latescence 
3366 
lathe 
A small kiln consists of an oaken frame, lathed on every 
side. Mortimer. Husbandry. 
This obscuration can be conceived in every inilnite de- 
gree between incipient latetceivx and irrecoverable latency. 
Sir W. Hamilton. 1.^3 mth) l 
latescent(lil-tcs'ent),a. [<L. /'<.. ('-)"' j>i>r. lath-brick (lath'brik), . A kind of brick. 22 
of latescrre, lie hidden, < latere, lurk, lie hidden : i nc hes long and 6 inches broad, used in kilns 
see lull at. | liri'oiiiiiitf Intent or obscure; not t o dry malt on. Lath-bricks are so named 
obvious to perception or cognizance. from being used as a substitute for laths. 
It is too familiar to be notorious, lying, in fact, unex- lath-COOp (lath'kdp), n. Same as lath-pot. 
pressed and tatesceiU in every concrete appBoaUon. lath-CUtter (lath'kut'er), n. A power-machine 
latesome 1 (lat'sum), a. [< ME. latnome, < AS. lathe 1 (liiTH), . [< Icel. Iddh (ladh-),p\. ladhar, 
lii-tmiM, slow, late, < lat, late: see late 1 and _ Dan. lad, a smiths' lathe. Connection with 
-some.] Somewhat late ; backward. [Rare.] lathe 2 is improbable, unless Icel. Iddh stands 
latesome'-' (lat'sum), <(. [< ME. latesom, layt- f or or j g . 'hlodh; see lathe?.] I. A machine for 
mm, latxome, < AS. irltltxum, hateful, < wldtian, working wood, metals, or other substances by 
be disgusted. In the first sense now merged causing the material to turn with greater or less 
:_ i-_a :_ 4.1. . A *., =n ^ ;*!, !.,- B p ee( j ; according to the nature of the inate- 
nal and the work to be performed, before a 
tool which is held at rest relatively to the pe- 
ripheral motion of the object operated upon. 
Lathes are used for turning, cutting, chasing, filing, pol- 
ishing, screw-cuttlng, engraving, and shaping, a> In metal- 
spinning. They range In size from a Jewelers' lathe for 
polishing the finest metal-work, through the various wood- 
turning lathes, to the large machine-lathes for turning 
locomotive-wheels, and the heavy machines for polishing 
stone and marble columns for architectural purposes. 
The ancient potters' wheel is probably the prototype of the 
modern lathe. The common wood-turning lathe may be 
taken as a type of these machines. It consists essentially 
of the bed or main horizontal frame, the poppets, and the 
rest or support of the tool used in operating the lathe. 
The poppets can be moved into different positions and 
clamped on the bed, and form at the left the live or mov- 
ing head-stock, connected directly with the source of 
power, and at the right the dead or stationary head-stock, 
sometimes called tail-stock. The work or material is 
placed between these, and Is supported by a live-centre in 
the live head-stock and a dead-center in the dead head- 
stock ; and In the ordinary lathe the cutting is performed 
concentrically with the axis Joining these centers, the 
material being rotated by the live head-stock. By the 
in loatlmome; in the second confused with late- 
ly. Loathsome; hateful. 
But to here of f 'ristis pafwioun, 
To many a man It is ful laytsmn, 
MS. Alhmole, 00, f. 5. (HattiuxU.) 
Tiresome; tedious. [Prov. Eug.] 
2. 
He es swyft to speke on hys manere, 
And lat&ome and slawe for to here ; 
He prayses awide men and halcles thaim 
BampoU, MS. Bowes, p. 3.">. ( 
latest (la'test), a. [Superl. of late: see late 1 and 
lasts.] Last; final. 
Even he who long the House of Com-ns led, 
That hydra dire, with many a gaping head, 
Found by experience, to his lategt breath, 
Envy could only be subdu'd by death. 
Jen ' 
1,-inn::. Imit. of Horace's Epistle, L 1. 
latewaket (lat'wak), n. A corruption of like- 
witke. 
latewardt (lat'ward), a. [< late 1 + -ward.] 
Somewhat late ; belated ; backward. 
Lateward fruit Buloet. 
They deserue much more to be reprehended than I will 
vouchsafe to attempt in this my lateward treatise. 
Holinshed, Descrip. of Scotland, xill. 
If it should fall out so lateward a breaking vp of the rluer. 
Uakluyt's Voyages, I. 455. 
latex (la'teks), n. [L., a liquid, fluid, juice.] 
A milk-like liquid occurring m many plants in 
special vessels (called laticiferous, or some- 
times cinenchymatous), and exuding when the 
plant is wounded. It may be white, like that of the 
milkweeds and many species of Euphorbia; or yellow, as 
in the prickly poppy, Argemone ; or orange, as In celan- 
dine, Chelidonium. It consists of a watery fluid holding In 
solution small quantities of sugar, gum, alkaloid and acid 
matters, etc., and. suspended in this, numerous minute 
granules (giving the milky appearance) which coagulate 
when exposed to the air. It has sometimes an economic 
importance, as in the case of opium (the dried latex of the 
poppy) and of india-rubber. Latex-cells, latex-tubes, 
the vessels which contain latex. See laticiferous. 
lath 1 (lath), n. [< ME. lathe, latthe, laththe, 
prob. < AS. "lastMh, found only in the altered 
form Icett, pi. lattta, ME. latte, E. dial, lat = MD. 
latte, D. lat, a lath, = OHG. latta, lata, MHG. 
latte, late, lat, G. latte, lath, thin plate, = Sp. Pg. 
lata = F. latte, a lath, = It. latta = Pg. lata, tin- 
plate (see latten); akin to MHG. lade, laden, G. 
laden, a board, plank, sash, shutter (but prob. 
not to lathe 1 or fafAe 2 ). Hence ult. latten and 
lattice.] 1. A thin narrow strip of wood, used 
in building to form the groundwork for a roof 
or for the plastering of walls and ceilings. For 
the former purpose the laths are nailed to the rafters to 
support the tiling, slating, or other roof-covering. Laths 
for walls and ceilings, much narrower and thinner, are nail- 
ed to the studs, with small spaces between them, into 
which a part of the plaster sinks when applied, forming a 
key or hold for the remainder. Iron laths have been used 
in fire-proof buildings. See lathingi. 
Come and get thee a sword, though made of a lath. 
Shak., 2 Hen. VI., Iv. 2. 2. 
2f. The bow-part of a crossbow. 
Their bows are for form and length not unlike the lath 
of a large crosse-bow, made of the norns of Buffaloes. 
Sandy*, Travailes, p. 60. 
Dagger of lath. See dagger^. Lath and plaster, a 
wail-surface formed of laths plastered over; a slight par- 
tition formed of laths and plaster. 
I traced the blood [of the rats] . . . through the open- 
Ings in the lath and planter. 
Mayheie, London Labour and London Poor, III. 21. 
Lath floated and set fair, three-coat plaster-work in 
which the first coat is termed pricking up, the second 
floating, the third finishing. The last Is done with fine 
stuff. Lath laid and set, two-coat plaster-work, in 
which the first coat is called laying, and Is often scratched 
with a broom. Lath-sawing machine, a machine for 
sawing laths from the board, or directly from the bolt. 
The cylindrical log is mounted upon journals on gravitat- 
ing guide-bars and is rotated by rollers. The laths nrr 
sawed from its periphery by saws cutting rectangularly 
to each other. If. U. Knight. Lath-shaped crystals. 
See ophitic structure, under ophitic. Metallic lath. 
See lathingl. 
lath 1 (lath), v. t. [< lath 1 , n.] To cover or line 
with or as with laths. 
adjustment of the poppets on the bed the lathe may be 
adapted to receive different lengths of material. Usually 
the dead head-stock only is moved toward or away from 
the live head-stock in making this adjustment. Facing 
the work, and clamped to the bed between the poppets, 
Is the tool-rest, on which, in hand-turning, the tool rests 
as on a fulcrum at a point very near the work, being held 
in the working position by the hands of the turner, which 
grasp the outwardly projecting handle of the tool. Such 
a lathe Is 'driven at high speed, and the amount and char- 
acter of the turning are controlled by the workman who 
holds the tool on the tool-rest and before the work. The 
side-rest Is a movable tool-rest carrying an adjustable 
tool-stock or tool-post In which the tool is rigidly clamped. 
It slides on longitudinal guideways formed on the bed of 
the lathe, this movement being controlled by a screw and 
sometimes being automatic. The tool-rest may be double, 
presenting two tools, one on each side of the work, as in 
the duplex lathe. The tool may also be controlled by a 
templet or model, and shift Its position automatically, as 
in the lathe for turning irregular forms, the nulled-work 
lathe, spoke-lathe, and last-lathe, of which the Blanchard 
lathe is the original type. Iron-turning requires a much 
slower speed than brass-turning, and wood-turnlng a 
higher speed than brass. Large metal-lathes are said to 
be of large string ; that Is, the space between the centers 
and the ned is great, to admit of turning large objects. 
In one form of these machine-lathes an opening Is made 
in the bed to permit the work to turn or to give large 
swing, as In the gap-bed lathe. In many kinds of turning 
the dead head-stock Is not used, the material to be turned 
being attached to a lathe-chuck, or to a face-plate carried 
by the live head-stock. Lathes are nearly all described 
by their names, as beadwork-lathe, bution-latlu, foot-lathe, 
shafting-lathe, etc., the name sometimes referring to some 
feature of the construction, as the hollow mandrel lathe, 
and sometimes to the material or work, as the hat-ironing 
lathe. 
Could turn his word, and oath, and faith. 
As many ways as in a lathe. 
S. fuller, Hudibras, III. 11. 376. 
2. That part of a loom in which the reed is 
fixed, and by the movements of which the weft- 
threads are laid parallel to each other, shot 
after shot, in the process of weaving. According 
to the greater or less impulse of the lathe, the weft is 
laid more or less closely together hi the plane of the web. 
Also called txttten and lay. Beadwork-lathe, a lathe 
specially adapted or devoted to turning beadwork. 
Blanchard lathe, a lathe in which the tool-position is 
shifted by a pattern or model to turn irregular forms. 
Gun-stocks, ox-yokes, wagon-wheel spokes, shoe-lasts, cer- 
tain styles of carvings, columns, etc., are made in lathes 
working on this principle, the lathes taking their special 
names from the kind of work they perform, as spoke- 
lathe, last-lathe, gun-stock lathe, etc. This lathe is named 
from its original inventor, Thomas Blanchard of Massa- 
chusetts (1788-1864), who patented It in 1819, and subse- 
quently, with others, adapted it to a great variety of uses. 
Button-lathe, a kind of chuck-lathe used in manufac- 
turing buttons Car-wheel lathe, a doable lathe for 
turning off the rims of locomotive driving-wheels or car- 
wheels. It is so arranged that two wheels fitted on one 
axle may be turned together, or, when desirable, two 
wheels may be turned independently, as each face-plate 
can be driven separately. Compound lathe, a lathe for 
turning or engraving geometric forms ; a geometric lathe 
or rose-engine. Copying lathe, a form of lathe adapted 
for turning articles from a pattern on tin -rinciple of the 
Blanchard lathe. Cuttlng-off lathe, a lathe for cut- 
ting rods, bars, and pipes to length. The object to be cut 
Is passed through a collet at the rear end of the spindle, 
a concentric chuck holding It In front Duplex lathe, 
a lathe with two or more cutting-tools, so distributed 
Duple. Lath*. . 
, tool In front; . inverted tool mt back ; t. bed >nd fttpdanl; 
rf J, two compound slide-rests ; e, riirht-nnd-left screw for morlng 
the two slide-rests simultaneously to and from the center of the lathe. 
about the work as to balance the transverse pressure and 
avoid springing it. - Eccentric lathe, a lathe having a 
compound face-plate or sliding frame, and guides which 
present the object in such a way that the tool works an oval 
upon it Gap-bed lathe, a lathe having an opening In 
its bed to admit of turning objects of larger radius than 
would be possible with a continuous bed. Also called gap- 
lathe, break-lathe. Geometrical lathe, an instrument 
used by bank-note engravers, watch-case manufacturers, 
etc., to make complicated patterns of fine lines. It forms 
the stars, rosettes, ornamental borders, etc., on plates for 
bank-notes, designed as a precaution against counterfeit- 
ing. Also called nte^ngine. Gun-stock lathe. See 
Blanchard lathe. Hat-Ironing lathe, a lathe used for 
ironing hats. The hat-block Is chucked In the lathe, and 
the heated Iron is held against the nap while the block is 
turned. Hollow-mandrel lathe, a lathe In which ^he 
mandrel of the live bead-stock is hollow. It is much 
used for cutting screws upon, or for turning off the ends 
of long and slender rods, which are thrust through the 
hollow mandrel with the end of the rod which is to be 
turned projecting from the nose of the mandrel, and 
held In position for turning by a universal chuck or other 
suitable holder. See chuck* and mandrel. Parallel 
lathe, a small hand-machine for jewelers', watchmakers', 
Parallel I*athe. 
or dentists' use. It is arranged to run simultaneously, if 
desired, several grinding-wheels of different sires, a brush, 
a drill, etc. Koughlng-lathe, a lathe used by electro- 
typers as a substitute for a planer in " surfacing up " the 
backings of electrotypes preparatory to mounting them on 
wooden blocks. The plates are chucked upon a true face- 
plate attached to the mandrel of the lathe, with their print- 
ing-faces against the face-plate, and the backing-metal is 
turned off by a sharp cutting-tool controlled by a gage. 
The back surface is thus made parallel with the printing- 
surface, and the plate is reduced to the required thickness. 
Screw-cutting lathe, a lathe especially planned for 
cutting screws. Some examples of this type of lathe are 
adapted also for boring cylinders, for turning shafting, and 
for miscellaneous work. Same as screw-cutting machine. 
See erw. Sphere-turning lathe, a lathe adapted for 
turning objects to a true spherical shape. Wood-turn- 
ing lathe, a high-speed lathe the construction of which 
is specially adapted to wood-turning. It is the simplest 
form of lathe. The tools consist of a great variety of chisels 
and gouges of different widths, with long wooden handles, 
by which leverage is obtained upon the tool-rest as a ful- 
crum, for holding the tools firmly yet delicately with their 
cutting edges In proper relation with the material in the 
lathe. The same kind of lathe Is also used for turning Ivory, 
horn, bone, etc., the speed being regulated and the forms 
of the tools being varied to suit the nature of the materials. 
(See also Ixnch-lathe, carriny-lathe, center-lathe, chuck-lathe, 
column-lathe, gage-lathe.) 
lathe- (laTH), n. [Also laith ; < ME. lathe, < Icel. 
hladha = Dan. lade = Sw. lada, a barn, shed (in 
comp. Dan. bog-lade = Sw. bok-lada, bookstore), 
= G. laden, a booth, shop, stall, orig. ' store,'prob. 
from the verb represented by Icel. hladha = AS. 
hladnn,'E.laile, etc., load: seeladc 1 . Inthiscase 
the word is not connected with E. lathe 1 , and 
G. laden, a plank, board, sash, shutter, etc., 
lade, a box, chest, etc.: see lathe 1 .] A barn or 
granary. [Prov. Eng.] 
Al mot out, other late or rathe, 
AUe the sheves in the lathe. 
Chaucer, House of Fame, 1. 2140. 
The northern man writing to his neighbour may say 
My lathe standeth neere the kirke garth, for My barne 
standeth neere the church-yard. 
Coote, English Schoolemaster (lSl\ 
T maister's down I' t' fowld. Oo round by th' end o' t' 
laith, If ye want to spake to him. 
Emily Bronte, Wnthering Heights, U. 
lathe 3 (lath), n. [Also lath ; < ME. 'lathe (f), < 
AS. laith, leth, a district ; cf. Icel. leiilh, a levy; 
