Marryat, Snarleyyow, x. 
keelie (ke'li), n. [Imitative of its cry.] The 
kestrel. [Scotch.] 
A combination of young blackguards in Edinburgh hence 
termed themselves the Keelie (Jang. Scott. 
keeling (ke'liug), . [Sc. also keling, keiling, 
killing; < ME. keling, kelyngc; cf. Icel. keilii, 
Sw. kolja, a kind of cod.] A codfish. [Prov. 
Eng. and Scotch.] 
Keling he tok and tumberel. 
Herlng and the makerel. Haixlok, 1. 757. 
For the soling of them were made use of eleven hundred 
hides of brown cows, shapen like the tail of a keelinff. 
Urquhart, tr. of Rabelais, 1. 8. 
Before they rati-h their great fishes, as Keeling, Ling, 
etc., they must put far out into the sea with their little 
boats. Brand, Orkney, p. 20. 
keelivine, keelyvine (ke'li-vin), n. [Alsoflrutf- 
lirine ; origin obscure. Cf . keel 3 , ruddle, kettow, 
black-lead, killoic, blackish earth. ] A pencil of 
black or red lead. [Scotch.] 
Put up your pocket-book and your keelyvine pen then, 
for I downa speak out an' ye hae writing materials in your 
hands. Scott, Antiquary, joorviii. 
keelless (kel'les), . [< keel 1 + -less.'} lazool., 
hot., etc., having no keel or cariua; ecarinate. 
keelman(kerman),.; pl.fceetoi<;(-nien). Same 
;is krrlcr 1 . 
keel-molding 
(kel' including), 
. In arch., a 
round on which 
there is a small 
fillet, projecting 
like the keel of 
a ship. The fillet 
was originally small, 
but became more and 
more pronounced. 
This form of mold- 
ing is chanu-teristii' 
in medieval archi- 
tecture, from early 
in the thirteenth to 
tho middle of the 
fifteenth century. 
keel-petals(keT- 
ppfalz), ii. />!. 
Those petals in 
a papilionaceous flower which unite to form 
the keel. 
3269 
I have thrice seen humble-bees of two kinds, an well as 
hive bees, sucking the nectar (of the sweet-peal, ami iln'j 
iliil not depress the keel-petal* su as to expose the anthers 
and stigma. 
Darwin, Cross and Keif Fertilization (Amer. ed.), p. 15">. 
keelrake(k(H'rak), r. /.; pret. and pp. kticlnil.nl, 
ppr. kiflrnking. Same as kwlhtntl. 
keel-shaped (kel'shapt), a. In hot., having the 
form of a keel ; carinate. 
keelson, kelson (kel'sou), n. [Also kilsan, and 
formerly kel-iiac; < Sw. kiilxriii = Dan. kjiilxriii 
= I). feMMM, kiikiryn (Sewel) = East Fries, l.-iil- 
.sTi = LG. kietnirifn, kielsckmn G. Wei- 
achieein, keelson; appar. with corruption of the 
second element (simulating Sw. Dan. sviti = G. 
xf/i a' fin = E. swine), which appears in what is 
prob. the correct form in Norw. kjohnill, keel- 
son, < Icjiil, keel, + grill, sill, = Icel. ttytt, will 
= Sw. yll, dial, mill = Dan. gyld = G. schwelle 
= E. : see A-eefi and gill.'] A line of jointed 
timbers in a ship laid on the middle of the 
floor-timbers over the keel, fastened with long 
bolts and clinched, thus binding the floor- 
timbers to the keel; in iron ships, a combina- 
tion of plates corresponding to the keelson- 
timber of a wooden vessel. See cut under 
Keel-molding, a, a, keels. 
The top-mast to the keltine then with link-yards downe 
they drew. Chapman, Iliad, i. 
Engine-keelson, boiler-keelson, heavy timbers placed 
fore and aft In the bilge of a steamer, on which the engine's 
or boilers rest. False keelson, a piece of timber fastened 
longitudinally over the top of the true keelson. Inter- 
costal keelson, a short piece between the frames. 
Rider keelson, an additional keelson above the main 
keelson, for the purpose of strengthening it. Sister 
keelson, a timber placed alongside the main keelson and 
bolted to it. 
keel vat (kel'vat), H. Same &skeelj'at. 
keelyvine, . See keelivine. 
keen 1 (ken), a. [< ME. kenr, bold, bitter, sharp, 
< AS. cene, rarely cyne, bold (used in this sense 
only) (= D. koeii = OHG. kuoni, kuani, cliuoni, 
eliuone, MHG. kuene, G. kuhn, bold, daring, = 
Icel. tosnu (for *ktmn), wise, clever, able) : lit. 
'able,' with orig. suffix -ija, < cann, inf. cunnaii, 
be able, can: see can 1 . The physical sense 
'sharp' has been developed from that of 'bold, 
eager.'] If. Bold; daring; brave; active: ap- 
plied to men. 
There-at Ector was angry, & out of his wit ! 
Two kynges he kylcl of the Irene Grekes 
Amphenor the fuerse, and the frelke Dnrlns. 
Destruction of Troy (E. E. T. S.X 1. 7704. 
Of Fhocus the ferae men forthoughten hem all, 
That euer thei farde to fight with Philip the keene. 
Alimunder of Macedoine (E. E. T. s.), 1. 141;. 
2f. Grim; fierce; savage; rapacious: applied 
to wild animals. 
A wilderness that ful of wilde bestes es sene 
Als lions, libardes, and wolwes kene. 
Uampole, Prick of Conscience, 1. 1226. 
3. Vehement; earnest; eager; ardent; fierce; 
animated by orshowing strongfeelingordesire: 
as, a keen fighter ; to be keen at a bargain. 
He drank, and made the cuppe ful clene, 
And sith he spake wordis Irene. 
MS. Cantab. Ff. v. 48, f. 60. (HtOKweU.) 
Never did I know 
A creature that did bear the shape of man 
Ho keen and greedy to corfound a man. 
Shak., M. of V., IIL 2, 278. 
The sheep were so keen upon the acorns. 
Sir R. L'Estranye. 
The school has obtained so high a reputation that the 
demand for admission is very keen. 
Quarterly Ret., CXLV. 325. 
4. Such as to cut or penetrate easily; having 
a very sharp point or edge ; sharp ; acute : as, 
a keen edge. 
Sedar was sorry for sake of his cosyn, 
Came euyn at Castor with a kene sworde. 
Destruction of Troy (E. E. T. 8.X 1. 128& 
A bow he bar and arwes brighte and Irene. 
Chaucer, Knight's Tale, L 1108. 
Still with their fires Love tipt his keenest darts. 
Tennyson, Fair Women. 
Oleams, quick and kern, the scalplng-knlfe. 
WhitKer, Mogg Megone, I. 
5. Sharp or irritating to the body or the mind ; 
acutely harsh or painful; biting; stinging; 
tingling. 
Whi sayst thou thanne I am to the so kene > 
Chaucer, Fortune, 1. 27. 
Although I tell him keen truth, yet he may beare with 
me, since I am like tochafe him into some good knowledge. 
Milton, Apology for Smectymnuus. 
Genial days 
Shall softly elide away Into the keen 
And wholesome cold of winter. 
Bryant, Conjunction of Jupiter and Venus. 
keep 
If our sense of the misery or emptiness of lite became 
fur some reason much more keen than It Is, life would at 
last becoiiM- intolerable to us. 
J. It. Seeley, Nat. Religion, p. 69. 
6. Having a cutting or incisive character or 
effect; penetrating ; vigorous ; energetic; viv- 
id; intense: as, keen eyes; a keen look; a keen 
rebuke ; Jfcee-witte<l. 
To leave this keen encounter of our wits. 
And fall somewhat Into a slower method. 
Shalt., Rich. III., 1. 2,115. 
'['heir weekly frauds his keen replies detect. 
Dryden, Abs. and Achlt, IL 1033. 
7. Having or manifesting great mental acute- 
ness; characterized by great quickness or 
penetration of thought; sharply perceptive: 
as, a keen logician or debater; keen insight. 
For keen and polished rhetoric he Is singularly unfitted. 
De (imncey. Rhetoric. 
The keen Intelligence with which the meaning was 
sought should be the test of the seeker's being entitled to 
possess the secret treasure. 
Hawthorne, geptlinlus Felton, p. 123. 
On the keen jump. See jumpi. = Syn. See acute, tharp, 
and list under eayeri. 
keen 1 (ken), v. t. [< keen 1 , a.] 1. To make 
keen or sharp; sharpen. [Rare.] 
Cold winter keen* the brightening flood. Thornton. 
2. To chap, as the hands. [Prov. Eng.j 
keen' 2 (ken), . [< Ir. caoine, a cry of lamenta- 
tion for the dead.] A loud lamentation made 
over the dead; a wailing. [Ireland.] 
A thousand cries would swell the keen, 
A thousand voices of despair 
Would echo thine. Owen Ward. 
keen 2 (ken), . i. [< kceift, .] 1. To make 
a loud lamentation over the dead ; lament ; 
wail. [Ireland.] 
From the road outside there came a prolonged ear- 
piercing wail, that made the window-panes tremble. I 
have never heard any earthly sound at once so expressive 
of utter despair, and appealing to heaven or hell for ven- 
geance. ..." It Is the wild Irish women keeniny over 
their dead." 0. A. Lawrence, Quy Livingstone, xvii. 
Customs that have hardly disappeared from Finland and 
Ireland, or are fresh in tradition, existed in both coun- 
tries, such as ... keening and waking the dead. 
The Century, XXXVII. 379. 
2. To wail over any loss, or in anticipation of 
loss. 
Was It for this that I keened over the cold hearthstone 
at Garoopna, when we sold It to the Breutwoods? 
U. Kingsley, Uillyars and Burtons, vii. 
The wind shifts to the west. Peace, peace, Banshee 
keening at every window. Charlotte Bronte, Villette, xlli. 
keena (ke'nS,), . [E. Ind.] An East Indian 
tree, Calophyllum tomentosum. Its timber sup- 
plies the valuable poon spars of western India, 
and its seeds yield keena-oil. 
keena-nnt (ke'na-nut), . The oil-bearing seed 
of the keena. 
keena-oil (ke'na-oil), n. An oil extracted in 
Ceylon from the seeds of the drupaceous fruit 
of the keena. 
keener (ke'ner), n. [< keen*, v., + -er 1 .] One 
who keens; especially, a woman who keens or 
wails as a hired or professional mourner at 
wakes and funerals. See keen"*, v. [Ireland.] 
keenly (keu'li), adv. [< ME. kenely, kenly, 
keneliche, < AS. cenlice (= MD. koenliek, D. 
koenlijk = MHG. kuenliche, G. kiihnlich), boldly, 
< cene, bold: see teen 1 , a.] In a keen manner; 
eagerly ; sharply ; with keenness or intensity ; 
acutely. 
keenness (ken'nes), . The state or quality of 
being keen in any sense of that word ; sharp- 
ness; acuteness; intensity. 
keen-witted (ken'wit'ed), a. Having acute 
wit or discernment. 
keep (kep), t\; pret. and pp. kept, ppr. keeping. 
[< ME. icepen, kipeti, < AS. cenaii (pret. cepte, 
pp. ceped, cei>t) (= MD. kepen), observe, keep, 
take care of, regard, await, take. AS. cepan 
in this sense is usually supposed to be a oiff. 
use of cepan, cypaii, traffic, sell (cf. ceapiati, 
traffic), < cedp, price, bargain (see cheap, n. and 
r. ) ; but such connection is very doubtful. Cf . 
kip 1 .'] I. trans. If. To observe; heed; regard; 
attend to; care for; be solicitous about. 
Syche counsel! as thou kythes kepe I none of, 
That will lede me to losse. & my lond hoole. 
Destruction of Troy (E. E. T. 8.X L 11340. 
While the stars and course of heaven I kren. 
Dryden, JSneid. vi. 476. 
2. To observe or carry out in practice; per- 
form ; fulfil : as, to keep the laws ; to keep the 
sabbath-day ; to keep one's word or promise. 
Then keppit was the counsel! of Calcas belyue. 
Destruction of Troy (E. E. T. 8.X 1. 4662. 
Keep hospitality amoiiKc thy Neighbours. 
Bookt of Precedence (E. E. T. 8., extra ser.X L 71. 
