lithic 
guages. Hence -KM, -lite, in E. words.] 1. 
Pertaining to or consisting of stone. 
As a general rule it may bo asserted that the best lithic 
ornamtmts :ii-e those which |>|n.>:ich IHMICHI to the grace 
niul pliancy of plants. ./. /-Vrv/ujwrw, Hint. Arch., I. :(">. 
2. Pertaining lo stone in the bladder: uric. 
Llthlc add. .Same tut uric acini (which we, under uric). 
lithic- (lith'ik), it. [< litliiiini + -/<.] ConsiM- 
iiy; of or related to the element lithium. 
I. lilac Iodide gave the red llnu of this metal (W. L. 
o7<t.',) extending all :irit>^ tin- rtjMvtriiin 
./. .V. Lockyer, Sped. Anal., p. 180. 
Lithic paint, a mantle of petalite (a mineral containing 
litliinm), Hand, and litharge, used :is a coating for wallH. 
K. H. Knii/M. 
Lithichnozoa (li-thik-no-zo'S), n. ill. [NL., < 
( I r. '/ ill* a; a, stone, + t^vof, a track, + Cifov, an 
animal.] A name given by Prof. E. Hitchcock 
to tlie undetermined fossil animals which left 
their footprints ill the Connecticut sandstones. 
Borne, at first supposed to have been gigantic 
birds, are now believed to have been dinosau- 
rian reptiles. 
lithiflcation (lith'i-fi-ka'shon), . [< Gr. / << . 
a stone, + L. -ticiilio(H-), <. fuccrc, make: ne 
-ticatioii, -fy.] A hardening into stone; tin- 
process of becoming stone. Earcly used, and only 
when it U desired to speak of the conversion of uncon- 
solidated sediments into solid rock, without any refer- 
ence to the fossils which they may contain. See pttrifac- 
Hon. 
Liihijicatinnot sediments will probably take place timlcr 
heavy pressure even at ordinary temperature, but is no 
doubt hastened by high temperature. 
./. Le Conlf, in Amer. .lour. Sci., Sd ser., IV. 408. 
lithing (liTH'inj,'), H. [Verbal n. of lithe*, r.] 
The thickening of soup or broth. [Scotch.] 
lithiophllite (lith-i-ot i-lit), w. [So called as 
containing lithium; < NL. litliinm + Gr. <t>i/J>, 
loving, + -/te 2 .] A variety of triphylite contain- 
ing a large amount of manganese. It occurs at 
Branchville in Connecticut. 
lithistid (lith'is-tid), it, and . I. n. Pertain- 
ing to the l.itliixliilii, or having their charac- 
ters ; lithistidan. 
II. >i. A sponge of the group lAtliixtida. 
Lithistida (li-this'ti-da), H. pi. [NL., < Gr. as 
if *'AititaTo, assumed verbal n. of 7jS'ti,uv, look 
like a stone (< M'of, a stone), + -idn.] A large 
group of silicious sponges in which the spicules 
are more or less clearly tetraxial aud are inter- 
woven into a dense skeleton, the stony body 
presenting a central gastric cavity or many ver- 
tical tubes ; the stone-sponges. It contain the re- 
cent families Rhiv>morinid<B, Anomficladinidce, and Tetra- 
<-l<itlinnlif, and the fossil MeyanivrimdcK. In Hollas's classi- 
fication the Lithixticta are one of two orders of tetractincl- 
lidan sponges, the other IH-JIILT Chorixtida, and are denned 
as TetritctiiKJtiila with branching scleres or desmas, which 
mayor may not be modified tetrad spicnlrs. articulated to- 
gether to form a rigid skeleton. Also L\UiMM<r and IA- 
IhiJuuv, variously rated. 
lithistidan (H-this'ti-dan), n. and a. [< Litlii<<- 
tida + -an.] I. n. Of or pertaining to the group 
l.ithi.ttiiln ; stony, as a sponge. 
II. . A stone-sponge of the group Lithistida. 
lithium (lith'i-um), . [NL.,< Gr.X/'<tof, a stone.] 
Chemical symbol, Li or L; atomic weight, 7. 
A metallic element having a silver-white lus- 
ter, quickly tarnishing in the air. It may be cut 
with a knife' but is less soft than potassium or sodium ; 
it fuses at 180 i '., and takes fire at a somewhat higher 
temperature. Lithium is the lightest of all known solid 
bodies, its specific gravity being 0.5930. It forms salts 
analogous to those of potassium and sodium. It occurs 
only iu combination, most abundantly in the minerals spod- 
umrnc.|>rtHlite, amhlygonlte, triphylite (and lithlophilite). 
and lepidolite (lithia mica). 
lithlyf. An irregular Middle English spelling 
of li<i/ltll/. ('Itaitci r. 
litho (litli'6). A common technical abbrevia- 
tion of litlioi/ni/ili. 
lithobibliont (Hth-o-bib'li-on), . [NL.,<Gr. 
/'/r, stone, + jiijiMov, a book : seeftf'We.] Same 
as liililinlili . 
Lithobiidse (lith-o-bi'i-de), w. ]>t. [NL., < Li- 
Ilinhinx + -iilir.] A family of centipeds of the 
order ( 'lii/n/niiln, having the body unequally seg- 
mented, with 9 larger and 6 smaller divisions, 
15 pairs of legs, and long many-jointed anten- 
na'. The species are of moderate and small size, and 
their bite is not severe. They are common under stones, 
and are sometimes called earwigs in the t'nited .States. 
Also l.itholriiiue, as a subfamily of Swbpeiidrida. 
Lithobius (li-tho'bi-us), H. fNL., < Gr. //hw. 
stone, + {Hot, life.] The typical genus of Li- 
thohiitln; characterized by a flattened fonn, 
2-jointed tarsi, and 40-jointed antenna?. /.. nun - 
rii-atms is a common United States species. L. 
forliratus is the corresponding European form. 
llthocarp (lith'o-kiirp). . [< Gr. /iili*; stone. 
+ Mi,)iri>r, fruit. 1 ] A fossil fruit ; a carpolite. 
3481 
lithochromatic (lith o-kro-mat'ik), n. [< Gr. 
//>. stone, + \IHMII. color: see rlirniiiiitn-.\ 
Pertaining to lithodiromatics; relating to or 
produced by the application of oil-colors to 
stone: as, liilincliriiiHiitii- painting. 
lithochromatics (lith o-kro-mat'iks), . [PI. 
of lithochromatic : see i.x.] Theart of painting 
in oil-colors upon stone, and of taking impres- 
sions from the stone on canvas. 
lithographic 
so called from their branched form and 
petrilieil st;ilc. Kihrtn-il* unit llnim; 1856. 
Lithodendnim (lith-o-den'drum), H. [Xlj.J 
S.-IIIM- il> l.llln,:!' ,1'll'OH. 
Lithodes (Ii-th6'dv/.). . [XL., < Gr. //*: w , 
like stone, stony: see litlinitl.] The typical ge- 
nus of l.itliiiiliilii; containing such s|n-c-i,^ :,> /. 
. 
lithochromic (lith-o-kro'mik), a. [< Gr. /'", 
stone, + xi" J !" l t color: see clirininitii:] Same 
as litltrichrtHiitttic. 
lithochromics (lith-o-kro'miks), . [PI. of litho- 
i-lii'iniiic: see -iot."] Same as lithochromatif*. 
lithoclast (lith'o-klast), . [< Or. //Soc, stone, 
+ *(fXa(rr//f, < /,/ur, break in pieces.] 1. One 
who breaks stones. 
A party of horsemen . . . were ready at the gate* of the 
mosque to assist the lithncUut as soon as he should have 
rxr. uted his task. 
Uureldninli. Travels in Arabia, L 807. (Dame*.) 
2. An instrument used for crushing stones in 
the bladder, particularly for crushing stones too 
large for extraction in the course of a lithot- 
omy, the instrument being introduced through 
the wound. 
lithoclastic (lith-o-klas'tik), a. [As Hthoclant 
+ -if.] Of or pertaining to the breaking of 
stones in the bladder. 
Lithocolletid8e(lith y o-ko-let'i-de), n. pi. [NL. 
(Staudinger, 1861), < 'Litluwnlletis + -Wo-.] A 
family of tineid moths containing such impor- 
tant genera as Lithncolletix (the type), Ti#clicrin, 
and Bedrllitt. They have no ocelli, short and thin palpi, 
long-fringed fore wings with the middle cell closed and 7, 
8, or 10 veins, and small lanceolate hind wings with very 
long fringes. The larvie are usually leaf-miners, but those 
of (Ejwpktia live in fungi. 
Lithocolletis (lith'o-kp-le'tis), w, [NL. (Hiib- 
ner, 1816). < Gr. >i6oK6Mtiro, set with precious 
stones, < /Mot, stone, < KO/./U/TOC, verbal adj. of 
KoMav, glue, fasten, < !/?, glue.] A large 
l.tfkM-dlffit i-raftfffffa. (Cross shows natural si/e.) 
genus of tineids, typical of the family Lithoeol- 
letida;, with over 100 European and nearly as 
many North American species, whose larva? are 
leaf -miners. L. cratiegella mines the leaves of 
the apple in the United States. 
Lithocorallia (lith'o-ko-ral'i-S), n. pi. [NL., 
< Gr. '/idnc, stone, + Knpa/.f.iav, coral : see eoral.] 
The stone-corals, 
lithocoralline (lith-6-kor'a-lin), a. [As Litho- 
corallia + -in* 1 . Cff. coralline.] Having the 
characters of a stone-coral ; of or pertaining to 
the Lithocorallia. 
lithocyst (lith'o-sist), . [< Gr. ?,/0or, stone, + 
xiirrir., bladder:' see cyst.] In :o<il., one of the 
sense-organs or marginal bodies 
of the Luctrnarida or steganoph- 
thalmate medtisans. 
As regards the existence of a nervous 
system in the Hydrozoa, very diverse 
opinions have been entertained. . . . 
There can be little doubt that the lith 
..r,/.Yx, or sacs containing mineral par- 
ticles, which are so frequently found in 
the Meduaee, are of the nature of audi- 
tory organs ; while the masses of pig- 
ment, with imbedded refracting bodies, 
which often occur associated with the 
lithocysti, are doubtless rudimentary 
eyes. Huxley, Anat. Invert., p. 115. 
Lithodendron (lith - 6 - den ' - 
ilron),. [NL.,<Gr.;jeoo>vo>or, 
,. 
a 'tree-shaped coral, < Ufof, a 
stone, + Atvf(Mi>, a tree.] The 
typical genus of Lithntlendromnir. Schireigger, 
1S-JO. Also \vritten Lithodendnim. J. D. Dana, 
1846. 
Lithodendroninae (lithH>-den-dr6-ni'ne). /'' 
[XL., < l.ithinli'iidrnn + -ina:] A subfamily of 
fossil carboniferous stone-corals, of the family 
('iltitlii>)iliylliitii; ty pitied by the genus LitliixIcH- 
Miz s Dt.-C|>-M:a S(>i,lcr- 
of northern seas, and L. agasirizi. These 
criil)s resemble maioids in general form and ap- 
pearance, but belong to a different group. La- 
in ill,; I SOU. 
Lithodidae (li-thod'i-de), . pi. [NL., < Litho- 
iles + -itlii:] A family of anomurous decapod 
crustaceans, typified by the genus Lithodr*, hav- 
ing the carapace triangular or somewhat cor- 
date, with elongated rostrum, no abdominal 
appendages, and the fifth pair of legs much re- 
duced. 
lithodome (lith'o-dom), . [< NL. lithndonnm. 
< Gr. //ftwiduor, a mason, < /iflof, stone, + MUFIV, 
build (> 66[iof, a house): see rfowifl.] A shell- 
fish which lives in a hole made by it in a rock, 
as a date-shell or a piddock. See Lithoilomtix 
and I'hnlim. 
lithodomi, . Plural of Hthmlomwn, 2. 
lithodomous (li-thod'o-mus), n. [As lithoilonif 
+ -OHM.] 1. Dwelling in rocks; having the 
characters of a lithodome : as, lithodomoux mol- 
lusks. 2. Done by a lithodome-; pertaining in 
any way to a lithodome: as, lithoiloninun per- 
forations. .S'lY ('. I.yell. 
Lithodomns (li-thod'o-mns), . [NL. : see litho- 
dome.] 1. A genus of mussels of the family 
Mytilidii; of small size and subcylindric form, 
which burrow in rocks, and are known as date- 
xhell8. L. lithophai/UK is an example. Also 
called I.itltotoniHS and /.itliophagits. See cut 
under date-shell. 2. [I.e.; pi. lithfidonii(-ml).] 
A member of this genus. 
lithofracteur (lith-6-frak'ter), n. [F., < Gr. 
?./0of, a stone, + LL. fraetor, a breaker, < L. 
frangere, pp. fractux, break: see/rr/io.] An 
explosive mixture, containing 55 per cent, of 
nitroglycerin, mixed with silicious earth, coal, 
barium nitrate, sulphur, and sodium bicarbon- 
ate, used principally in blasting. 
lithogenesy (lith-o-jen'e-si), . [< Gr. /iflor. 
stone, -t- }tvrair, origin: see genexix.] The doc- 
trine or science of the origin of the minerals 
composing the globe, and of the causes which 
have produced their form and disposition. 
lithogenous (li-thoj'e-nus), n. [< Gr. /.iffof, 
stone, + -; evf/c., -producing : see -genwts.] 
Stone-producing; of or pertaining to animals 
which form coral. 
lithoglyph (lith'p-glif). n. [< Gr. //flo;X.'oc. 
carving stone, < /'Mac, stone, + j/iff/v, carve.] 
An incision, engraving, or sculpture in stone, 
especially iu a precious stone; also, an en- 
graved or incised stone. 
lithoglyphert (li-thog'li-fer), . One who cuts 
or engraves precious stones, gems, etc. 
lithoglyphic (lith-o-glif'ik), . [As lithoali/jili 
+ -io.] Relating to the art of cutting and en- 
graving on precious stones, gems, etc. 
lithoglyphite (li-thog'li-fit), . [As lithoglypk 
+ -itc-.j A fossil that presents the appearance 
of being engraved or shaped by art. 
lithoglyptics (lith-o-glip'tiks),'. [< Gr. HOar, 
stone, + E. i/lyptic*, q. v.] The art of cutting 
and engraving precious stones or gems, as in- 
taglios, cameos, etc. 
lithograph (lith'o-graf), " [< Gr. ?/ft>c, stone, 
+ ; /xiofiv, write. Ct. lithography.] A print exe- 
cuted by lithography. 
lithograph (litn'o-graf), r. [< lithograph, n.] 
I. trans. To reproduce bymeansof lithography: 
as, to Htliiti/m/ili a picture. 
II. intriins. To practise lithography. 
lithographer (li-thog'ra-fer), . One whoprac- 
tises lithography. 
lithographic (lith-o-graf'ik), a. [As lithogra- 
ph*/ + -ic.] Of or pertaining to lithography; 
engraved upon or printed from stone; produced 
by or employed in lithography : as, lithographic 
