Lamellibranchiata 
the mantle or pallium, which laps round the body, Its halves 
being either free or united so as to leave only three aper- 
tures for the inlet and outlet of water for respiration, and 
for the protrusion of 
a fleshy organ called 
the foot, when It is 
present. The mus- 
cular edge of the 
mantle leaves on 
each valve an im- 
pression called the 
pallial line. Respira- 
tion is generally ef- 
fected by lamellated 
gills (whence the 
name), usually oc- 
cupying a large part 
of the interior of the 
shell on each side. 
The mouth is a sim- 
ple jawless fissure, 
furnished 
A A 
Vertical Transverse Section of Anodonta 
shed With one through the heart, 
or two pairs Of soft A A, mantle-lobes; B, foot; c, rectum; 
palpi, the food being h, f, inner and outer gills;/; ventricle of 
conveyed to it by heart; f. auricles of Heart; A pericardi- 
cilia on the gills. \ 
The heart has a sin- 
gle ventricle pierced by the intestine, and there are three 
double nerve-centers. The group was originally desig- 
nated by the author of the name (De Blainville, 1814) as an 
order, but has generally been adopted as a class of Mollusca, 
containing all the true or ordinary bivalve mollnsks, of 
vestibule of g', the organ of Boja- 
I! 
Diagrammatic Section of Fresh-water Mussel {Anodonta ), illustrating 
anatomyof Lamellikranchiata. . 
AA, mantle, its right lobe cut away ; B, foot ; C, branchial cham- 
ber of mantle-cavity ; />, anal chamber ; I, II, anterior and posterior 
adductor muscles ; III, retractor muscle of foot ; a, mouth ; b, stom- 
ach ; c, intestine, coils of which are supposed to be seen through the 
side walls of the mesosoma ; ti, rectum ; e. anus ; f, ventricle ; g, au- 
ricle ; ft, gills, except i, right external gill, largely cut away and 
turned back; , labial palpi; /, cerebroganglion ; i, pedal gan- 
glion; , parietosplanchnic ganglia; o, aperture of organof Bojanus; 
A pericardium. 
which oysters, clams, etc., are familiar examples. Syno- 
nyms of the whole group are Acephala, Bivalvia, Conchi- 
fera, Cortnopoda, and Pelecypoda. 
lamellibranchiate (la-mel-i-brang'ki-at), a. 
and n. [< NL. lamellibranchiatiis, < L. lamella, 
a thin plate, + branchice, gills.] Same as la- 
mellibranch. 
lamellicorn (Ia-mel'i-k6rn), a. and . [< NL. 
lamellicornis, < L. lamella, a thin plate, + cornu 
= E. Aorn.] I. a. 1. Having lamellte or a lam- 
ellate structure, as the antennae of an insect. 
2. Having lamellate antennse, as an insect; 
of or pertaining to the Lamellicornia. 
II. n. A lamellicorn beetle; any member 
of the Lamellicornia, as a scarab, dung-beetle, 
stag-beetle, cockchafer, etc. 
lamellicornate (Ia-mel-i-k6r'nat), a. Same as 
lamellicorn. 
Lamellicornes (Ia-mel-i-k6r'nez), n. pi. [NL. 
(orig. the F. accom. of NL. lamelliconia, neut. 
pi.), < L. lamella, a thin plate, + cornu = E. 
horn."] In Latreille's system, the sixth family 
of pentamerous Coleoptera, corresponding with 
the modern group Lamellicornia. 
Lamellicornia (Ia-mel-i-k6r'ni-a), n. pi. [NL., 
neut. pi. of lamellicornis: see lamellicorn.] A 
suborder of Coleoptera which have the fourth and 
fifth tarsal joints not connate, the first ventral 
segment visible for its entire breadth, the an- 
tennae with a lamellate club whose apposed sur- 
faces have a very delicate sensitive structure, 
and the legs f ossorial. The antenna!, which are short 
and deeply inserted under the sides of the head, are lamel- 
Hferous, the last three joints making a lamelliform club 
(pectinated In Lvcanidee, whence the name Pectinicornia 
for this family). The lamellicorns are herbivorous, and 
very rich in species, of which there are more than 7,000, 
among them the largest and some of the most splendid 
beetles known. The leading families are ScarabaAdoe and 
Lucanidfe. 
lamelliferous (lam-e-lif'e-rus), a. [< L. lamella, 
a thin plate, + ferre = E. bear 1 .] Producing 
lamellse ; composed of or provided with lamel- 
Iffi ; having a lamellate structure. 
lamelliform (Ia-mel'i-f6rm), a. [< L. lamella, 
a thin plate, + forma, form.] Lamellar in 
form ; having the shape of a lamella ; lamellate 
in structure or arrangement. 
lamelliped (la-mel'i-ped), a. and n. [< L. la- 
mella, a thin plate, + pes (ped-) = E. foot.] I. a. 
Having a flattened lamelliform foot, as some 
conchiferous mollusks ; of or pertaining to the 
Lamellipedia. 
3336 
II. n. A mollusk with a lamelliform foot ; one 
of the Lamellipedia. 
Lamellipedia (la-mel-i-pe'di-a), n.pl. [NL., < 
L. lamella, a thin' plate, + pes (ped-) = E./ooi.] 
In Lamarck's system of the Conchifera, a divi- 
sion of acephalous mollusks having a large 
lamellar foot, containing the families Concha;, 
Cardiacea, Arcacea, Trigonea, &n<iNaiades. Also 
LamelUpedes. 
lamellirqster (la-mel-i-ros'ter), n. A lamelli- 
rostral bird. 
lamellirostral (la-mel-i-ros'tral), a. and n. [As 
Lamellirostres + -al.] I. a. Having a lamel- 
lose bill; lamellosodentate, as a bird; of or 
pertaining to the Lamellirostres. 
II. n. Any member of the Lamellirostres. 
lamellirostrate (la-mel-i-ros'trat), a. Same as 
lamellirostral. 
Lamellirostres (la-mel-i-ros'trez), n.pl. [NL., 
< L. lamella, a thin'plate, + rostrum, a beak : see 
rostrum.] In Cuvier's classification, the fourth 
family of his sixth order of birds (Palmipedes'), 
containing those which have the bill lamello- 
sodentate and covered with a soft skin, with a 
nail at the end, as ducks, geese, swans, and 
flamingos. The family corresponds to the Linnean An- 
seres, and included the modern families Anatidce and 
Phcenicopteridce. Divested of the flamingos, it corresponds 
to the Chenomorptue of Huxley, now commonly rated as an 
order or suborder of carinate birds. See Chenomorphte, 
Anseres, Analidce. 
lamellose (lam'e-los), a. [< lamella + -ose.] 
Full of lamellee ; lamellated in structure; lamel- 
liform in arrangement : a book, for instance, is 
entirely lamellose. 
lamellosodentate (lam-e-16-so-den'tat), a. 
[< lamellose + dentate.] Toothed with lamelte, 
or having lamelliform teeth, as the bill of a 
duck. 
Lamellosodentati (Iam-e-16 // s6-den-ta'tl), n. 
pi. [NL.: see lamellosodentate.] Uliger's name 
of the duck tribe, or lamellirostral birds. See 
Lamellirostres. 
lamely (lam'li), adv. 1. In a lame or halting 
manner ; like a cripple : as, to walk lamely. 2. 
Imperfectly ; unsatisfactorily; weakly; feebly: 
as, a figure lamely drawn; a scene lamely de- 
scribed; an argument lamely conducted. 
lameness (lam'nes), . 1. The state of being 
lame ; defect or unsoundness of a limb or limbs ; 
especially, impairment of locomotive capacity 
by injury or deformity : as, lameness of the hand 
or foot ; lameness caused by a broken or a de- 
formed leg. 2. Imperfection; want of finish 
or completeness ; defect ; insufficiency ; weak- 
ness: as, the lameness of a verse or a rime; the 
lameness of an argument or an apology. 
Speak of my lameness, and I straight will halt. 
Shak., Sonnets, Ixxxix. 
If the story move, or the actor help the lameness of it 
with his performance. Dryden, Spanish Friar. 
lament (la-menf), [= Sp. Pg. It. lamento, 
< L. lamentum, usually in pi. lamenta, a wailing, 
moaning ; with formative -mention (see -ment), 
from the root *la, seen also in latrare, bark, Gr. 
pd^eiv, snarl, Buss, laieti, bark, scold.] 1. ATI 
expression of grief or sorrow ; a sad complaint ; 
a lamentation. 
And these external manners of laments 
Are merely shadows to the unseen grief 
That swells with silence in the tortured soul. 
Shak., Rich. II., iv. 1. 296. 
2. A set form of lamentation or mourning; an 
elegy ; a mourning song or ballad. 
At Busiris, which was the alleged burial-place of Osiris, 
there was an annual festival at which the votaries, having 
fasted and put on mourning dresses, uttered a lament 
round a burnt-offering : the death of Osiris being the sub- 
ject of the lament. H. Spencer, Prin. of Sociol., 144. 
3. The music for an elegy, or a tune intended to 
express or excite sorrowful emotion ; a mourn- 
ful air. 
lament (la-menf ), v. [< F. lamenter = Sp. Pg. 
lamentar = It. lamentarc, < L. lamentari, wail, 
weep, < lamentum, a wailing, lament : see la- 
ment, n.] I. intrans. 1. To express sorrow; 
utter words or sounds of grief; mourn audibly ; 
wail. 
In that day shall one take up a parable against yon, 
and lament with a doleful lamentation. Micah ii. 4. 
Every now and then I heard the wail of women lament- 
ing for the dead. R. Curzon, Monast. in the Levant, p. 195. 
2. To show great sorrow or regret; repine; 
chafe ; grieve. 
Where joy most revels, grief doth most lament; 
Grief joys, joy grieves, on slender accident. 
Shak., Hamlet, iii. 2. 208. 
= Syn. Lament, Mourn, Grieve ; sorrow. Lament express- 
es always, at least figuratively, an external act. Mourn 
Lamiaceae 
was originally and is still often the same, but does not now 
suggest anything audible. Grieve suggests more of a con- 
suming effect upon the person sorrowing. See affliction. 
II. trans. 1. To bewail; mourn for; be- 
moan; deplore. 
They lamented the death of their leader, and filled all 
places with their complaints. Bacon, Moral Fables, vii. 
2f. To afflict ; distress. 
He went home, where he lay much Lamented and won- 
derfully affrighted with the Old Woman coming to afflict 
him. Quoted in Ashton's Social Life in Keign of Queen 
[Anne, I. 124. 
lamentable (lam'en-ta-bl), a. [< F. lamentable 
= Sp. lamentable = Pg. lamentavel = It. lamen- 
tabile, lamentable, < L. lamentabilis, mournful, 
< L. lamentari, mourn, lament: see lament, v.] 
1. To be lamented ; exciting or calling for sor- 
row; grievous: as, a lamentable deterioration 
of morals. 
Tell thou the lamentable tale of me. 
Shak., Rich. II., v. 1. 44. 
And yet their superstition is more lamentable then their 
dispersion, as also their pertinacie and stubbornenesse in 
their superstition. Purchas, Pilgrimage, p. 169. 
2. Expressive of grief; mournful: as, a lamen- 
table cry. 
Ceaseless rain sweeping away wildly before a long and 
lamentable blast Charlotte Bronte, Jane Eyre, i. 
3. Miserable; pitiful; low; poor. 
Then are messengers again posted to Rome in lamenta- 
ble sort, beseeching that they would not suffer a whole 
Province to be destroy'd. Milton, Hist. Eng., iii. 
lamentableness (lam'en-ta-bl-nes), n. The 
state of being lamentable. 
lamentably (lam'en-ta-bli), adv. In a lamen- 
table manner; mournfully; pitifully. 
lamentation (lam-en-ta'shon), n. [< ME. la- 
mentaeioun, < OF. (and F.1 lamentation = Sp. 
lamentacion = Pg. lamenta^So = It. lamentazione, 
< L. lamentatio(n-), a weeping, < L. lamentari, 
weep: see lament, v.] 1. The act of bewailing; 
expression of sorrow ; a mournful outcry. 
Who sothely might suffer the sorow that thou mase . . . 
Lamentacoun & langour the long night ouer ? 
Destruction of Troy (E. E. T. S.X 1. 3294. 
In Rama was there a voice heard, lamentation, and weep- 
ing, and great mourning. Mat. ii. 18. 
2. [cap.] pi. The shorter title of the Lamentations 
of Jeremiah, one of the poetical books of the Old 
Testament. In the Septuagint, as in the English Bible, 
it stands immediately after the Book of Jeremiah, of which 
it probably originally formed a continuation. Its subject 
is the destruction of Jerusalem by the Chaldeans. It was 
probably composed immediately after the taking of the 
city (686 B. e.\ while the wounds of the nation were still 
fresh. Jeremiah has been generally regarded by Christian 
scholars as its author. 
3. [cap.] pi. The music to which the first three 
lessons, taken from the Lamentations of Jere- 
miah, are sung in the Roman Catholic Church, 
in the office called Tenebrse, on Thursday, Fri- 
day, and Saturday of Holy Week. =syn. 1. Mourn- 
ing, complaint, plaint, moan, moaning, wailing, outcry. 
See lament, v. t. 
lamenter (la-men'ter), n. One who laments, 
mourns, or cries out with sorrow. 
laraentingly (la-men'ting-li), adv. In a lament- 
ing manner; with lamentation. 
Lame's equation, function. See equation, 
function. 
lameskirting (lam'sker-ting), n. [< lame*-, r., 
+ skirt + -ingl.] In coal-mining, the cutting off 
of coal from the sides of underground roads in 
order to widen them. [North. Eng.] 
lameter, . See lamiter. 
lametta (Ia-met'a), . [It., dim. of It. lama, a 
plate of metal, < L. lamina, a thin piece of met- 
al, wood, etc. : see lame 3 , lamina.] Brass, sil- 
ver, or gold foil or wire. 
lamia (la'mi-a), n. [< L. lamia, < Gr. TiA/uu, a 
female demon (see def.).] 1. In Gr. and Bom. 
myth., an enticing witch, who charmed children 
and youths for the purpose of feeding on their 
blood and flesh, like the later vampire; a female 
demon ; hence, in general, a destroying witch 
or hag. 
Where's the lamia 
That tears my entrails ? 
Masmnger, Virgin-Martyr, iv. 1. 
A young prince goes a hunting. ... In the ardour of 
the chase, he becomes separated from his followers, and 
meets with a lamia or ogress. 
T. Warton, Hist. Eng. Poetry (ed. 1871), I. 310. 
2. ^cap.] Ineob'l.: (a) A Fabrician (1775) ge- 
nus of longicorn beetles, now the type of the 
family Lamiidce. L. a^dilis is a species the male 
of which has antennee four times as long as the 
body, (b) A genus of sharks: same as Lamna. 
Hisso, 1826. 
Lamiaceae (la-mi-a'se-e), n. pi. [NL., < Lami- 
um + -accai.] Lindley's name for the Labiata;. 
