kindness 
Not always actions show the man ; we find 
Who does a kindne** is not therefore kind. 
Pope, .Moral Essays, i. 110. 
4. Accordance with meed or desire; fatness; 
iigroeabloness; congruity: as, the kindness of 
the elements. [Bare.] 
A Rood loaf should have kindneia of structure, being 
neither chatty, nor (laky, nor crummy, nor sodden. 
Encye. Brit., I. 171. 
= Syn. Tenderness, compassion, humanity, clemency, mild- 
ness, gentleness, goodness, generosity, fellow-feeling. See 
benignant and /.///<//.>/. 
kindred (tdn'dwd). n. and a. [With unorig. d 
inserted medially by confusion with kind? or 
by mere phonetic influence ; < ME. kinrede, ken- 
r'edc, kynrede, kynredyn, kinship, < AS. cynn, kin, 
+ rasden, state, condition : see -red.] I. . 1. 
Relationship by birth, marriage, or descent; 
consanguinity; kinship; affinity. 
There I throw my gzc, 
Disclaiming here the kindred of the king. 
Shak., Rich. II., L 1, 70. 
Consanguinity, or kindred, is defined by the writers on 
these subjects to be vinculum personarum ab eodem sti- 
pito descendentium ; the connexion or relation of per- 
sons descended from the same stock or common ancestor. 
lilacIntuHe, Com., II. xiv. 
Thy likeness to the wise below, 
Thy kindred with the great of old. 
Tennyton, lu Memoriam, 1\ \ iv. 
2. Community in kind ; intrinsic relationship 
or connection. 
The sciences are all of one kindred. Brougham. 
3. In a plural sense, relatives by blood or de- 
scent, or, by extension, by marriage ; a body of 
persons related to one another; relatives; kin. 
And than the kynge sente to alle the Dukes Itenrede, 
and alle by letteres, that thei sholde come to hym to Car- 
doel. Merlin (E. E. T. 8.), L 79. 
Adam's sons are my brethren ; and, truly, I hold It a 
sin to match in my kindred. Shak., Much Ado, ii. 1, 68. 
4. A tribe ; a body of persons connected by a 
family or tribal bond : with a plural form. 
Salomon the wyse, that was Kyng aftre David, upon the 
12 Kynredes of Jerusalem. Mandeville, Travels, p. 65. 
The little territory of Dithmarschen was colonised by 
two kindreds from Kriesland and two from Saxony. 
Stubbs, Const Hist., f 26. 
II. a. 1. Having kinship; allied by blood or 
descent ; related as kin. 
The Danes were a kindred folk to the English, hardly 
differing more from some of the tribes which had taken 
a part in the English conquest than those tribes differed 
from one another. E. A. Freeman, Amer. Lects., p. 151. 
2. Pertaining to kinship; of related origin or 
character; hence, native; pertaining to nativ- 
ity : as, to live under kindred skies. 
His hands were guilty of no kindred blood, 
But bloody with the enemies of his kin. 
Shak., Rich. II., ii. 1, 182. 
Hence 3. Congenial; allied; of like nature, 
qualities, etc. : as, kindred souls ; kindred pur- 
suits. 
Good aunt, you wept not for our father's death ; 
How can we aid you with our kindred tears? 
Shak., Rich. III., Ii. 2, 63. 
The fellowship of kindred minds 
Is like to that above. 
D. E. Jones, Blest be the Tie that Binds. 
Mountains interposed 
Make enemies of nations, who had else 
Like kindred drops been mingled into one. 
Cowper, Task, ii. 18. 
kindshipt, n. [ME. kyndship; < kind 1 + -ship.] 
Kindness. Gower, Conf. Amant., ii. 
kind-spoken (klnd'sp6*'kn), a. 1. Spoken in a 
kind way: as, a kind-spoken word. 2. Charac- 
terized by kindly speech : as, a kind-spoken gen- 
tleman. [Colloq.] 
kind-tempered (kind'tem^perd), a. Mild ; gen- 
tle. 
To the kind-temper'd change of night and day, 
And of the seasons. Thomson, Summer, 1. 39. 
kind-wittedt, a. [ME. kynde-witted; < kindi, a., 
+ in'/, .,+ -f(J 2 .] Having natural sense or in- 
telligence, as opposed to instructed. Compare 
kind wit, under kind 1 , a. 
No more can a kynde-iritted man botc clerkes hym teche, 
Come for alle hus kynde wyttes thorwe Cristendom to be 
saued. Piers Plovman (C), xv. 62. 
kine 1 (kin), . [See cow 1 .] Plural of coir 1 . 
[Archaic.] 
A herd of beeves, fair oxen and fair kine. 
Milton, P. L., xL 647. 
When the deep-breathing kine come home at twilight. 
0. W. Holmes, Autocr.it. iv. 
kine 2 (kin), H. [Origin obscure.] A weasel. 
HHltiirell. [Prov. Eng.] 
kinedomt, n. [ME., also kyiirdom, ki>i<l<iui, //- 
<//,< AS. cynedom, kingdom, < cync-, of a king, 
3289 
+ doin, jurisdiction: see kingdom.] Same as 
kinematic (kin-e-mat'ik), a. and n. [< Qr. nivr/- 
ua(r-), movement, < xtveiv, move: see kinetic.] 
1. n. Of or pertaining to kinematics. 
II. n. Same as kinematics. 
The rules about space and motion constitute the pure 
sciences of Geometry and Kinematic. 
W. K. Clifford, Lectures, I. 265. 
Also cinematic. 
kinematical (kin-e-mat'i-kal), a. [< kinematic 
+ -<i/.] Same as "kinematic. Also cinematical. 
kinematics (kin-e-mat'iks), n. [PI. of kine- 
matic : see -ics.] 1. That part of tne science of 
mechanics which treats of motion, its direction, 
velocity, acceleration, composition, etc., with- 
out reference to mass or to constraints: op- 
posed to dynamics. Thus, the relation between 
Kepler's laws and the law of gravitation comes under the 
head of kinematics, because the planet is perfectly free to 
move and iU mass has nothing to do with the question. 
On the other hand, the consideration of perturbations 
belongs to dynamics and not to kinematics. Again, the 
subject of the brachlstochrone, though It Involves no 
consideration of mass, is excluded from kinematics, as 
Involving constraint. Statics is not considered to belong 
to kinematics, since most statical problems involve con- 
straints, though others do not. But the whole distinction 
between kinematics and dynamics seems artificial, unsci- 
entific, and confused. 
2. The theory of mechanical contrivances for 
converting one kind of motion into another, as 
for example for making a piston-rod with a re- 
ciprocating motion communicate to a wheel 
a uniform rotation. Also called applied kine- 
matics. 
kinemerkt, n. [ME., also kyne-merk; < cyne-, 
of a king (see king 1 ), + marc, mark.] A mark 
or sign of royalty. Ravelok, \. 602. 
kinepox (kin'poks), . Same as cowpox. 
kinerict, kinerichet, [ME., also kuneriche, 
kinric, etc., < AS. cynerice (= OHG. chunirichi), 
a kingdom, < cync-, of a king (see king 1 ), + 
rice, a kingdom. Cf. kingric.] Same as kintj- 
ric. 
kinescope (kin'e-skop), n. Same as kineto- 
scope, 2. 
kinesiatric (ki-ne-si-at'rik), a. [< Gr. n'mpis, 
movement, + iarpmos, relating to a cure, < 
iaTp6f, a physician.] In therap., relating to or 
consisting in muscular movement employed as 
a remedy; pertaining to kinesitherapy. 
kinesipatbic (ki-ne-si-path'ik), a. [< kinesip- 
ath-y -T- -ic.] Of or pertaining to kinesipathy; 
motorpathic. 
kinesipathist(kin-e-sip'a-thist), . [<kinesip- 
ath-y + -ist.] One'who practises kinesipathy ; 
one versed in kinesipathy. 
kinesipathy (kin-e-sip'a-thi), n. [Irreg. < Gr. 
nivr/ais, movement '(< Kivelv, move), + irdoof, suf- 
fering (taken, as in homeopathy, etc., to mean 
' cure ').] Kinesitherapy, especially in its ear- 
lier and cruder forms. 
kinesitherapy (ki-ne-si-ther'a-pi), n. [< Gr. '- 
vr/aif, movement, + depawela, cure.] In ihtrap., 
a mode of treating diseases by gymnastics or 
appropriate movements ; movement-cure. 
kinesodic (kin-e-sod'ik), a. [< Gr. xivt/atf, move- 
ment, + od, force, + -ic.] Transmitting motor 
impulses: applied to the motor tracts of the 
nervous system. 
kinesthesia, kinesthesis, . See kincKsthesia. 
kinesthetic, kinaesthetic (kin-es-thet'ik), a. 
[< kincesthesia, after esthetic.'] Pertaining to 
kinsesthesia. 
kinetic (ki-net'ik), a. [< Gr. xtvyrucAf, < uvrrrb;, 
verbal adj. of mvelv, move: see cite 1 .] 1. Caus- 
ing motion; motory. 2. Actually exerted, as 
force : opposed to latent or potential. 
The potential energy of a material system Is the ca- 
pacity which it has of doing work depending on other 
circumstances than the motion of the system. In other 
words, potential energy is that energy which is not kinetic. 
Clerk Maxicell, Matter and Motion, art. Ixxxii. 
Kinetic coefficient of viscosity. See coefficient Ki- 
netic constraint. See constraint. Kinetic energy or 
activity. See energy, 7. Kinetic theory of gases. See 
gas, 1. 
kinetical (ki-net'i-kal), a. [< kinetic + ^al.] 
Of, pertaining to, or concerned with kinetics. 
This he considers to be dependent upon the difference 
between the statical and the kinetical pressure of the 
column of lava on the sides of the duct. 
J. Prestirich, Proc. Roy. Soc., XXXVIII. 268. 
kinetics (ki-net'iks), n. [PI. of kinetic: see -ics.] 
That branch of the science of dynamics which 
treats of forces causing or changing the motion 
in bodies or of the circumstances of actual 
motion: opposed to .--tiiticr!. and synonymous 
with <lynnii<:* in one of the senses of that word. 
See dynamics Chemical kinetics. See chemical. 
king 
kinetogenesis (ki-ne-to-jen'e-sis), n. [< Gr. 
KivrfTOf, verbal adj. of uveiv, move (see kinetic), 
+ yeveoif, origin : see genesis.] Origination of 
animal structures by means or in consequence 
of the movements of animals, or the doctrine 
of such origination. E. D. Cope, Origin of the 
Fittest, p. 423. 
kinetoscope (ki-ne'to-skop), . [< Gr. luvrrrof, 
moving (verbal adj. of tuveiv, move), + aiamelv, 
view.] 1. A kind of movable panorama. 
[Bare.] 2. An instrument for illustrating the 
results of combinations of arcs of different 
radii in making curves. Also called kinescope. 
kine-yerdt, . [< ME. kyneyenl, kynegera, < 
AS. cynegeard, a scepter, s cyne-, of a king, + 
geard, rod, yard: see yard 1 .] A scepter. 
Hli setten on ys heved a croune of rede golde, 
Ant token him a kyneyerde ... to deme. 
Execution of Sir Simon Frater (Child's Ballads, VI. 277). 
king 1 (king), . [< ME. king, kyng, < AS. cyng, 
a late contracted form of the usual cyning = 
OS. kunitig = OFries. koning, kiniiig, kening, ken- 
eng, also, with alteration of the suffix, kmiig, 
kenig, keneg = OD. cpnine, koninck, D. koning = 
MliG. konink, konnink, LG. koning, koning = 
OHG. <-li a HI HI/, kuninc, also, with alteration of 
the suffix, chunig, kunig, MHG. kiinie, kiinee, 
contr. kiinc, G. konig, formerly also konig (with 
vowel due to LG.) = Icel. konungr, contr. kongr 
= Sw. konung, contr. kung =: Dan. konge(& Goth, 
form, "kuniggs, is not recorded, and perhaps 
never existed, the usual word being thiudans = 
AS. / In ijiii n}. a king, i. e. a chief, the chief man 
of a tribe, prob. lit. 'belonging to a tribe,' or 
' descendant of a tribe ' (or ' one of noble kin'f ), 
< AS. cynn (= Goth, kuni, etc.), a race, tribe, 
kin (cf. AS. cyne- (= OHG. chuni-), in comp., 
of a king, perhaps a contr. form of cyning in 
comp., otherwise a related noun), + -ing, a com- 
mon patronymic suffix : see kin 1 and -ing 3 . The 
exact notional relation of king with kin is unde- 
termined, but the etymological relation is hard- 
ly to be doubted. The asserted identity of the 
word with Skt. janaka, a father, is false. There 
is no connection, as alleged, with can 1 and cun- 
ning' 1 .] 1. A chief ruler; a reigning sovereign 
or monarch ; a man who holds by life tenure the 
chief authority over a country and people. The 
word is used both as a generic designation of any sovereign 
ruler and as the specific title of the rulers of certain states 
distinctively called kingdoms. It is applicable by extension 
to an Infant who has become heir to the sovereign power, 
and reigns through a regent. King, originally applied to 
any tribal chief, whether such by hereditary, elective, or 
military right, took on a more imposing sense with the rise 
of the modern European states ; out it is still used histori- 
cally, or with a modern imputation or suggestion of royal 
splendor, with reference to many ancient and modern bar- 
barian or savage tribes, as the ancient Canaanite kings, 
the Mongol kings of Asia, the ancient kings of Ireland, the 
kings of central Africa, the American Indian King Fow- 
hatan and King Philip, etc. The autocratic or despotic 
power formerly implied by the title kiivj has been almost 
lost In Europe, where a king is now merely a chief magis- 
trate for life, bound by constitutional and statutory limi- 
tations equally with his subjects. The office of king is now, 
as a rule, hereditary in principle ; but in former times it 
was often elective, or in some manner the subject of choice 
or selection. In the generic sense, God Is often called King, 
as the supreme ruler of the universe. Abbreviated K. 
And also wee have a Kijng, nought for to do Justice to 
every man, for he schallefynde no forfete amonge u; but 
for to kepe noblesse, and for to schewe that wee ben obeys- 
sant, wee have a l\im : i. MandeoiUe, Travels, p. 294. 
Who is this King of glory 1 The Lord strong and mighty. 
Pa. xxiv. '-. 
There's such divinity doth hedge a king 
That treason can but peep to what It would. 
Shak., Hamlet, IT. 5, 123. 
2. One who or that which is chief or greatest 
in any respect; a holder of preeminent rank or 
power of any kind : as, a king of good fellows ; 
the lion is called the king of beasts. 
He [leviathan] beholdeth all high things : he is a king 
over all the children of pride. Job xIL 34. 
Of a' the lads that I do ken, 
A Wamphray lad 's the king of men. 
Loot of Wamphray (Child's Ballads, VL 173). 
Time made thee what thou wast, king of the woods. 
Cowper, Yardley Oak. 
3. In games: (a) A playing-card bearing a pic- 
ture of a king: as, tne king of diamonds. 
Whiles he thought to steal the single ten, 
The king was slily flnger'd from the deck. 
Shak., S Hen. VI., T. 1, 44. 
An Ace of Hearts steps forth : the King unseen 
Lurk'd in her hand, and mourn 'd his captive Queen. 
Pope, R. of the L., iii. 86. 
(6) The chief piece in the game of chess. See 
chess, (c) A crowned man in the game of 
draughts, (d) See the quotation. 
About the middle of the [billiard, [table was placed a 
small arch of iron, and in a right line, at a little distance 
from it, an upright cone called the king. 
Stnitt, Sports and Pastimes, p. 396. 
