liberate 
It Is an uneasy lot ... to he present at this great spec- 
tacle of life and never be liberated from a small, hungry 
shivering self. Klint, Middleware!!, I. 307. 
At last and forever I am mine and God's, 
Thanks to his liberating angel Death 
Never again degraded to be yours. 
Urowninij, King and llook, I. 138. 
2. To disengage ; separate from something 
else: as, to liberate a gas from a solid. =8yn. 1. 
Enfranchvte, Manumit, etc. (see emancipate); Release, etc. 
(see dwengage); disenthrall, ransom, discharge, let go, turn 
loose. 
liberate (lib'e-rat), . [< ML. Uberata, delivery, 
livery: see livery^.] In ot/t I'.'HI/. Inw, a writ is- 
sued out of Chancery for the payment of pen- 
sions and similar royal allowances ; also, a writ 
issued to the sheriff for the delivery of land 
and goods taken upon forfeits of recognizance. 
Liberate roll, the account kept In the old English 
exchequer of pensions and other allowances of money 
made under the great seal. 
liberation (lib-e-ra'shon), n. [< F. liberation 
= Sp. liberacion = Pg. liberaySo = It. liberazi- 
one, < L. liberatio(n-), a freeing, < liberare, pp. 
liberatus, set free: see liberate, v.] The act of 
liberating or setting free; deliverance from 
restraint or confinement ; enlargement ; disen- 
gagement, as from constraint or obligation, or 
from mixture: as, liberation from prison or from 
debt; the liberation of a country from tyranni- 
cal government ; the liberation of a gas. 
liberationism (lib-e-ra'shon-izm), n. [< libera- 
tion + -ism.] In British politics, the principles 
or opinions of the liberationists. Quarterly Rev., 
CLXII. 8. 
liberationist (lib-e-ra'shon-ist), re. [< libera- 
tion + -ist.] In British politics, one who is in 
favor of the disestablishment of the Church. 
The object of the Liberationists Is sufficiently transpa- 
rent. If the maintenance of the Established Church could 
be identified with the supremacy, its fall might be assured 
with the collapse of one political party. 
Quarterly Rev., CLXII. 8. 
liberator (lib'e-ra-tor), . [= F. liberateur = 
Sp. Pg. Iiberad'or= It. liberaiore, < L. liberator, 
one who sets free. < liberare, pp. liberatus, set 
free: see liberate.] One who liberates or de- 
livers; a deliverer. 
He I ill li'.r was the great reformer and liberator of the 
European intellect. Buckle, Civilization, II. 584. 
liberatory (lib'e-ra-to-ri), a. [= F. liberatoire; 
as liberate + -ory.] lending to liberate or set 
free. [Rare.] 
Liberian (li-be'ri-an), a. and n. [< Liberia (see 
def.) (< L. liber, free) + -an.] I. a. Pertaining 
or relating to Liberia, a country on the western 
coast of Africa, colonized with liberated Afri- 
cans by the American Colonization Society (be- 
ginning in 1822), and made a republic in 1847. 
II. n. An inhabitant of Liberia. 
liberomotor (lib'e-ro-mo'tor), . [Irreg. < L. 
liberare, free (see liberate), '+ motor, a mover.] 
Disengaging or setting free motor energy, as a 
nervous ganglion : correlated with recipiomotor 
and diriiiomotor. See motor, a. 
libertarian (lib-er-ta'ri-an), a. and n. [< lib- 
ert(y) + -arian.] I. a. Of or pertaining to lib- 
erty, or to the doctrine of the freedom of the 
will (especially in an extreme form), as opposed 
to the doctrine of necessity; advocating the 
doctrine of free will : opposed to necessitarian. 
I believe he [Dr. Alex. Crombie, author of an essay on 
philosophical necessity] may claim the merit of adding 
the word libertarian to the English language, as Priestley 
added that of "necessarian." Reid, Correspondence, p. 88. 
The "power of acting without a motive," which Reid 
and other writers, on what used to be called the Liberta- 
rian side, have thought it necessary to claim. 
H. Sidgicick, Mind, XHI. 407. 
II. n. One who maintains the doctrine of the 
freedom of the will (especially in an extreme 
form): opposed to necessitarian. 
Though Libertarians contend that it Is possible for us 
at any moment to act contrary to our formed character 
and previous custom, still they and Determinists alike 
teach that it is much less easy than men commonly Ima- 
gine to break the subtle unfelt trammels of habit. 
a. Sidgirick, Methods of Ethics, p. 49. 
libertarianism (lib-er-ta'ri-an-izm), n. [< K6- 
ertariim + -ism.] The principles or doctrines of 
the libertarians. H. Kidi/tricl,; Mind, XLI. 144. 
liberticide 1 (lib'er-ti-sid or li-ber'ti-sid), n. [= 
F. liberticide = Sp. liberticida, < L. liberta(t-)s, 
liberty, + -cida, (ccedere, kill.] A destroyer of 
liberty. 
His country's pride 
The priest, the slave, and the liberticide, 
Trampled and mocked with many a loathed rite. 
Shelley, Adonais, st. 4. 
liberticide 2 (lib'er-ti-sid or li-ber'ti-sid), . [< 
L. liberta(t-)x, liberty, + -cidium, < ca'dere, kill.] 
Destruction of liberty. 
3433 
The principles of Christian morality and Christian phi- 
lanthropy were violated in the maxims of liberticide which 
guided the dominant politics of the country. 
Whipple, Starr King. 
libertinage (lib'er-tin-Sj), . [< F. libertinage; 
as liber tinf + -aye.] 1. The character or be- 
lief of a libertine or free-thinker; laxity of 
opinion. 
A growing libertinaye, which disposed them to think 
slightly ol the Christian faith. H'arburtun, Works, IX. xliL 
2. The conduct of a libertine or debauchee. 
Some fourteen years of squalid youth, 
And then libertinaye, disease, the grave- 
Hell In life here, hereafter life In hell. 
Browning, Ring and Book, I. 159. 
libertine (lib'er-tin), . and a. [= F. libertin 
= Sp. Pg. It. libcrtino, < L. libertinus, a freed- 
man, prop, adj., of or belonging to the condi- 
tion of a freedman, < libertus, a freedman, < 
liber, free: see liberal, liberate, v. In the later 
senses (4-7) the word logically depends on 
liberty, liberal.] I. . 1. In Rom. hist., a freed- 
man ; a person manumitted or set free from le- 
gal servitude. 
By vertue of an act granted out of the senat, the liber- 
tines (1. e. the sonnes of freed-men) were enrolled into the 
foure tribes of the cltie. Holland, tr. of I ,l\ y. p. 1210. 
2. A member of a Jewish synagogue mentioned 
in Acts vi. 9, probably composed of descen- 
dants of Jewish freedmen who had been ex- 
pelled from Eome by Tiberius, and had returned 
to Palestine. 
Then there arose certain of the synagogue, which is 
called the synagogue of the Libertines, . . . disputing 
with Stephen. Acts vi. 9. 
3f. A freeman of an incorporate town or city. 
And used me like a fugitive, an Inmate of a town, 
That is no city libertine, nor capable of their gown. 
Chapman, Iliad, xvL 
4. One who is free from or does not submit to 
restraint; one who is free in thought and action. 
When he speaks, 
The air, a charter'd libertine, is stllL 
Shale., Hen. V., L 1. 48. 
And though Rubens In his History is too much a Liber- 
tine In this respect, yet there is In this very place, which 
we now describe, much truth in the habit of his principal 
Figures, as of King Henry the Fourth, the Queen, her Son, 
the 3 Daughters, and the Cardinal. 
Lister, Journey to Paris, p. 39. 
5f. One who holds loose views with regard to 
the laws of religion or morality; an irreligious 
person ; a free-thinker. 
The second sort of those that may be justly nnmber'd 
among the hinderers of Reformation are Libertines; these 
suggest that the DUclpline sought would be Intolerable. 
Milton, Reformation in Eng., L 
6. [cop.] A member of a pantheistic, antinomi- 
an sect which existed about 1530 in France 
and neighboring countries. The Libertines main- 
tained that God alone exists, and that there is no distinc- 
tion between right and wrong, since man, in obeying his 
own impulses, obeys Ood, who Is in him, and consequently 
can never commit sin. The sect became grossly sensual, 
and finally disappeared. 
That the Scriptures do not contain in them an things 
necessary to salvation Is the fountain of many great and 
capital errors : I Instance in the whole doctrine of the 
libertine*, familfsta, quakers, and other enthusiasts, which 
issue in the corrupted fountain. ././-. Taylor. 
7. A man given to the indulgence of lust ; one 
who leads a dissolute, licentious life ; a rake ; 
a debauchee. 
Like a puff'd and reckless libertine. 
Himself the primrose path of dalliance treads. 
Shot., Hamlet, L 3. 49. 
Libertines of Geneva, a body of avowed Infidels and 
voluptuaries of the first half of the sixteenth century, 
who were evidently influenced by the sect mentioned 
above, if they were not representatives of it. 
II. a. 1. Free; unrestrained. [Rare.] 
I have rambled in this libertine manner of writing by 
way of Essay. Steele, Tatler, No. 172. 
2. Licentious; dissolute; not under the re- 
straint of or in accord with law or religion : as, 
libertine principles. 
There are men that marry not, but chnse rather a liber- 
tine and impure single life than to be yoked In marriage. 
Pangs arthritic, that infest the toe 
Of libertine excess. Cowper, Task, L 106. 
libertinism (Hb'er-tin-izm), n. [< F. Kberti- 
iiismc; nx libertine + -ism.] 1. The exercise of 
the privileges and rights of a libertine or freed- 
man; exemption from servitude and its dis- 
abilities. [Rare.] 
Dignified with the title of freeman, and denied the lib- 
ertimjtm that belongs to it. Hammond, Works, IV. 486. 
2. The state of being free or unrestrained in 
thought or action. 
The genial libertininn of Horace. 
.lumner, Orations, 1. 143. 
liberty 
St. Irreligiousness ; regardlessness of the dic- 
tates of morality. 
Ever since hath libertinism of all kinds promoted 1U In- 
terest, and Increased its party. 
lip. Atterbury, Sermons, I. III. 
4. The character or conduct of a libertine or 
rake; licentiousness; unrestrained indulgence 
of lust; debauchery; lewdness. 
libertismt (lib'er-tizm), n. [< libert(y) + -ism.] 
Libertinism. [Rare.] 
A writ of error, not of libertimt, that those two princi- 
pal leaders of reformation may not now come to be sued 
In a bill of licence, to the scandal of our Church. 
Milton, Judgement of Martin Bucer concerning Divorce. 
liberty (lib'6r-ti), n. ; pi. liberties (-t iz). [< ME. 
liberte, libertee, < OF. liberte, F. liberty = Sp. 
libcrtad = Pg. liberdade = It. libertA, < L. Hber- 
ta(t-)s, OL. loeberta(t-)s, freedom, < liber, free: 
see liberal.] 1. The state of being free, or 
exempt from external restraint or constraint, 
physical or moralj freedom; especially, exemp- 
tion from opposition or irksome restraint of any 
kind. 
The creature Itself also shall be delivered from the bond- 
age of corruption into the glorious liberty of the children 
of Ood. Rom. vllL 21. 
Stand fast therefore in the liberty wherewith Christ hath 
made us free. QaL T. 1. 
I must have liberty 
Withal, as large a charter as the wind. 
To blow on whom I please. 
Shot., As you Like it, II. 7. 47. 
The natural liberty of man Is to be free from any supe- 
rior power on earth, and not to be under the will or legis- 
lative authority of man, but to have only the law of Nature 
for his rule. Locke, Of Government, II. ir. 22. 
TIs liberty alone that gives the flower 
Of fleeting life Its lustre and perfume. 
Cowper, Task, T. 446. 
The French notion of liberty Is political equality ; the 
English notion Is personal independence. 
W. R. Grey, Misc. Essays, 2d ser., p. 89. 
Specifically 2. Freedom of the will; the power 
of election or free choice, undetermined by any 
necessity; exemption from internal compulsion 
or restraint in willing or volition. 
Liberty . . . Is the power a man has to do or forbear do- 
Ing any particular action, according as Its doing or forbear- 
ance has the actual preference In the mind. 
Locke, Human Understanding, II. xxt. 15. 
Freedom from necessity is also called liberty of election, 
or power to choose, and Implies freedom from anything 
Invincibly determining amoral agent. It has been distin- 
guished into liberty of contrariety, or the power of deter- 
mining to do either of two actions which are contrary as 
right or wrong, good or evil ; and liberty vt contradiction, 
or the power of determining to do either of two actions 
which are contradictory, as to walk or to sit still, to walk 
in one direction or in another. Freedom from necessity is 
sometimes also called liberty of Indifference, because, be- 
fore he makes bis election, the agent has not determined 
in favor of one action more than of another. 
Fleming, Vocab. Phllos. 
3. The condition of being exempt, as a com- 
munity or an individual, from foreign or arbi- 
trary political control ; a condition of political 
self-government, civil liberty implies the subjection 
of the Individual members of a community to laws Imposed 
by the community as a whole ; bat It does not imply the 
assent of each Individual to these laws. An Individual has 
civil liberty If he Is a member of a community which pos- 
sesses such liberty, and Is In the enjoyment of the rights 
which the laws of the community guarantee him. 
If not equal all. yet free, 
Equally free : for orders and degrees 
Jar not with liberty. Milton, P. L., T. 798. 
Real liberty Is neither found In despotism, nor In the ex- 
tremes of democracy, but in moderate governments. 
A. Hamilton, Works, II. 416. 
Liberty and Union, now and forever, one and inseparable. 
D. Webster, Second Speech on Foote s Resolution. 
4. In late, freedom from all restraints except 
such as the lawful rights of others prescribe. 
5. Permission granted, as by a superior, to do 
something that one might not otherwise do; 
leave; specifically, permission granted to en- 
listed men in the navy to go on shore. Com- 
pare liberty-man. 
There is full liberty of feasting, from this present hour 
of five till bell have told eleven. Shak., Othello, ii. 2. 10. 
There Is no liberty for causes to operate In a loose and 
straggling way. Sir T. Browne, Rellgio Medici, L 18. 
6. Immunity enjoyed by prescription or by 
grant; privilege; exemption; franchise: as, the 
lilx rties of the commercial cities of Europe. 
It Is the property of Englishmen, much more of religions 
Englishmen, and should be most of all of religious New 
Englishmen, to be tenacious and tender of their libertitt. 
U. Oaket, Election Sermon (Tyler's Amer. Lit, II. let). 
7. A place or district within which certain spe- 
cial privileges may be exercised; the limits 
within which freedom is enjoyed by those enti- 
tled to it; a place of exclusive jurisdiction: pen- 
erally in the plural : as, the liberties of a prison 
(the limits within which prisoners are free to 
