landlady 
The circumstances of the landlady [Mrs. Bertram, wile 
of the laird) were pleaded to Mannering ... as an apol- 
ogy for her not appearing to welcome her guest. 
Scott, Guy Mannering, iii. 
3. The mistress of an inn or of a lodging-house 
or boarding-house. 
I have at any time a good lodging lor you, and my 
Landlady is none of the meanest, and her husband hath 
many good parts. HoweU, Letters, I. iii. 18. 
Landlady, count the lawin, 
The day is near the dawin. 
Burns, Landlady, Count the Lawin. 
land-leaguer (land'le"ger), n. A member of 
the Irish Land League. See league 1 . 
landleapert ( land 'le "per), n. [< ME. landleper 
(= D. Mndlooper, whence, in part, the E. var. 
landloper, = MLG. lantloper = MHG. lantlou- 
ftere, lantloufer, lantteufer, G. landlaufer = Dan. 
landlober) ; < land 1 + leaper, runner, i. e. wan- 
derer (of. loafer, from the G. form of the same 
word).] One who wanders about the country; 
a vagrant; a wanderer; a vagabond. Also land- 
loper. 
For he [Christ] ne is nouate in lolleres, ne in lande-leperes 
hermytes [vagabond hermits]. 
Piers Plowman (B), xv. 207. 
Wherfore these landleapers, Roges, and ignorant Asses 
which take vpon them without learning and practise do 
very euill. Lyte, Dodoens, p. 348. 
Alexander, Caesar, Trajan, Adrian, were as so many land- 
leapers, now in the east, now in the west, little at home. 
Burton, Anat. of Mel., p. 369. 
land-leech (land'lech), n. A terrestrial leech 
of the genus Hcemodipsa, about an inch long and 
very slender when not distended, found in pro- 
fusion in Ceylon. 
landler (lend'ler), n. [< G. landler (see def.).] 
A round dance of Styrian origin, in triple time, 
slower than the waltz. See Tyrolienne. 
landless (land'les), a. [< ME. *landles, < AS. 
landleds (= MLG. lantlos = MHG. landelos), 
without land, < land, land, + -leas, -less.] Des- 
titute of land ; having no property in land. 
Now, sir, young Fortinbras . . . 
Hath in the skirts of Norway, here and there, 
Shark'd up a list of landless resolutes. 
Shak., Hamlet, 1. 1. 98. 
Allegiance is the duty which each man of the nation 
owes to the head of the nation, whether the man be a 
landowner or landless. Stubbs, Const. Hist., 462. 
landlocked (land'lokt), a. 1. Almost shut in 
by land ; protected by surrounding land from 
the full force of the wind and waves : as, a land- 
locked harbor. 
Many a wide-lapped port and land-locked bay. 
WhiMier, The Panorama. 
Few sights are more striking than to see the huge mass 
of the amphitheatre at Pola seeming to rise at once out of 
the land-locked sea. E. A. Freeman, Venice, p. 112. 
2. Living in landlocked waters, or in any way 
shut off from the sea : as, a landlocked salmon. 
landloper (laud'16"per), n. [Also landlouper; 
a var. of landleaper (cf. lope, loup, var. of leap 1 ), 
due in part to D. landlooper = MLG. lantloper = 
MHG. lantloufaire, lantloufer, lantleufer, G. land- 
laufer = Dan. landlober, vagabond, = E. land- 
leaper.] One who wanders about the country: 
same as landleaper. 
He [Perkin Warbeck] had been from his childhood such 
a wanderer, or, as the king called him, such a landloper. 
Bacon, Hist. Hen. VII. 
Such Travellers as these may bee termed Landlopers, as 
the Dutchman saith, rather than Travellers. 
Howell, Forraine Travell (reprint, 1869), p. 67. 
You are known 
For Osbeck's son of Tournay, a loose runagate, 
A landloper. Ford, Perkin Warbeck, v. 3. 
A crowd of spectators, landlopers, mendicants, daily ag- 
gregated themselves to the aristocratic assembly. 
Motley, Dutch Republic, I. 646. 
landloping (land'lo'ping), a. Wandering; rov- 
ing; vagrant. 
It is nothing strange that these his landloping legats 
and nuncios haue their manifold collusions to cousen 
Christian kingdoms of their reuenues. 
UoKuslied, Hen. III., an. 1244. 
landlord (land'lord), n. [< ME. londetorde, 
*landloverd, < AS. landhldford, the owner of 
land, lord of a manor, also (poet.) the lord or 
ruler of a country, < land, land, + hlaford, lord: 
see lord."] 1. The lord of land or of a manor; 
one of whom land is held subject to the pay- 
ment or performance of rent or service ; the 
owner or holder of a tenement, to whom the 
tenant pays rent. 
Wert thou regent of the world, 
It were a shame to let this land by lease. . . . 
Landlord of England art thou now, not king. 
SAa*.,Rich. II.,ii. 1. US. 
2. The master or proprietor of an inn, or of 
a lodging-house or boarding-house ; a host. 
3344 
Landlord and Tenant Act, a British statute of 1870, 
also known as the Land Act, or Irish Land Act (33 and 34 
Viet., c. 46), regulating the relation of landlord and tenant 
in Ireland, and containing provisions intended to facili- 
tate the creation of a peasant proprietary by allowing ten- 
ants to purchase their holdings. 
landlordism (laud'lord-izm), n. [< landlord + 
-ism.] Action or opinion characteristic of land- 
lords; the authority exercised by landlords; 
the doctrine or principle of the supremacy of 
the landed interest. 
But in Ireland there would be a very serious danger of a 
landlordism far worse than that at present existing, if ev- 
ery petty proprietor should have power to become a petty 
landlord. Fortnightly Rev., N. S., XXXIX. 713. 
landlordryt (land'16rd-ri), n. [< landlord + 
-ry.'] The state or condition of a landlord; 
landlords collectively. 
Such pilfering slips of petty landlordry. 
Bp. Hall, Satires, v. L 
landlouper, landlouping (land'lou"per, -lou"- 
ping). Scotch or northern English forms of 
landloper, landloping. 
landlubber (land'lub"er), re. A person who, 
from want of experience, is awkward or lub- 
berly on board ship ; a raw seaman ; any one 
unused to the sea: a term of reproach or ridi- 
cule among sailors. 
landlubberly (land'lub'er-li), a. [< landlubber 
+ -ly 1 .] Having the ways of a landlubber; 
awkward on board ship from lack of experience. 
land-lurcht (land'lerch), v. t. To steal laud 
from. 
Hence countrie loutes land-lurch their lords. 
Warner, Albion's England, ix. 46. 
landmalet (land'mal), . [< land + male 2 = 
maifi.] A reserved rent or annual sum of 
money charged upon a piece of land by the 
chief lord of the fee or a subsequent mesne 
owner. Halliwell. 
landman (land'man), n. ; pi. landmen (-men). 
[< ME. landman, <J AS. landmann (= D. land- 
man = MHG. lantman, G. landmann, a native 
of the country, = Dan. landmand, a farmer), < 
land, land, country, + mann, man.] 1. A man 
who lives or serves on land : opposed to sea- 
man. 2. In Eng. law, a tenant or occupant of 
land; a terre-tenant. 3. A farmer or country- 
man. [Scotch.] 4. A landowner. [Scotch.] 
Bot k irk inrn 1 1 is cursit substance semis sweet 
Till land-men, with that leud burd-lyme are kyttit. 
Bannatyne, Poems, p. 199. 
landmark (land'mark), n. [< ME. "landmark, 
< AS. landmearc, also land-gemirce, lund-gemyrce 
(= Dan. landemcerke), the boundary of a coun- 
try, < land, land, + mearc, mark: see mark^."\ 
1. A boundary-mark to a tract of laud ; one of 
the fixed objects used to designate the limits 
of a farm, town, or other piece of territory, as 
monumental stones, marked trees, or ditches. 
Thou shalt not remove thy neighbour's landmark. 
Deut. xix. 14. 
Virtues and vices have not, in all their instances, a great 
landmark set between them, like warlike nations separate 
by prodigious walls, vast seas, and portentous hills. 
Jer. Taylor, Works (ed. 1836), II. 9. 
2. Any specific or prominent object marking 
a locality or historically associated with a lo- 
cality ; a hill, tree, house, or other feature of a 
landscape that may serve as<a guide; especial- 
ly, some object on land by which a locality may 
be recognized by persons at sea. 
There are no landmarks in space ; one portion of space 
is exactly like every other portion, so that we cannot tell 
where we are. Clerk Maxwell, Matter and Motion, art. iii. 
The gray mass of building crowning the little promon- 
tory is the only landmark seen above the green garden- 
land. B. Taylor, Lands of the Saracen, p. 48. 
3. Figuratively, a distinguishing characteris- 
tic, variation, or event; that which marks a 
turning-point; something that serves to distin- 
guish a particular period of time or point in pro- 
gress or transition : as, the landmarks of science 
or history. 
The close of the Crimean War is a great landmark in 
the reign of Queen Victoria. 
J. McCarthy, Hist. Own Times, xxix. 
land-marker (land'mar"ker), . An agricul- 
tural machine for marking out rows for plant- 
ing. E. H. Knight. 
land-mate t, . One who in harvest-time reaps 
with another on the same ridge of ground or 
land. Blount. [Prov. Eng.] 
land-measure (land'mezh"ur), n. 1. Measure- 
ment of land. 2. A denomination of square 
measure used in the mensuration of land. Land- 
measuresare either squares of linear units, as the are; or are 
fixed from the amount which can be plowed or otherwise 
attended to in a day, as the acre; or from the amount ne- 
cessary to sow a measure of seed, as the cahizada ; or from 
landscape 
the amount of yield, as the misura; or from the amount 
necessary for a house or farm, as the quarter-section. The 
table of ordinary English land-measures (used also in the 
United States and the British colonies) is as follows: 
, . Square Square Square Square 
Acre. Roods. jSjbal. Yards. Feet. Meters. 
1 = 4 = 160 = 4840 = 43560 = 4046.9 
1 = 40 = 1210 = 10890 = 1011.7 
1 = 30J = 272J = 26.29 
1 = 9 = 0.8361 
1 = 0.09290. 
land-measurer (land'mezh // ur-er), n. A person 
whose employment is to ascertain by measure- 
ment and computation the superficial extent of 
portions of land, as fields, farms, etc. 
land-measuring (land'mezh"ur-ing), . The 
art of determining by measurement and com- 
putation the superficial contents of pieces of 
land in acres, roods, etc. It is properly a subordi- 
nate branch of land-surveying, but the terms are sometimes 
used synonymously. It depends upon the formula for 
the area of a triangle in terms of its three sides, a, b, c, 
which is 
Jl/(o + 6 + c) (a + 6 c) (b + c a)(c + a 6). 
land-office (land'of'is), . See land office, under 
landl. 
Landolphia (lan-dol'fi-a), . [NL. (Palisot de 
Beauvois, 1804) : after Capt. iandoZpft. who 
commanded the expedition to Oware (Warif 
Guinea), where the plants were discovered.] A 
genus of tropical Old World climbing shrubs, of 
the natural order Apocynacea and tribe Carissece. 
The stamens are inserted near the base of the corolla-tube ; 
the corolla-lobes are narrow ; the fruit is a large berry ; the 
leaves are opposite and veiny ; the flowers are generally 
large and white or yellowish, in terminal cymes ; and the 
peduncles are produced into tendrils. Seventeen spe- 
cies have 'been reported from tropical and subtropical 
South Africa and Madagascar, possibly one from Ouiana. 
The genus has importance as a rubber-plant, L. forida. 
producing Mbungn rubber and L. Kurkii Matere rubber. 
The former of these species bears a sour fruit, which is 
eaten by the natives of the west coast of Africa, under the 
name of aboli. See india-rubber. 
land-otter (land'of'er), . Any ordinary otter 
of the subf amily Lutrinw, inhabiting rivers and 
lakes, as distinguished from the sea-otter, En- 
hydris marina. 
landowner (land'6"ner), n. An owner or pro- 
prietor of land. 
landownership (land'6"ner-ship), n. [< land- 
owner + -ship.] The state of being an owner 
of land ; proprietorship of land. 
But throughout Fran cediversities of climate, landowner- 
ship, and land tenure have left their mark. 
Edinburgh Rev., CLXVI. 280. 
land-owning (land 'owning), a. Holding or 
possessing landed estates ; pertaining to land- 
owners: as, the land-owning class. 
land-parer (land'par"er), n. A form of plow 
used to cut sods and turfs at a fixed depth be- 
low the surface. E. H. Knight. 
land-pike (land'pik), n. An American urodele 
batrachian, as a menopome, hellbender, or axo- 
lotl ; one of the creatures commonly described 
as "fish with legs." See cut under hellbender. 
land-pilot (land'pFlot), n. A guide in a jour- 
ney by land. [Bare'.'] 
To find out that, good shepherd, I suppose, 
In such a scant allowance of star-light, 
Would overtask the best land-pilot's art. 
Milton, Comus, 1. 809. 
land-pirate (land'pi'rat), n. 1. A highway 
robber. 2. One of a class of nyn in seaports 
who live by cheating or robbing sailors. 
land-plaster (land'plas"ter), . Eock-gypsum 
ground to a powder for use as a fertilizer. 
land-poor (land'por), a. Poor or in need of 
ready money while owning or holding much un- 
remunerative land; especially, poor because 
of the taxes and other maintenance charges 
against such land. 
land-rail (land'ral), n. The corn-crake, Crex 
pratensis: distinguished from loater^rail. 
land-rakert, A vagabond; a landloper. 
I am joined with no foot land-rakers, no long-staff, six- 
penny strikers. Shak., 1 Hen. IV., ii. 1. 81. 
landreeve (land'rev), . A subordinate officer 
on an estate who acts as an assistant to the 
land-steward. 
land-rent (land'rent), . Payment for the use 
of land. 
land-roll (land'rol), n. In agri., a heavy roller 
used for crushing clods and rendering the earth 
friable and smooth ; a clod-crusher. 
Landry's paralysis. See paralysis. 
landscape (land'skap), n. [An altered form of 
the earner huidskip (rarely lantschip, after the 
D. form ; no ME. form "landsMp appears) ; AS. 
landscipe, also landsceap (= OS. landskepi = D. 
landschap = MLG. laiitsclmp = OHG. lantscaf, 
