lingual 
ilonto|ihoiv. Lingual teeth, the rasping points or pro- 
cesses of the radulii or Inr.'nul ribbon of i iiiolliiak. 
Lingual vein, the vein corresponding to the lingual 
artery. 
II. n. A letter pronounced in the manner 
deserihed in 1., -. 
linguale (liiiK-Kwu'16), . ; pi. lingualia (-li-a). 
[NL. (sc. s, bone), unit, of liiii/iinli.i : see m- 
M07 
origin and history of words ; the general and 
comparative study of human languages and of 
their elements. Also called comparative i>ln- 
The bone of the tongue, more fully 
called n.i /i ;/ or ox lini/unlr; the hyoid bone, 
or os hyoides. !Seo hi/niil, n. 
lingualis (ling-gwft'lU), . : pi. lini/uttles (-lez). 
[NL. (sc. iiiiini-nlii.-i, muscle): see lint/itnl.] The 
proper muscle of the tongue ; the muscular sub- 
stance of the tongue which is not definitively 
attached to surrounding bony parts. 
lingually (ling'gwal-i), aitr. In a lingual man- 
ner; an relates to language. 
Linguatula (ling-gwat'u-ltl), n. [NL.,dim., 
< L. lin</iuitiis, tongued, < tuiqua, tongue: see 
!ini/ii<tl. j A genus of worm-like entoparasitic 
Arachnida, remarkable among air-breathing ar- 
thropods in haying the appendages reduced to 
two pairs of minute hooks. The genus, containing 
Home 20 species, is otherwise known as I'entantoma or Pen- 
taxtumuin, and with some writers constitutes an order, Pen- 
taatoinidfa or Pentastomida, of the class Arachnida. L. tte- 
nitrideg is 3 or 4 Inches long. 
LinguatulidaeOing-gwa-tu'li-de), n. pi. [NL.,< 
Linijuulitht + -iite.j The only family of tongue- 
lets or fivemouths, typified by the genus Lin- 
guatiila, and constituting the order Linyualii- 
lina of the class Arachnida. 
Linguatulina (Iing-gwat>u-li'n8), n.pl. [NL., < 
l.iiKjuiiliiln + -ina.~\ A group, ordinal or other, 
of entoparasitic vermiform arachnidans, repre- 
sented by the family Linguatulido!, related to 
the mites or acarids, bear-animalcules or Arc- 
d'xm, and I'ycnogonida ; the tonguelets, tongue- 
worms, or fivemouths. In their mode of parasitism 
they singularly resemble cestoid worms, being found in the 
sexless or larval state in the lungs and liver of herbivo- 
rous animals, whence they are imported by carnivores, In- 
cluding man, in whose digestive and other passages they 
develop. The tonguelets are worm-shaped, ringed, and 
flattened ; in the young state, when they resemble acarids, 
they have four legs, but when matured they have no exter- 
nal organs excepting two pairs of small hooks on the head, 
ami a mouth. These hooks can be retracted Into sheaths, 
the four openings of which, with the mouth, make five 
holes in the head, whence the alternative name of the 
creatures, ftwinuuthe or Pentantmnum. Another name is 
Acanthvtheca, from the sheathing of the hooks. See cut 
under Pentantotnida. 
lingue (ling'gwa), n. [Chilian.] A Chilian tree, 
Persea Lingue, attaining a height of 90 feet. Its 
wood is valuable for use in furniture-making, 
and its bark for tanning. 
linguedt, . [< L. lingua, tongue, + E. -erf 2 .] 
Tongued. 
lloney-linmted Polyhymnia. 
Middleton, World Tost at Tennis. 
linguet (ling'gwet), n. Same as languet (b). 
linguiform (ling'gwi-fdrm), n. [< L. lingua, 
tongue (see lingual, a.), + forma, form.] 
Shaped like a tongue; liugulate: specifically, 
in entomology, said of processes or parts that 
are flat, somewhat linear, and rounded at the 
tip. 
linguist (ling'gwist), . [= F. linguists = Sp. 
liiii/itista = Pg. It. liiiiiiiixtn, < L. lingun, the 
tongue: see lingual, a.] 1. A person skilled 
in the use of languages ; one who can speak 
several languages. 
Sec. Out. Have you the tongues? 
Vol. My youthful travel therein made me happy. . . . 
First (hit. By your own report 
A I i, i : ,,,;.t. Shot., T. G. of V., Iv. 1. 57. 
2. A student of language; a philologist. St. 
A master of language or talk ; a ready con verser 
or talker. 
Artamockes, the linguitt, a bird that imitateth and 
useth the .sounds and tones of almost all the birds in the 
countrie. Harriott, Virginia (1688). 
Ill dispute with him; 
He's a rare linguut. Webster. 
linguister (ling'gwis-ter), n. [< linguist + -/>)!.] 
A dabbler in linguistics; a student of philology ; 
a linguist. [Rare.] 
Though he [Chaucer] did not and could not create our 
language (for he who writes to be read does not write for 
ftn</Tiiffter8), yet it Is true that he first made It easy, and to 
that extent modern. Ltaeett, Study Windows, p. 2(16. 
In linffuutici . . . language iUelf, a* one of the great 
characteristics of humanity, is the end, and the means are 
the study of general and comparative grammar. 
li. P. Manh, LecU. on Eng. Lang., II. 
linguistry (ling'gwis-tri), n. [< linguist + -ry.] 
Linguistics. [Kare.] 
lingula (ling'gu-lil), n. ; pi. lingula; (-le). [NL. 
use of L. linyiila, lii/itla, dim. of Hinjua, tongue: 
see lingual. Cf. ligule, lingle^.] 1. A little 
tongue or tongue-like part or process; aligula. 
Specifically (a) In embryal., a cartilaginous strap or 
bridge on each side of the end of the notochord, connect- 
ing the trabecuue cranit with the parachordal cartilage 
or basllar plate of the skull of the early embryo, (i) In 
anal., the posterior division of the anterior medullary ve- 
lum or valve of Vieussens, marked by three or four trans- 
Terse gray lamlnie, often regarded as the first lobe of the 
vermis superior of the cerebellum. 
2. In :<iiil. : () [cap.] The typical genus of 
I.inffulidtr. The species are numerous ; they are mostly 
fossil, and go back to the Cambrian group, but seven-.i 
are still living. They are found In the sand of the sea- 
shores of most parU of the world, living buried in the 
sand about low-water mark. One Is common on the coast 
of North Carolina. Its shell la bivalve, about an inch 
long, flattened, each valve shaped like the bottom of a 
smoothing-iron, and the two valves working loosely upon 
each other sidewise, not opening and shutting like those 
of bivalve mollusks. From the pointed end protrudes a 
stalk or peduncle from an inch to several inches long, of 
stiff gristly consistency, and this organ may be Incased in 
a tube formed of sand, like the case of a tune-worm. The 
broad end of the shell Is fringed with little processes. 
The shell is thin and of a horny texture. The appearance 
of a lingula is thus somewhat like that of a stalked barna- 
cle or acorn-shell (Lcpax), though the animal has no spe- 
cial affinity with a cirrfped. The living American llngmas 
are now placed in a restricted genus Glottidia,theoae above 
described, beat known as L. puramidatti, being now called 
Q.audebarti. See cut under Lingulidae. (!>} PI. lingu- 
las (-laz). Any species of the genus Lingula or 
family Linguli<i<e; a lingulid or tongue-shell. 
Frenula lingulSB. See fmudai. Lingula sphenol- 
dalls, a small tongue-like process of the sphenoid bone 
on the outer side of the groove for the carotid artery. 
lingular (ling'gu-lar), a. [< lingula + -or 3 .] Of 
or pertaining to a liugula, especially that of the 
cerebellum. 
In the child at birth the liartutar folia are rounded and 
distinct. Buck's Handbook of Med. Sciencet, VIII. 126. 
Ungulate (ling'gu-lat), a. [< L. lingulatus, 
tongue-shaped, < lingula, dim. of lingua, tongue : 
see lingula, lingual.] Formed like a tongue; 
strap-shaped ; ligulate. 
Lingulidas (ling-gu'li-de), n.pl. [NL., < Lingula 
+ -idee. ] A famfly of lyopomatous brachiopods, 
with an elongate peduncle passing out between 
the valves or through a narrow channel in the 
hinge-margin, the brachial appendages fleshy 
linguistic (ling-gwis'tik), n. [= Sp. li 
< linguist + -ic.] Of or pertaining to language, 
or to the study of languages: as, lini/tiistic know- 
ledge. 
linguistically (liufj-gwin'ti-kal-i), rtrfr. In a 
linguistic manner or relation; as regards lan- 
guage or linguistics. 
linguistics (lin";-ir\vis'tiks),M. [PI. of liiiguintn-: 
see -ies.] The science of languages, or of the 
l.,rIa mnttinti. 
A, ventrai vatve, with mantle-fringe ; B. ventral valve, with mantle 
turned back ; C, dorsal valve, with part of mantle cut away, a m. 
anterior, and 'a, posterior adductor muscles; t>, brachial vessels; t, 
capsule of pedicle : i, intestine : /, liver : wt, mantle-margin ; *, vis- 
ceral sheath; e, esophagus; /, posterior,/', central adjusters; r, 
anterior retractors or occlusors: f, posterior adjusters; i (central) 
stomach ; s', marginal sct.r ; f, vent. 
and forming separate coils directed upward, 
the valves oblong or subcircular, and the shell 
horny. About 15 genera are referred to the fam- 
ily, all but two of which (Lingula and Glottidia) 
are extinct. See Lingula, 2 (a). 
linguliferoas (ling'gu-lif'e-rus), a. [< NL. K- 
(;///<( + L. ferre = E. bearl.~\ Containing or 
abounding in remains of liugulas. 
linguloid (ling'gu-loid), a. [< Lingula + -oirf.] 
Hesembling or belonging to the genus Lingula : 
as, liiK/it/uiil shells. 
lingwortt (ling'wert), n. The white hellebore, 
I ( fit noil album. 
lingy 1 (ling'i), a. [< ling + -jfl.] Abounding 
iuliug; heathy. 
His cell was upon a HH : III moor. 
T. Ward, England's Reformation, p. 396. (Dane*.) 
lingy 2 (lin'ji), a. [With altered vowel as in 
lingir, < liinij 1 + -yf. In second sense cf. leng, 
lini/r: in third sense cf. linger.] 1. Tall; lim- 
ber; flexible. 2. Active; strong; able to bear 
link 
fatigue. 3. Idle; loitering. [Prov. Eng. in all 
uses.] (UnlliiceU.) 
linhay (lin'ha), n. [Also linny; appar. < /<//> 
+ hay' 2 ; equiv. to Jean-Co, dial, /inter'.] An open 
slied attached to a farm-yard. [Kng.] 
I went to the upper linhay, and took our new light pony 
lied. K. D. Biadnnure, Lorna Doone, ill*. 
liniationt, n. See natation. 
linigerous (li-nij'e-rus), a. [< L. Hniger, linen- 
wearing (< tin a in, flax, linen: see line*), + j/f- 
rere, bear.] Bearing flax; producing linen. 
liniment (lin'i-ment), n. [< F. liniment = 8p. 
linimi-iilo, liiiimifnto = Pg. It. linimento, < LL. 
linimriitum, a soft ointment, < lini-ri', rarely li- 
nire, smear. Cf . letter*, perhaps from the same 
source.] In med., a liquid preparation for ex- 
ternal application, especially one of an oily 
consistency. 
ThU Fuller '-carth, Clmolia, li of a cooling nature, and, 
being used In the forme of a Uniinrnt, It staleth immoderate 
sweats. IliJlnwI. tr. of Pliny, xxxv. 17. 
linimentum (lin-i-meu'tum), n.; pi. linimenta 
(-ta). [LL.: see liniment.] In phar., a liniment: 
the officinal name. 
linin (li'nin), n. [< L. linum, flax (see linf 1 , .), 
+ -'n 2 .] The crystallizable bitter principle 
of Linum catharticum, or purging-flax. 
lining 1 (li'ning), n. [Verbal n. of line?, t>.] 
The act of measuring, as land, with a line: a 
fixing of boundaries; specifically, permission 
granted by a dean of gild to erect or alter a 
building according to specified conditions. 
[Scotch.] 
lining 2 (fi'ning). n. [Verbal n. of line 3 , r.] 1. 
The covering of the inner surface of anything, 
as of a garment, a box, a wall, or the like. The 
word Is applicable especially when the Inner face Is formed 
of different material from that forming the body or eite- 
rlor. 
Was I deceived, or did a sable cloud 
Turn forth her silver lining on the night? 
Miltim, Comus, 1. 222. 
Specifically (a) In inilit. engin., a wooden sheeting to sup- 
port the top and sides of the galleries and the sides of the 
shafts of a mine. (6) In carp., the Inside boarding, or the 
felt fabric, paper, or other material, put on the inside of 
walls, floors, partitions, etc. (e) In tnrttil iri>rkin?i. the 
nre-brick or other refractory material placed within a 
blast-furnace or converter to resist high temperatures. 
I'll The puddling or tenacious clay put on the Dack of a 
dam or the embankment of a canal to prevent the infil- 
tration of water, (e) A piece of canvas aewed on anyj 
of a sail to preserve it against injury by chafing. 
Book o/Sportl, p. 282. 
2. In a figurative use, contents. 
The lining of his coffers shall make coats 
To deck our soldiers Shot., Rich. II., I. 4. 61. 
My money is spent ; 
Can I be content 
With pockets depriv'd of their lining f 
The Lady' t Decoy ; or, ilan-Midu\fe'i Defence ( 1738X p. 4 
(N. and Q., 7th ser., VI. 2O5X 
3. The jacket of a steam-boiler or -cylinder: an 
inverted use. 4. In marble-working, the pro- 
cess of cementing back to back with plaster of 
Paris two pieces of marble, so that they can be 
ground on two or on all four faces, as if they 
were one piece Basic Hning See batie. 
lining-brush (li'mng-brusli), " A brush for 
marking lines ; specifically, in theaters, a brush 
for painting wrinkles on the face. 
lining-felt (U'ning-felt), . See/el. 
lining-nail (li'ning-nal), . A small nail with 
a hemispherical head, used in upholstery-work. 
lining-paper (li'ning-pa'per), n. Any paper 
used as a lining. Specifically (a) In bookbinding, 
the plain or ornamented paper pasted on the inside of the 
cover, which aids In connecting the book proper with lt> 
binding. ('<) In bvUdin<i, paper (generally made water- 
proof) fast I'M. -d to the studding of frame buildings before 
nailing on the weather-boarding. It is more commonly 
called sheathing. Such paper is also used under slates and 
shingles in roofing. 
lining-strip (li'ning-strip), n. One of a series 
of wooden or metal strips fixed on the inside 
of freight- or baggage-cars to protect the car 
from injury by the freight. Car- Builder's Diet. 
liniscus (li-nis'kus), n. j, pi. linisci (-i). [NL., 
< Or. SUMMMCi dim. of /.ivov, a line, cord: see 
tiin'1.'] In ornith., one of the little lines or 
traces which form reticulations on the tarsal 
envelop. [Bare.] 
link 1 (Ungk), n. [< ME. lenke, < AS. hlence = 
Icel. hltkkr = Sw. lank = Norw. Itenk, a link. = 
Dan. Itenke, a chain ; cf. IfBQ.gelant, gelenke. a 
bending, esp. the main bend or joint of the body, 
G. gelenk, a joint (knuckle, wrist, or other joint 
of the body), also a link, ring ; from a noun not 
found in AS., but represented by E. lank 3 = 
OHG. hlanca, lanca. lancka. MHG. lanke, the hip, 
loins, the bend of the body (> MHG. G. lenken. 
bend, turn): see? 2 .] 1 . One of the rings or 
