line 
In large coloured churches [in the South) it is still the 
practice to line out the hymns, because few of the congre- 
gation can read. Fortnightly Rev., N. S., XLIII. 861. 
4. To measure, as land, with a line ; fix the 
boundaries of. [Scotch.] 5. To bring into 
line or aline ; hence, to arrange ; marshal ; em- 
ploy in service. 
No actor of American birth and training can be liiu'i! to 
this class of work. Philadelphia Times, March 21, 188B. 
6. To place something in aline along; arrange 
something along and within for security or de- 
fense: as, to line works with soldiers. 
Line and new repair our towns of war 
With men of courage. Shak., Hen. V., ii. 4. 7. 
Not feeble years, nor childhood stay'd, but all 
Alike impatient throng'd to line the wall. 
Uoole, tr. of Ariosto's Orlando Furioso, xxxv. 
The spears that line 
Baronial halls the opprobrious insult feel. 
Wordsworth, Eccles. Sonnets, i. 37. 
7. See the quotation. 
Cunning mules [when hobbled] . . . soon learn to lift 
both forefeet at a time and gallop off ; hence they are lined, 
that is, the forefoot is tied to the hindfoot on the same 
side, so that the step is very much shortened and their 
gait reduced to a kind of pace. 
De Vere, Americanisms, p. 131. 
Lining out Stuff, the operation of drawing lines on 
boarding or planking, to guide the cutting of it into thin- 
ner pieces. To line bees, to track wild bees to their 
nests by following them in the line of their flight. To 
line men tin/ lit.}, to dress or arrange a body of men so 
that they shall collectively form an even line or lines. 
Jl.intrans. To fish with a line. [Bare, U. S.] 
The squeteague is taken both by lining and seining. 
J. V. C. Smith, Fishes of Massachusetts. 
line 3 (tin), v. t.; pret. and pp. lined, ppr. lining. 
[< ME. linen, cover on the inside, double ; prob. 
orig. double with linen, < line 1 , linen : see line 1 , 
n.] 1. To cover the inside of (some object, as 
a garment, a utensil, etc.) with some materi- 
al other than that of which the object lined is 
made. 
Coach with purple lin'd, and mitres on its side. 
Camper, Tirocinium, 1. 369. 
Hence, by extension 2. To fill the inside of; 
wad; stuff: as, to line a purse or a pocket with 
money. 
What 
If I do line one of their hands? 
Shak., Cymbeline, ii. 3. 72. 
By this rich purse, and by the twenty ducats 
Which line it, I will answer for thy honesty. 
Ford, Fancies, iii. 1. 
No bridegroom's hand be mine to hold 
That is not lined with yellow gold. 
Whittier, Maid of Attitash. 
3f. To cover; pad. 
Their smoothed tongues are lyned all with guyle. 
Gaecoigne, Hearbes, Councill to Master Barthol. Withipoll. 
Son of sixteen, 
Pluck the lined crutch from thy old limping sire. 
Shak., T. of A., iv. 1. 14. 
4. To impregnate : said of animals. 
He would with the utmost Diligence look for a Dog that 
upon all Accounts was of a good Breed, to line her, that he 
might not have a Litter of Mongrels. 
If. Bailey, tr. of Colloquies of Erasmus, II. 160. 
5f. To aid. [Rare.] 
Whether he was combined 
With those of Norway, or did line the rebel 
With hidden help and vantage. 
Shak., Macbeth, i. 3. 112. 
To line one's Jacket. See jacket. 
Iine 4 t (lin), n. An obsolete form of lind 1 , lime 2 . 
linea (lin'e-a), n.; pi. linea; (-e). [L. : see 
line 2 , n.] In zool. and anat., a line; a linear 
3464 
the inner and middle thirds of the clavicle perpendicu- 
larly downward. Linea quadrati, the line of insertion 
of the quadratus femoris muscle. Linea semilunaris, 
the curved tendinous line on the outer border of the rec- 
tus muscle, extending from the cartilage of the eighth rib 
to the pubis. Also called linea Spiyelii. IAnea, splen- 
dens, the shining line, a median lengthwise band along 
the anterior surface of the pia mater of the spinal cord. 
Linese transverse. () of the abdomen, the tendinous 
intersections in the course of the rectus muscle of the ab- 
domen. (i>) Of the fourth ventricle, the stria acusticic 
(which see, under stria). 
Linese (lin'e-e), n.pl. [NL. (A. P. deCandolle, 
1813), < l.iiuiiii + -ece.] An order of polypet- 
alous exogenous plants, typified by the ge- 
nus Linum, belonging to the cohort Geramales. 
It is characterized by regular flowers, with imbricate se- 
pals, and an entire ovary which is from three- to five-celled, 
usually with two ovules in each cell, having a fleshy al- 
bumen. The order embraces about 235 species, divided 
among 15 genera, which have been grouped under 4 tribes. 
They are herbs, rarely trees, usually with alternate leaves, 
and are widely dispersed throughout the world. Also 
Linaceae. 
lineage(lin'e-aj),. [Prop., as orig., linage (mod. 
pron. II' uaj )'; the spelling lineage simulates line 2 , 
lineal, etc., and the pron. has been altered to 
suit lineal, etc.; < ME. linage, lynage, lignagc, < 
AF. OF. linage, F. lignage (cf. Pg. Knhaqem), 
lineage, < ligne, < L. linea, a line : see line 2 , n.] 
Line of descent from an ancestor; hence, fam- 
ily ; race ; stock. 
Of his lynage am I, and his ofspryng, 
By verray ligne, as of the stok roial. 
Chaucer, Knight's Tale, 1. 693. 
He was of the house and lineage of David. Luke ii. 4. 
Believe me, he is well-bred, 
And cannot be but of a noble lineage. 
Beau, and Fl., Wit without Money, i. 2. 
Hither he brought a joyous dame, 
Unknown her lineage or her name. 
Scott, Eokeby, vi. 12. 
= Syn, Genealogy, etc. (see pedigree), birth, extraction, an- 
cestry, family, descent. 
lineal (lin'e-al), a. [= F. lineal = Sp. Pg. line- 
al = It. lineale, pertaining to a line, < L. line- 
alls, < linea, a line: see line 2 , n.] 1. Of or per- 
taining to a line or length; extending in a line; 
involving the single dimension of length: as, 
lineal measure ; a lineal f oot. [In the physical sense 
I infill and linear are often used interchangeably, but a dif- 
ferentiation is commonly made. Compare linear.] 
Lineal walks immediately enveloped the slight scene. 
Walpole, Anecdotes, IV. vii. 
An inch is th smallest lineal measure to which a name 
is given. 0. Gregory, Mathematics, p. 120. 
2. Proceeding in a direct or unbroken line; 
hereditary ; unbroken in course : distinguished 
from collateral: as, lineal descent; lineal suc- 
cession. 
The house of York, 
From whence you spring by lineal descent. 
Shak., 1 Hen. VI., iii. 1. 166. 
3. Pertaining or relating to direct descent; 
hereditary in quality or character; having an 
ancestral basis or right. 
The tint-ill glory of your royal house. 
Shak., Rich. III., iii. 7. 121. 
Millions shall spring from our loins, and trace back with 
lineal love their blood to ours. 
R. Choate, Addresses, etc., p. 104. 
4f. Allied by direct descent. 
For only you are lineal to the throne. Dryden. 
Lineal measure, warranty, etc. See the nouns, 
lineality (lin-e-al'i-ti), . [< lineal + -ity.] 
The state of being lineal, or in the form of a 
line. Wright. [Rare.] 
lineate 
The valve is supposed to be set without any lead, or 
line-and-litie, as it is called, at full stroke. That is, the 
steam edges of the valve correspond with the steam edges 
of the part at the beginning of the stroke. 
Forney, Locomotive, p. 237. 
linear (lin'e-iir), a. [= F. lineaire = Sp. Pg. 
linear = It. lineare, < L. linearis, belonging to 
a line, < linea, a line: see line'*, n. Cf. lineal.} 
1. Of or pertaining to a line or Hues; composed 
or consisting of lines: as, linear draw- 
ing; linear perspective. 2. Relat- 
ing to length only; specifically, in 
math, and physios, involving mea- 
surement in one dimension only, or a 
sum of such measurements ; involv- 
ing only straight lines; unidimen- 
sional; of the first degree : as, linear 
numbers ; linear measure. A plane is 
said to be a linear locus, because of the first 
order; expansion, if considered in one di- 
mension only, the others being neglected, is 
termed linear expansion. 
The linear expansion of metals heated be- 
tween the freezing and boiling points of wa- 
ter varies from one to three parts in 1,000. 
W. B. Carpenter, Energy in Nature, p. 49. 
3. In bot., 2067., and anat., like a line 
or thread ; slender; very narrow and 
elongate: as, a linear leaf. 4. In 
pros., consisting in or pertaining to a 
succession of single verses all of the Linear Leaf 
same rhythm and length ; stichic : or . 
as, linear composition; "Paradise JJwSJi. '* 
Lost" is linear in composition. 
Linear algebra, a system of algebra in which every ex- 
pression equals a linear expression in certain units. Lin- 
ear class of functions, a number of functions produced 
from one another by addition, by subtraction, and by mul- 
tiplication by constants. Linear coefficient of expan- 
sion. See coefficient. Linear complex, congruence, 
content. See the nouns. Linear demonstrationt, a 
proof drawn from the consideration of a geometrical dia- 
gram, without the use of algebra or trigonometry. Lin- 
ear differential equation, an equation in which the 
differential coefficients and dependent variables are not 
multiplied into themselves or into one another : thus, 
sion Linea alba, the white line, the median longitu- 
dinal line of connective tissue running from the pubis to 
the sternum. Linea aspera, the rough line, a promi- 
nent longitudinal ridge on the back of the femur. It 
divides above into three lines running to the great tro- 
chanter, lesser trochanter, and spiral line, and below into 
two lines running to the inner and outer condyles. Linea 
costoarticularis, a line marking the junction of the ribs 
with their cartilages, drawn from the sternoclavicular ar- 
ticulation to the tip of the eleventh rib. Linea fusca, 
a median line of darker pigmentation extending upward 
from the pubis to the umbilicus or beyond, developed in 
pregnant women. Also called pigmented abdominal line. 
Linea glutasa, posterior, anterior, and inferior respec- 
tively, the superior, middle, and inferior curved lines of 
line (which see, under Hiopectinefd}. Linea innomi- 
nata, the brim of the true pelvis, formed by the promon- 
tory of the sacrum and the rounded angle between the up- 
per and anterior surfaces of the lateral divisions of the first 
sacral vertebra, the itiopectineal line, and the upper border 
of the os pubis. Linea lateralis, in ichth., the lateral 
line (which see, under fne2). Unea mylohyoidea, the 
mylohyoid ridge on the inner surface of the lower jaw- 
bone. Linea nuchae inferior, the line, curved, of oc- 
cipital bone, inferior. Linea nuchae mediana, the ex- 
ternal occipital protuberance, running in the middle line 
from the external occipital crest to the foramen magnum 
-Linea nuchae superior or suprema, the line, curved, 
of occipital bone, superior. Linea parasternalis a line 
drawn on the surface of the chest from the junction of 
ed from the 
From whose race of old 
She heard that she was lineally extract. 
Spenser, F. Q., III. tx. 38. 
mento, feature, < L. lineamentum, a line, fea- 
ture, < lineare, reduce to a straight line, ML. 
draw lines upon: see line 2 .] A feature or de- 
tail of a body or figure considered as to its out- 
lines or contour; linear formation of a part, as 
in the human face ; hence, a particular physi- 
tinguishing characteristic or quality in gener- 
al: used chiefly in the plural. 
The lineaments of the body do disclose the disposition 
and inclination of the mind in general. 
Bacon, Advancement of Learning, ii. 184. 
Examine every married lineament, 
And see how one another lends content. 
SAo*.,K. and J., i. 3. 83. 
line-and-line (lin'and-lin'), a. With edge ex- 
actly to edge : a term characterizing the adjust- 
ment of a slide-valve without lead: as, a Ihic- 
and-line setting. See lead 1 , n., 8. 
is a linear partial differential equation. Linear draw- 
ing. Seedrawing. Linear dyadic. See dyadic. Lin- 
ear ensemble. See ensemble, 3. Linear equation, in 
math., an equation of the first degree between two varia- 
bles: so called because every such equation may be con- 
sidered as representing a right line. Linear function, 
a function resulting from the performance of the opera- 
tions of addition, subtraction, and multiplication by con- 
stants upon the variables. Linear geometry, group, 
integral, etc. See the nouns. Linear heraldry, her- 
aldry of the more elaborate sort, in which a number of or- 
dinaries and their bearings are combined to produce varied 
escutcheons. Linear numbers, in math., such numbers 
as have relation to length only, as a number which repre- 
sents one side of a plane figure. If the plane figure is a 
square, the linear side is called a root. Linear per- 
spective, that branch of perspective which regards only 
the positions, magnitudes, and forms of the objects de- 
lineated : distinguished from aerial perspective, which con- 
siders also the variations of the light, shade, and color ol 
objects, according to their different distances and the 
quantity of light which falls on them. Linear problem, 
a problem that may be solved geometrically by the inter- 
section of two right lines, or algebraically by an equation 
of the first degree. Linear space, a unicursal space the 
points of which may be uniquely represented by value- 
systems of the coordinates, without the exception of any 
point-equations or loci-values. Linear transforma- 
tion, a transformation from one set of variables to an- 
other connected with them by linear equations. Linear 
units, units of length. 
linear-acute (lin'e-ar-a-kuf), a. [< L. linearis, 
linear (see linear)', 4- acutus, sharp : see acute.] 
In bot., narrow and very gradually tapering to 
a point, as a leaf; acuminate. 
linear-ensate (lin'e-ar-en'sat), a. [< L. linea- 
ris. linear (see linear), + ensis, a sword.] In 
bot., having the form of a long narrow sword. 
linearity (lin-e-ar'i-ti), . [< linear + -ity.] 
The state or condition of being linear. 
The lineariti/ of the differential equation depends upon 
this physical fact, etc. Airy, Optics, 12. 
linear-lanceolate (lin'f-ar-lan'se-o-lat), .. [< 
L. linearis, linear (see linear), + LL'. lanceolatus, 
armed with a little lance or point: see lanceo- 
late.] In bot., lanceolate and very slender; 
narrow and parallel-sided in the middle, and ta- 
pering to a slender base and an acute tip. 
linearly (liu'e-ar-li), adv. In a linear manner; 
with lines. 
linear-Oblong (lin'e-ar-ob'16ng), a. Oblong and 
very narrow. 
linearyt (lin'e-a-ri), a-. [< L. litiearins, belong- 
ing to a line, < 'lined, a line: see line 2 , it. Cf. 
linear.] Linear. Holland. 
lineatet (lin'e-at), v. t. [< L. lineatus, pp. of 
lineare, reduce to a straight line, ML. draw lines 
upon, < linea. a line: see line 2 , v.] To draw; 
delineate. Davies. 
