lexicography 
Such is the fate of hapless lexicography that not only 
darkness, but light, impedes and distresses it : things may 
be not only too little but too much known, to be happily 
illustrated. Johnson, Pref. to Diet. 
lexicological (lek'si-ko-loj'i-kal), a. [< lexicol- 
oy.y + -ic + -al.] Pertaining to lexicology; re- 
lating to the science of words : as, lexicological 
studies - 27 li being equal to 10 miles. 
For every one of sixty-seven dialect centres, the author s rp ne chemical svmbol of li 
MfffeM '%%%gS%%rwi3r. Liabese (li-a'be-e), . pi. [NL. (Cassini, 1826), 
lexicologist (lek-si-kol'o-jist), n. [< lexieolog-y < Liabum (see def.) + ^.] A subtribe of com^ 
-I- -int.] One who is skilled in lexicology. 
lexicology (lek-si-kol'o-ji), . [< Gr. te$m6v, a 
lexicon, T -Aoyia, < Aeyciv, say: see -ology.] The 
3430 liard 
closely resemble Iherzolite in mineralogical composition, perfect freedom and liableness to act altogether at ran- 
See peridotite, Aom. Edwards, On the w ill, 11. Id. 
il (le), n. [Chin.] A Chinese weight, equal to Haget, [< OF. F. liage, a binding, < Her, 
the one thousandth part of a Hang or ounce, bind: see liable.] A league; an alliance. 
Ali < 
, 
science of words ; that branch of learning which 
treats of the forms, derivation, signification 
and relations of words. 
lexicon (lek'si-kon), . [= F. 
posite plants of the tribe Senecionidce, having 
the scales of the involucre imbricated in many 
series, the outer gradually shorter. It embraces 
five genera, of which Liabum is the type, all, with one ex- 
ception, natives of tropical America and Mexico. The 
group was treated by Endlicher, I)e Candolle, and other 
botanists as a division of the subtribe Pectidete under the 
tribe Vernoniaceai, a classification still followed by some 
authors. 
legend.] A'wordbook; a vocabulary; a col- 
lection of the words of a language, usually 
arranged alphabetically and defined and ex- 
plained ; a dictionary : now used especially of 
a dictionary of Greek or Hebrew. 
In the lexicon of youth which Fate reserves for a bright 
manhood, there is no such word as fail. 
Bvlwer, Richelieu, U. 2. 
=Syn. Dictionary, Glossary, etc. See vocabulary. 
lexiconist (lek'si-kon-ist), . [< lexicon + -ist.] 
A writer of a lexicon. Imp. Diet. [Rare.] 
lexigraphic (lek-si-graf'ik), a. [< lexigraphy 
+ -ic.] Pertaining to lexigraphy. 
lexigraphical (lek-si-graf'i-kal), a. [< lexi- 
graphic + -al.] Same as lexigra/ikic. 
lexigraphy (lek-sig'ra-fi), n. [(Cf. MGr. /Uf<- 
ypdi/Mf, equiv. to Acf ocoypd^of : see lexicogra- 
pher) < Gr. /Uf ic, a word (see lexicon), + -ypa- 
0i'o, < ypafyetv, write.] The art or practice of 
defining words. [Rare.] 
lexiphanic (lek-si-fan'ik), a. [< Gr. ~/.ei<pdvK, 
a phrasemonger (found only as a proper name), 
< /Uf<f, a speech, word (see lexicon), + jOivecv, 
show.] Bombastic; turgid; inflated. Camp- 
bell. 
lexiphanicism (lek-si-fan'i-sizm), n. [< lexi- 
phanic + -ism.] The habit of using a pom- 
pous or turgid style in speaking or writing. 
Campbell. 
ley 1 !, v. An obsolete form of lay 1 . 
ley' 2 , n. An obsolete or dialectal form of lea 1 , 
lay, and lyc s . 
ley 3 (la), n. [Sp., lit. law, < L. lex (leg-), law: 
see tow 1 and allay 2 , alloy.] Yield; produce; 
assay-value. 
The costs of the Haciendas amount to 801,654 dollars; the 
produce, or ley, of each cargo averages 11 J T , dollars. 
Ward's Mexico, II. 611. 
Ley de oro, percentage of gold contained in silver bullion. 
Ley de Plata, quantity of silver which the ore con- 
tains. De buena ley, of superior quality : said of ores. 
ley 4 , n. See tea 3 . 
Leyden jar, Leyden vial. See jar 3 . 
tingent resp< 
is or may be required: as, the liability of a 
principal for his agent's acts. In this sense, in 
law, it is sometimes used as including, and sometimes 
as excluding, contingent demands and unliquidated dam- 
ages. 
2. The state of being liable incidentally or by 
chance ; exposure to that which is possible or . 
probable; tendency; susceptibility: as, liabil- liang (lyang), n. 
ity to accident or contagion; a physician's lia- ' lel - As used in c 
bilityto broken rest. 3. That for which one is 
liable; that to which one is bound or exposed; 
a fixed or contingent obligation : as, to incur or 
assume a heavy liability (as for the payment of 
an intimacy ; entanglement ; commonly, an il- 
licit intimacy between a man and a woman. 
He had liaisons with half the ladies in Rome. 
Froude, Casar, p. 633. 
2. In the French language, the linking or join- 
ing in pronunciation of a final consonant, usu- 
ally silent, to the succeeding word when that 
begins with a vowel : for example, vans (vo) and 
avez, when coming together, are pronounced vi> 
zava. 3. In cookery, a thickening, generally of 
beaten eggs, intended to combine or amalga- 
mate the ingredients of a dish, 
iana, liane (li-an'a, li-an'), w. [< F. liatie, a 
climbing or twining tropical plant, < lier, bind: 
see liable.] A general name for the climbing anil 
twining plants in tropical forests which wind 
themselves round the stems of trees, often over- 
topping them and passing to other trees, or 
descending again to the ground. 
Cliffs all robed in lianas thatdropt to the brink of his bay. 
in.] A Chinese ounce or 
ied In commerce, it is one third heavier than 
the ounce avoirdupois, but the old standard was 579.84 
grains troy ; 16 liang make 1 kin or pound. (Sec catty.) It 
is divided into tenths called tsien (or mace), into hun- 
dredths called fun (or candareen\ and into thousandths 
See tael. Also spelled leang. 
called K. 
a debt or the performance of a service); the as- liar (li'ar), [Prop., as 
sets and liabilities of a bankEmployers' Liabil- **ff m ? d ' - E " also ly . er : 
ity Act. See employer. Individual liability, personal 
liability of one or more as individuals, as distinguished from 
official liability, as the liability of an executor, for instance, 
or as distinguished from the liability of a corporation of 
which persons are members, and for the debts of which they 
or some of them may become individually liable. Limited 
liability, a principle of modern statute law, whereby, un- 
der certain conditions, participants in a partnership, joint- 
stock company, or other undertaking are held liable for 
joint debts or responsibilities only to the extent of their 
personal interest therein, or to such further extent as the 
law may prescribe, instead of to the full extent of their in- 
dividual means, as at common law. 
liable (H'a-bl), a. [Not found in ME., being 
appar. a mod. formation, perhaps first in legal 
use; it is not clear whether it is a mere E. for- 
mation, < lie 1 + -able, meaning 'lying open' to 
obligation (cf. inclinable, < incline), or < OF. as 
if "liable, < ML. as if "ligabilis, < L. ligare (> F. 
fiT6j tyfiTC^ 
legh'ere, leigher, etc., < AS. ledgere (= Icel. Iju- 
gari) (cf. equiv. D. leugenaar = MLG. logenere 
= OHG. lugindri, lukindri, MHG. liigcncere, G. 
liigner = Dan. Idgner = Sw. lognare, of diff. 
formation: see lain 3 ), a liar, < lepijan, lie: see 
lie 2 and -ar 1 , -er 1 .] One who lies; a person 
who knowingly utters falsehood ; one who de- 
ceives by false report or representation. 
The messenger was faule y-schent, 
And oft y-cleped fonle leigher. 
Arthour and Merlin, p. 95. 
Shall I tell you a lie? I do despise a liar as I do de- 
spise one that is false. Shak., M. W. of W., i. 1. 69. 
And she to be coming and slandering me ; the base little 
liar! Tennyson, The Grandmother. 
The liar IGr. i//tuMne"os], a Megaric sophism or logical 
puzzle, arising from the question whether a man who says 
he is lying is truly lying or lyingly telling the truth. 
v-l'-l T. J,'O -KT 1 *-VT1 "* * V' H 9 J i J*"B *" *J * _ . 
her), bind : see hgament, hen*. No such Ol . or ii ar fll (H ' Srd), a. and n. [Also (Sc. ) liart, ly- 
< ME'. Hard, < OF. liard, liart, liairt = It. 
ML. form has been found.] 1. Bound in law or 
equity; responsible; answerable: as, the surety 
is liable for the debt of his principal. 
To Bridewell, to see the pressed men, where there are 
about 300, . . . kept these three days prisoners, with little 
or no victuals, and pressed out, and, contrary to all course 
of law, without press-money, and men that are not liable 
to it. Pepys, Diary, II. 407. 
A corporation is liable like an individual for its torts. 
Amer. Cyc., XV. 809. 
2. Having an aptitude or tendency; subject; 
Described by or namel after F. Le'y- exposed as to the doing or occurring of some- 
!_;_ _..;i--.: J _ i i 100, . _ thing evil, injurious, or erroneous: as, we are 
dig, a German zoologist, born 1821 Leydigian 
organs, the antennal sense-organs of insects, minute sacs 
inclosed in membrane and communicating with branches 
of the antennal nerves, sometimes prolonged externally as 
papillae : regarded by Leydig as organs of smell, by others 
as auditory organs. Lefebre and Gerstacker support Ley- 
dig's view of their function. 
leyeM, Ieye 2 t, etc. See ley 1 , etc. 
leyelondt, An obsolete form of lealand. 
leyert, n. An obsolete spelling of layer. 
ley-pewter, . Inferior pewter made for large 
vessels, having more lead and less tin than the 
superior qualities. 
leysert, . A Middle English form of leisure. 
leystallt, See laystall. 
leytt, n. See lait 1 . 
leyvret, '* Same as layer. 
leze-majesty, . See Use-majesty. 
L. E. In musical notation, an abbreviation for 
left hand. 
L. H. D. An abbreviation of the Latin (New 
Latin) Litterarum humaniormn doctor, 'doctor 
of the more humane letters' that is, of the 
humanities or of learning: a degree conferred 
by universities. 
Iherzolite (ler'zo-lit), n. [< Lhera (see def.) 
f Gr. Wof, stone : see -lite.] A crystalline ag- 
gregate of plivin, enstatite, and diallage, with 
some picotite: a rock occurring about Lake 
Lherz and in the adjacent regions in the French 
Pyrenees. It has also been found in various other lo- 
calities in Europe and North America. Some meteorites 
constantly liable to accidents ; your plans are 
liable to defeat. 
He here openly avouches, in a manner that is scarce lia- 
ble to exception. Bacon, Physical Fables, ii. Expl., note. 
Yet, if my name were liable to fear, 
I do not know the man I should avoid 
So soon as that spare Cassius. 
Shak.,]. C., i. 2. 199. 
Proudly secure, yet liable to fall 
By weakest subleties. Hilton, S. A., 1. 55. 
Public conventions are liable to all the infirmities, fol- 
lies, and vices of private men. 
Sutyt, Nobles and Commons, v. 
3f. Subordinate; subject. 
All that we upon this side the sea . . . 
Find liable to our crown and dignity, 
Shall gild her bridal bed. 
Shale., King John, ii. 1. 490. 
Though they were objects of his sight, they were not 
liable, to his touch. Addison, Spectator, No. 66. 
4f. Fit; suitable. 
Finding thee fit for bloody vfflany, 
Apt, liable, to be employ'd in danger, 
I faintly broke with thee of Arthur's death. 
Shak., K. John, iv. 2. 226. 
= Syn. 2. Incident, Subject, Likely, etc. (see incident); Apt, 
Likely, etc. (see apt). 
liableness (li'a-bl-nes), n. The state of being 
liable; liabilifv. 
art; 
leardo (ML. liardus), gray, dapple-gray; as a 
noun, a gray horse.] I. a. 1. Gray or dapple- 
gray: applied to a horse. 
This cartere thakketh his hors upon the croupe. . . . 
"That was wel twight, myn owenefyard boy." 
Chaucer, Friar's Tale, 1. 265. 
Stedis stabillede in stallis, 
Lyarde and sore [sorrel]. 
MS. Lincoln, A. i. 17, f. 130. (Hattiwell.) 
2. Gray : applied generally. 
Twa had manteeles o' dolefu' black, 
But ane wi' lyart linin'. Burns, Holy Fair. 
II. n. 1. A dapple-gray horse. 
He liste adown of lyard, and ladde hym in his hande. 
Piers Plowman (B), xvil. 64. 
3. The color gray or dapple-gray. 
Colours nowe to knowe attendeth ye : 
The baye is goode coloure, and broune purpure, 
The lyarde and the white and browne is sure. 
Palladius, Husboudrie (E. E. T. S.), p. 133. 
[Obsolete or Scotch in all uses.] 
liard 2 (liar), n. [F., < OF. liar, Hard, liars, a 
small piece of money.] A small coin formerly 
current in France, from the fifteenth century, 
"worth three deniers, or the fourth part of a 
Sol." It was originally utruck in silver, and afterward, 
from the reign of Louis XIV., in copper. The specimen 
illustrated weighs about 64 grains. 
The tacamahac, or balsam- 
Now let it be considered what this brings the noble i z> 7 *,.7 n f , r, TJ 
principle of human liberty to, particularly when it is poplar, Popnli(s balsa mi/era, of northern North 
possessed and enjoyed in its perfection, viz. a full and America. [Canada.] 
