livery-office 
livery-office (liv'er-i-of is), n. An ninei- aii- 
pointed for the delivery of lands. lt'lirti>n. 
Iiv6ry-s6rvant(liv'cr-i-ser"vant), . A servant 
who wears H livery ; lience, a servant not of I lie 
highest grade, as that of steward or the like. 
Compare xfi-riint imt of tin ry. tindiT m-ri'inil. 
livery-stable (liv'er-i-sta' M), . A stable 
where horses arc kept for hiiv ami vehicles an 1 
tot. 
livery-tablet(liv'er-i-t!i'bl), . Aside table or 
cuiiboard. Fuller, 1'isgah Sight, V. i. 1H. 
lives, /'. 1. Plural of /(/'. 2f. An obsolete 
genitive of ///>-. 
live-spindle (Hv'spin Ml), . In a lathe, the 
rotating spindle in the bead-Stock by whieh 
power is imparted, as distinguished from the 
<li-tnl-!</>iii<llr in the tail-stock. 
livetidet, [< '"''' :! . for '</<'. + '"'' 1 1 '' < "' 1 '""' ; 
living. Holland, tr. of Oaniden, p.-4.">. (Itm-irx.) 
live-well (liv'wel), " The well of a fishing- 
smaek in which fish are kept alive. 
livid (liv'id), <i. [< F. liride = Sp. liritlo = Pg. 
It. livitto, < L. lii-iilus, blaek and blue, < Hem, 
lie livid.] 1. Black and blue, like a contusion. 
The term la applied, with the strong exaggeration usually 
characterizing the use uf color-iiiimeB, to the color of a 
person "hlack ill the face" from strangulation, or having 
a cold, death-like complexion from rage, fear, or suffering ; 
or to a light which imparts a death-like it^pect to the face. 
Thus, a face illuminated by the yellow monochromatic 
light produced by the burning of an alcoholic solution of 
common salt is said to present a livid appearance. 
At this the blood the virgin's cheek forsook ; 
A Unit paleness spreads o'er all her look. 
Pope, R. of the L., 111. OO. 
A thousand flambeaux . . . turned all at once that deep 
gloom into a lirid and preternatural day. 
foe, Tales, I. 871. 
on limit brows of agony 
The broad red lightning shone. 
Whittier, The Slave Ship. 
2. Iii zoot., pale purplish-brown, more or less 
translucent, resembling the color of a bruised 
surface of flesh. 
lividity (li-vid'i-ti), n. [< F. Hriilitr, < ML. 
liri<lil<i(t-)K, lividness, < L. liriilim, livid: see 
liriil.] The state of being livid; the peculiar 
darkness of color exhibited l>y bruised flesh. 
The signs of a tendency to such a state I the atrabllarian | 
are darkness or Kvidityot the countenance |and| drynuss 
of the skin. Artmthmt, Aliments, vl. f 2s. 
lividness (liv'id-ues), . Same as liriilitii. 
living (liv'iug), . [< ME. tiring, lirynij, lihMni/; 
verbal n. of Wrel, f.] 1. The act or the condi- 
tion of existing; the state of having life; pow- 
er of continuing life. 
There is no living without trusting somebody or other 
In some eases. Sir R. L'K*tmm.ir. 
And do you think this is Liriiv.t. to lie involved III so 
many Miseries, and to wallow in so great Iniquities 1 ? 
A". Batten, tr. of Colloquies of Erasmus, I. aitv. 
2f. Period of life ; term of existence. 
To spend her la uun'sl living in eternal love. 
Shale., Lover's I 'omplaint, 1. ls. 
3. Manner or course of life: as, holy liring. 
The younger son . . . wasted his substance with riotous 
liriny. I.uke xv. IS. 
l >i . Parker, In his sermon before them, touched them so 
near for their living, that they went near to touch him for 
his life. StrJ.Haitirarii. 
4. Means of subsistence ; estate ; livelihood. 
For to drawen up all thing 
That nede was to her Wibriiui. 
Arthour aiul Merlin, p. .18. 
And ther lynyny ys mynystired vuto them twyes a Day 
from the seyd Mownte Syou. 
Torlcington, Dial ie of Eng. Travell, p. 89. 
she of her want did cast in all that she had, even all 
\terlimny. Mark xil. 44. 
My duty toward my neighbour la ... to learn and la- 
bour truly to get mine own living. 
Book of Common Praiter, Catechism. 
Specifically (a) An ecclesiastical office by virtue of which 
the clerk 'or incumbent has the right to enjoy certain 
church revenues on condition of discharging certain ser- 
vices prescribed by the canons, or by usage, or by the 
conditions under which the office has been founded. (See 
;,t'lit<-li'ni.-l.) In the reign of Henry VIII. a system of "plu- 
ralities" was established, whereby the same clerk might 
hold two or more livings: but in the reign of Vietmi.i 
this privilege, which was attended with great abuses, ha* 
hci'ii repeatedly abridged: and no clerk may now 1ml. 1 
two livings unless the churches so attached are within 
three miles of each other, and the annual value of one of 
them does not exceed one hundred pounds. 
\\ - see some parents, that have the donations or ;i.i\.> 
cations of Church livings In their hands, must needs have 
some of their children . . . thrust into the ministry. 
Up. Saititi'mn. Works. HI. 125. 
Me <-lil:iiiii-<! licence from the King that the University 
might purchase udvouzanees of spiritual liriii<t<. 
Puller, Mist. Cambridge. H. 38. 
Your peculiar institution "f church lieingx - which (as I 
understand it) makes it possible that a priest of the ora- 
cles of God may be a mere functionary. 
J. W. Painter, After his Kiiut, p. i>;,, 
3489 
(6) The Income from s benefice ; ecclesiastical revenue. 
They | the clergy I have great labors, and thei. f..i . th.-\ 
atfht to bine good liriiiu*. thai they may oommodloail) 
feed their flock. Latiiner, Sennon of the ricmiih. 
(c) The seat of the otnce ; a parish. 
I shall pass part of next summer at my tiring, and in all 
probability come over to Edinburgh. 
Sydney Smith, To Francis Jeffrey. 
5. A farm. [Prov. Kng.) 
My lands and livings are not small, 
My house and lynage faire. 
The Chad iJEUe (Child's Ballads, III. 281). 
High living. See Aw/i. =Syn. 4. Uviny, Livelihood, Svk- 
rixienrr. HwHenance, Support, Maintenance. These words 
iliiti-r essentially, as their derivations suggest. To make 
a living or a livelihood is to earn enough to keep alive on 
with economy, not barely enough to maintain life, nor 
sufficient to live In luxury. Livelihood Is a rather finer 
and less material word than living. Sulinttence and *ux- 
tenance refer entirely to food: titbn*t*nce is that which 
keeps one In existence or animal life : irttxtentnice is that 
which holds one up. Support and maintenance, like (inn// 
and livelihood, cover necessary expenses. To guarantee a 
man his mpunrt is to promise money to cover all expenses 
proper to economical living, or such living as may be 
agreed upon. Maintenance may be applied to cxpen-h 
living. An honest livelihood ; a bare bring; bare mtlmin- 
tence; scanty mxteiiaucr; ample support; an honorable 
iiuiiiitenance at the university. 
living (liv'ing), p. n. [Altered from MK. 
liri'inl, I if and, < AS. l(fii-inlr, ppr. of Ufim, live: 
see lire*, p.] 1. Being alive; having life or 
vitality; not dead: as, a living animal or plant. 
The Lord God . . . breathed Into hla nostrils the breath 
of life ; and man became a living soul. Gen. ii. 7. 
2. Ill actual existence ; having present vigor 
or vitality: now in action or use; not lifeless, 
stagnant, inert, or disused: applied to things: 
as,7irn<7languages; a liriiig spring ; living faith. 
To live a life half dead, a living death. 
Hilton, S. A., 1. 100. 
Then nash'd the lii-ing lightning from her eyes. 
Pope, S. of the L., til. 155. 
It Is the liriiuj question of the hour, and not the dead 
story of the past, which forces Itself Into all minds. 
0. W. Uulmei, Old Vol. of Life, p. 78. 
3. Furious; fierce: applied by seamen to a 
gale: as, a liriiig ga\e of wind. 4. Existing in 
t he original state and place ; being as primarily 
formed and situated: only in the phrases liviii;/ 
ruck, liring xtone. 
I now found myself on a rude and narrow stairway, the 
steps of which were cut out of the living roclt. Moore. 
The forms they hewed from living stone 
Survive the waste of years, alone. 
Bryant, The Greek Boy. 
Living force. See ri viva. Living language. See 
language. The living, one who is or those who are alive : 
usually with a plural signification : as, in the land of the 
(inn//. 
The liring will lay it to his heart EccL viL 2. 
living-chamber (liv'ing-eham'ber), . The 
chamber or cavity of a shell in which an animal 
lives, as distinguished from that part from which 
the body of the animal has receded during the 
growth of the shell: said especially of fossil 
cephalopoda. 
livingly (liv'ing-li), mlr. [< liring + -It/-.] In 
a living state or manner; by the course or way 
of life. 
Of course no sane man can help cherishing the liveliest 
desire to grow in the knowledge of the Divine perfection, 
and Kviniily to illustrate it in the tenor of his own per- 
sonal history. H. Javten, Subs, and Shad., p. 208. 
livingness (liv'iug-nes), . [< tiring + -nrxx.] 
The state of being alive ; possession of energy 
or vigor; animation; liveliness: as. the liriiig- 
n i xx of one's faith. 
living-room (liv'ing-roin), ii. A room for gen- 
eral family use ; a sitting-room. Also called in 
New England l'i'i'/>ni<i-ni/nii. [Local, U. S.] 
The cabin was furnished with two entrance ditors. I 
rapped at one, and In a moment it opened, and Joe ush- 
ered me into the living-room. 
OUmore, My Southern Friends, p. 14. (Bartlett.) 
Accordingly each family sets up one or other of these 
deities In Its tiring-room. Art Jour., March, 18S8, p. 72. 
livingstonite (liv'ing-ston-it), . [Named in 
honor of David /.iriiii/xtniie, a Scottish mission- 
ary and explorer of Africa (1813-73).] A sul- 
phid of mercury and antimony occurring in pris- 
matic or columnar forms of a lead-gray color 
and metallic luster: found in Mexico. 
livisht (li'vish). i'. [< MK. Hrixli, l(1ili : < life 
+ -ixli 1 .] Somewhat live or alive; lively. 
If there were true and livish faith, then would it work 
love in their hearts. 
Devon's Worts, 1S48, p. S7. 
lizard 
valvate in the bud, and by the distinct ..rslight- 
Iv coherent globose ,-arpels. The (lowers an her- 
n'mphrodlte, anu consist of three sepals and a three lobed 
eon.lla, six -tamcim antl three carpels, of which geueially 
Imt one matures and forms the fruit. The leaves are fan- 
shaped and generally split on the edges, and are borne . u 
spiny petioles. There are aliout 14 species, found in -a.-t- 
.111 im.l tropical Asia, the Malay archipelago. New l.mn,,t, 
l eastern Australia. /,. iiiutrali*. the Australian or \ ic- 
lorian caliluu.- lice, is native as far south as Victoria. 
Livonian (li-vo ni-an), a. and u. [< /."'" 
(see def.) + -.] I. . 
Livistona (liv-is-to'na), n. [XL. (R. Brown, 
1827), named for Patrick Murray of IAristtn; 
near Edinburgh.] A genus of fan-palms of the 
tribe Cory/iAcir. distinguished by the terminal 
styles and stigmas, the petals and sepals being 
'din 
Of or pertaining to 
Livonia; Lettish. 
II. a. 1. A native or mi inhabitant of LiMi- 
nia, one of the Baltic provinces of Russia; spe- 
cifically, a member of the primitive race of Li- 
vonia. 2. The language formerly spoken by 
the Livouians. 
livor (li'vor), n. [< L. lii-or, lividuess, envy, < 
linn; be of a bluish color, be envious: see 
liriil.] If. Envy; malignity. 
Out of this root of envy spring those feral branches of 
faction, hatred, limr, emulation. 
Burton, AnaU of Mel., p. 107. 
2. ill. The parts of skin in a corpse discolored 
by the hypostatic accumulation of blood, 
livraison (le-vra-zdtV), . [F., < ML. libera- 
ting-), a giving, L. a setting free, liberation: 
see liberation and Meet*. Cf. lirereson, an obs. 
E. form of the same word.] One of several 
parts of a printed work issued at intervals in 
advance of the completion of the whole ; a num- 
ber of a book published in parts, or of a periodi- 
cal; a fascicle: used only or chiefly of French 
publications. 
I shall send you several livraumu of the Encyclopedle. 
Jeffenon, ( 'orrespondence, II. 8. 
livre (le'ver), H. [F., = Sp. Pg. libra = It. lib- 
bra, lira, < L. libra, the Roman pound ; ef. Or. 
)irpa, a pound: see libra.] An old French 
coin and money of account, now superseded by 
the franc. The value of the livre timrnoit, or livre of 
Tours, by comparison of the gold coinage of 1728-1786 
with the present Tutted States gold coinage, was lj cents, 
and by comparison of silver coin of the same periods It was 
Is cents. The livre jfarins, or livre of Paris, In use until 
1607 conjointly with the livre tuurnuw, was worth one quar- 
ter more than the latter. 
lixivial (lik-si v'i-al), n. [= F. lifiriel = Sp. leji- 
rinl = It. lisxiriale'.< L. lifiriiix, liriritim, lye: se- 
lijiriHin.] 1. Obtained by lixiviation; impreg- 
nated with alkalinematterextracted from wood- 
ashes. 2. Containing or consisting of salts so 
extracted. 3. Of the color of lye ; resembling 
lye. 4. Having the qualities of alkaline salts 
extracted from wood-ashes Lixivial salts, in 
.A,,//., salts obtained by passing water through wood- 
ashes, or by pouring water on wood-ashes. 
lixiviate (lik-si v'i-at), v. t. ; pret. and pp. lijriri- 
atcil, ppr. lifiriating. [< ML. 'lixiriatux, pp. of 
'Nririfire, form into a lye, < L. lixivium, lye : see 
litirium.] To subject to the process of lixivia- 
tion; form into lye; impregnate with salts from 
wood-ashes: as, lifiriateii water. 
I Iodine] is obtained by pouring an excess of concentrated 
sulphuric acid on the water obtained by hunting different 
fuel, liririniinii the ashes, and concentrating the liquor. 
Dunylimn, Diet Med. Science. 
lixiviate (lik-si v'i-at), n. [<ML.*/u-iiVjfu, pp.: 
see the verb.] 1. Pertaining to lye or lixivium ; 
of the nature of alkaline salts. 
The fixed nitre Is of an alcalbate nature.and participate* 
the qualities belonging generally to lixiviate salts. 
Boyfe, Works, I. 370. 
2. Impregnated with salts from wood-ashes. 
lixiviation (lik-siv-i-a'shqn), . [= F. liririit- 
tina = Pg. HxiriacSo = It. liitxiviazione, < ML. 
*/i.rtYVjii(H-), < 'luiiiare, make into lye: see 
lisiriatc.] The operation or process of extract- 
ing alkaline salts from ashes by percolation of 
water; the process of leaching. For the application 
of leaching or lixiviation to the treatment of metallifer- 
ous ores, aee Auawtin'n procettx. Patera procexs, JtiunfU t 
jrrocexx, ZiernyeTg procefn, all under process. 
lixivious (lik-siv'i-ns), n. [< L. lixiriux, also 
lifinix. made into lye: see lij-irium.] Lixivial. 
lixivium (lik-siv'i-iim), . [< L. liririnm, also 
Ii fir in, lye, neut. and fern, respectively of lixiriux, 
made into lye, < lit, ashes, lye.] Water impreg- 
nated with alkaline salts extracted from wood- 
ashes; lye: sometimes applied to other extracts. 
I have found wonderf nil benefit In bathing my head with 
a decoction of some hot and aromaticall herbs, in a (ut'ri- 
Min made of the ashes of Tine-branches. 
Evelyn, To Doctor Beale. 
lixtt. An obsolete form of liext, second person 
singular indicative present of lie 1 . i'Jiaufer. 
liza (H'zft), H. The white or blue-backed mul- 
let, Miiiiil i-iin-nui. 
lizard (li/.'ilrd), n. [< MK. li-xiinlt; laxarde, < 
OF. le^ardj'lesard, Heard, F. lezard = Sp. Pg. 
