Libellulinae 
Libellulinae (11-bel-u-li'ne), . pi. [NL.,< Libel- 
lula + -ina:] A subfamily of LibellulidtK : same 
as Libelluliita (6). 
libelluline (11-bel'u-lin), a. Of or pertaining 
totheLibellulina; resembling a dragon-fly. See 
cut under dragon-fly. 
libelous, libellpus (H'bel-us), . [< libel + 
-oits.] Containing a libel; of the nature of a 
libel; defamatory; containing that which ex- 
poses to public hatred, contempt, or ridicule : 
as, a libelous picture. 
It was the most malicious surmise that had ever been 
brewed, howsoever countenanced by a libellous pamphlet. 
Sir ft. Wottan. 
libelously, libellously (H'bel-us-li), adv. In a 
libelous manner. 
liber 1 (li'ber), n. [< L. liber, the inner bark of 
a tree (cf. Gr. /Ujn'f, a scale: see lepis), also, be- 
cause such bark was once used for writing on 
(cf. book as related to beech, and paper as re- 
lated to papyrus), a writing consisting of sev- 
eral leaves, a book, a division of a book. Hence 
library, etc.] 1. In bot., the inner bark of ex- 
3432 
liberate 
last being the characteristic element. Also called bast and 
endophloeum. See bagti, 2, and bark%, 1. 
2. A book: used in English especially with ref- 
erence to the books in which deeds, mortgages, 
wills, and other public records are kept. Ab- 
breviated 1. and lib. 
liber 2 (li'ber), . [Origin obscure.] See the 
quotation. 
The roily horses have a peculiar kind of shafts, common- 
ly made of iron, named libers, the purpose of which is to 
prevent the carriage from overrunning them. 
Ure, Diet., III. 333. 
Liber 3 (li'ber), n. [L.] An ancient Italic divin- 
ity presiding over vineyards and wine: later 
identified by the Romans with the Greek Bac- 
chus. 
liberal (lib'e-ral), a. and n. [< ME. liberal, < 
OF. liberal, F.' liberal = Sp. Pg. liberal = It. 
liberale, < L. ttberalis, befitting a freeman, < 
liber (OL. *loeber, loebes), free; akin to libet, it 
pleases, Gr. Kmreiv, desire, Skt. / lubh, desire, 
AS. leaf, dear, hifian, love: see lief. love*, 
leaved 1 
are ult 
livers 
a freeman 
free r _ ; __ m 
of wide or ample range or extent; not nar- II. n. 1. A person of liberal principles ; one 
rowly limited or restricted; expanded; com- who believes in liberal reforms, or advocates 
prehensive: as, a liberal education ; the liberal intellectual, political, or religious liberty. 2. 
arts or professions ; liberal thought or feeling; [cap.'] Specifically, a member of a Liberal par- 
liberal institutions ; a liberal policy in govern- ty in politics. 
ful; munificent; magnanimous: followed by 
with or of before the thing bestowed, and to 
before the recipient: as, a liberal donor; to be 
liberal with one's money; to be liberal to an liberalist (lib'e-ral-ist), n. 
opponent in debate. 
Where you are liberal of your loves and counsels, 
Be sure you be not loose. Shak., Hen. VIII., ii. 1. 126. 
Nature had been . . . liberal of personal beauty to her. 
Goldsmith, The Bee, No. 2. 
Pure is the nymph, though liberal of her smiles. 
Couyer, Task, iii. 712. 
Once more the liberal year laughs out 
O'er richer stores than gems or gold. 
Whittier, An Autumn Festival. 
4. Freely bestowed or yielded; marked by 
bounty or abundance ; generous; ample: as, a 
liberal donation; a liberal harvest or flow of 
water; to make a liberal concession or admis- 
sion. 
But the liberal deviseth liberal things ; and by liberal 
things shall he stand. Isa. xxxii. 8. 
His wealth doth warrant a liberal dower. 
Shot., 1 Hen. VI., T. 5. 46. 
5. Free in character or quality ; candid; open; 
unrestrained; unchecked; licentious. [Obso- 
lescent.] 
For a tongue euer lyberall nourisheth folly. 
Babees Book (E. E. T. 8.), p. 106. 
Whether they cast any liberall lookes towards any of 
the Kings women. Purchas, Pilgrimage, p. 863. 
Who hath, Indeed, most like a liberal villain, 
Confess'd the vile encounters they have had 
A thousand times in secret. 
Shak., Much Ado, iv. 1. 93. 
Liberal Christianity, liberal theology, the doctrinal 
views respecting Christianity entertainedby liberal Chris- 
tians. Liberal Christians, a general name assumed by 
certain Protestantdenominations, especially thellnitarians 
and Universalists, who dissent from the principal tenets 
of what are commonly called the orthodox denominations. 
Liberal party, a party united in advocacy of measures 
of progressive reform. As a distinctive designation in 
British politics, the name was adopted by the Whig party 
about 1830, to denote the body formed by the addition to 
their party of the Radicals. From that time it has been 
the name assumed by and usually given to that party 
which, in opposition to the Conservative party, has spe- 
cifically devoted itself to the promotion of measures of pro- 
gress and reform. Liberal Union, in German politics, a 
party consisting of National Liberals who, chiefly because 
The effects of their [the Peelites'J separation from offi- 
cial Liberalism . . . were early traceable. 
Gladstone, Gleanings, I. 127. 
[< liberal + -ist.] 
A liberal. 
liberalistic (Hb"e-ra-lis'tik), a. [< liberalist + 
-ie.] Relating to or characterized by liberal- 
ism; conforming to liberal principles, espe- 
cially in politics. 
liberality (lib-e-ral'i-ti), n. ; pi. liberalities (-tiz). 
[< ME. liberalite, <'OF. liberalite, F. liberalite 
= Sp. liberalidad = Pg. liberalidade = It. libe- 
ralitd, < L. liberalita(t-)s, away of thinking be- 
fitting a freeman, generosity, < liberalis, befit- 
ting a freeman: see liberal.] 1. The quality 
of being liberal in thought or opinion ; largeness 
of mind ; catholicity ; impartiality : as, liberal- 
ity in religion or politics ; he treats his oppo- 
nent's views with great liberality. 
Many treat the gospel with indifference under the name 
of liberality. J. Jf. Mason. 
2. Freeness in imparting or yielding; dispo- 
sition to i give or concede ; generosity; bounty; 
magnanimity : as, liberality in one's donations 
or concessions. 
Amonge the comyns welth and Concorde, 
And that our ryche men may vse lyberalyte. 
Joseph of Arimathie (E. E. T. S.X p. 51. 
In a bishop great liberality, great hospitality, actions in 
every kind great are looked for. 
Hooker, Eccles. Polity, vii. 24. 
3. An expression or manifestation of generos- 
ity ; that which is generously given. 
Over and beside 
Signior Baptista's liberality, 
I'll mend it with a largess. 
Shak., T. of the S., t 2. 150. 
A little before the Lord sent this rain of liberalities upon 
his people. If. Morton, New England's Memorial, p.. 99. 
= Syn. Bounty, Generosity, etc. (see beneficence), bountiful- 
ness ; toleration, candor. 
liberalization (lib"e-ral-i-za'shgn), n. [< liber- 
alize + -ation.] The act or process of liberaliz- 
ing or making liberal. Also spelled liberalisa- 
tion. 
The end of education is the formation and liberalisation 
of character. The Academy, No. 875, p. 88. 
ment ; a liberal interpretation or estimate. 
So wonderful were the graces of Solomon that they over- 
came the highest expectation, and the Kberalest belief. 
Bp. Hall, Contemplations, xvii. 6. 
To love her [Lady Elizabeth Hastings] was a liberal edu- 
cation. Steele, Tatler, No. 49. 
Now the perfection of man as an end and the perfec- 
tion of man as a mean or instrument are not only not the 
same, they are in reality generally opposed. And as these 
two perfections are different, so the training requisite 
for their acquisition is not identical, and has, accordingly 
been distinguished by different names. The one is styled 
liberal, the other professional education the branches 
Most of those who now pass as Liberals are Tories of a 
new type. H. Spencer, Man vs. State, p. 1. 
Constitutional Liberals, in Spanish politics, a party com- 
posed of former Republicans, who, under the leadership 
of Sefior Sagasta, became supporters of the monarchical 
constitution established after the restoration of the Bour- 
bon monarchy in Spain in 1874. German Liberals, in 
German politics, a party of moderate Liberals, opposed to 
the policy of Prince Bismarck, formed in 1884 by the union 
of the Progressist party (Fortschritts-partei)with the Lib- 
judice: as, to liberalize the institutions of a 
country. 
Grand, swelling sentiments of liberty I am sure I do not 
despise. They warm the heart, they enlarge and liberal- 
ize our minds ; they animate our courage in a time of con- 
flict. Burke, Rev. in France. 
Some acquaintance with foreign and ancient literatures 
has the liberalizing effect of foreign travel. 
LoweU, Books and Libraries. 
II. intrans. To become liberal. [Rare.] 
After the rejection of the exclusive feature of the origi- 
nal plan, Mrs. Munger had liberalised more and more. 
Howetti, Annie Kilburn, xvi. 
Also spelled liberalise. 
era! Union - National Liberals, in German politics a. liberalizer (lib'e-ral-I-zer), n. One who or that 
party which, before the creation of the German empire in , V I,;M, v,o-oiw , V = liT^ A1=, 
1871, advocated, along with progressive measures of re- 
form, the completion of governmental unity in Germany. 
" >se persons who, though of 
support of the later pol- 
which liberalizes, or makes liberal. Also spell- 
ed liberaliser. 
Archery, cricket, gun and nshing-rod, horse and boatt 
are all educators, liberalizers. Emerson, Culture. 
fore becoming a free brother of the guild which passes 
the torch of life from age to age. 
Lowell, Among my Books, 1st ser., p. 177. 
2. Free in views or opinions; expansive in 
The study of them [the classics] is fitly called a liberal Liberal-Conservative (liMe-ral-kon-ser'va- liberally (lib'e-ral-i), adv. In a liberal man- 
education, because it emancipates the mind from every tiv), a. and. I. a. In Great'Bri'tainrbeloneiriir ner. () With a liberal scope or range ; without nar- 
to that wing or portion of the Conservative party rowne98 or prejudice ; impartially; freely. (6) With a 
which is most nearly in accord with the Liber- dom'; lictntiouSy nt ' 
als; occupying a position mid way between that Liberal-Unionism (liMe-ral-u'nyqn-izm), n. 
of the average Liberal and that of the average The political attitude or opinions of the Liberal- 
Conservative. Unionist-party. 
,. ~ T * ' f^ . r~, . * * -, " i^ " ' 'f" L V "- f-' CLal pal I, V 111 \J<lctU UnbttUI WU112U AiUUJ J.OOU, 
row conservatism or undue restriction: as, a Ltberahs,< Liber, Bacchus: see Libert] An an- refusing to concur in Mr. Gladstone's policy 
liberal thinker; a liberal Christian; a liberal cient Roman festival celebrated annually on of conceding home rule to Ireland, advocated 
statesman; the Liberal party (in the politics of March 17th, in honor of Liber and Libera. *> *-* *u_ i__-_i.^ 1= / ,om 
some countries). liberalisation, liberalise, etc. See liberaliza- 
It was a Scotchman, Buchanan, who first brought liberal ti n > tc. 
the maintenance of the legislative union of 1801 
essentially unimpaired, and therefore, from the 
importance they attached to the Irish question, 
. ' 
0. W. Holmes, A Rhymed Lesson, especially in matters of religion or politics. 
A Liberal leader here in England is. on the other hand 2> Specifically, the political principles of a Lib- 
a man of movement and change, called expressly to the erft l party. 
task of bringing about a modern organisation of society. The function of Liberalism in the past was that of put- 
M. Arnold, Nineteenth Century, XIX. 052. ting a limit to the powers of kings. The function of true 
3. Free in bestowal or concession : eenerouslv ?"*"* in ,^ e , f ? ture wiu be that of P"""^ "m't to 
inclined ; ready to impart or best'ol- ; bounti^ ^ P WCT8 ' Par " am Ts TO Man vs. State, P . 1W . 
< L. liberntiis, pp. of liberare 
lp. Pg. librar = F. lirrer), set 
ppr. liberating. 
( > It. liberare = 
free, deliver, < liber, free : see liberal. Cf . lire r$, 
livery 2 , delivery.] 1. To set free; release from 
restraint or bondage; deliver: as, to liberate a 
slave or a prisoner; to liberate the mind from 
the shackles of prejudice. 
