logic 
are derived from Ittfficun if/''//.-, lie \\ ho ilraw.s conclusions, 
and Iti'JU-tlX (/"fl'/tx, he who Harm's (lrlllnTI>tf.lliinl.-.. I'.lll 
the corresponding distinction of ihe l-i tn-Mit sri.-nee is 
not very clear, anil tin- terms are often used vaguely anil 
incorrectly. Acquired logic, <>r loglca docens, tin- o >r 
rect knowledge or strictly seientille part of the rules of 
n-asnninu, a.* Mji]n,sr<l I- or flic natural fac- 
ulty of reasoning. Applied logic, rules for tlic ilinv- 
tion of the understanding under the psychological con- 
ditions to which it is subjected ; Hint part of logic which 
shows how to avoid prejudice, how to escape various erro- 
neous tendencies, etc. Aristotelian logic, fee Aris- 
totelian. Artlflclal logic. () i'he loqolred habit of 
distinguishing truth from falsehood; the science, art, or 
organon of logic: also called acquired logic: opposed to 
natural Imjic (a). (6) The science of the necessary rules 
of thought : also called Hcietttijic tojic : opposed to natural 
loyic (c). Calculus of logic. See calculus. Concrete 
logic. See abulract logic. Deductive logic, that branch 
of logic which takes no account of probability or other 
quantitative considerations. Formal logic. See for- 
inal. Habitual logic. .See habitual. Inductive logic, 
the logic of scientific reasoning. Material logic, the 
logic which takes into account either the laws of the pro- 
cess of human cognition or the matter to which the thought 
is directed. Natural logic, (a) The natural faculty of 
distinguishing truth from falsity: also culled native loyic. 
(6) The logical doctrine applicable to natural things: op- 
posed to the logic of faith, which is applicable to super- 
natural things (a distinction used In discussions on the 
Trinity), (c) All anthropological science which treats of 
the rules of the natural use of the understanding. Ob- 
jective logic. () The body of doctrines of which logic 
is built up: also called xi/xteinalic logic : opposed to habitual 
loyic, which is any individual's knowledge of those doc- 
trines. (6) The logic of objective thought, or thought as 
it exists in the external world, (c) The science which ex- 
pounds the laws by which our scientific procedure should 
be governed, so far as these lie in the contents, materials, 
or objects about which our knowledge is conversant. Also 
called material logic. Particular logic. Hee universal 
logic. Pure logic, tile general laws of thought : opposed 
to applied or modified litgic, the laws of logic applicable 
to this or that kind of mind as shown in empirical anthro- 
pology, such as the doctrine of Bacon concerning idola. 
Scientific logic. Same asar(inaano</t<:(&). Subjective 
logic, the opposite of objective logic in any sense. Subjec- 
tivist logic, or subjectlvistlcally formal logic, a sys- 
tem of logic whose only aim is to give thought a subjective 
agreement with itself, such, for example, as the system of 
Manscll : opposed to obkctieixtic loyic, which aims at rules 
for making or aiding thought to agree with the reality. 
To chop logic. See chops. Universal logic, the gen- 
eral logical doctrine applicable to all matter: opposed to 
particular loyic, the doctrine of the application of the for- 
mulas of logic to particular cases for example, to neces- 
sary contingent, probable, and impossible matter. 
II. a. Pertaining to God the Son as the Logos 
or Word of God. [Rare.] 
The Fathers, rejecting all savour of a bloody sacrifice, 
have no scruple of speaking about the Eucharist as a 
sacrifice in the other sense : they call it a "logic sacrifice " 
(duiria Ao-ycKq), for the Logos is the Word of God, Jesus 
Christ. Baring-Gould, Our Inheritance, p. 382. 
logical (loj'i-kal), a. and . [< logic + -al.~] I. 
a. 1 . Of or pertaining to logic ; used or taught 
in logic : as, logical subtleties. 
They are put off by the names of vertues, and natures, 
and actions, and passions, and such other logicall words. 
Bacon, Nat. Hist., 98. 
2. According to the principles of logic; so 
stated or conceived, as an argument, that the 
form guarantees its validity; unobjectionable 
from the point of view of logic ; consistent: as, 
logical reasoning; a logical division of a sub- 
ject; a logical definition. 3. Skilled in logic ; 
furnished with logic ; given to considering the 
processes of reason as to their forms or genera, 
and critically as to their validity and cogency : 
applied especially to an analytical mind or a 
methodical habit. Logical abecedarium. See 
abecedarium. Logical abstraction. See abstraction. 
Logical actuality, the satisfying of the principle of 
sufficient reason. Logical addition. See addition. 1. 
Logical algebra. See algebra. Logical conviction, 
intellectual conviction; the settlement of individual be- 
lief by reason. - Logical distinctness, the accurate logi- 
cal analysis of a concept ion. Logical division, (a) See </i- 
rwioH. (b) The division of a genus into species. Logical 
Induction, see iiui action, :>. Logical machine. See 
machine. Logical medicine, dogmatic or methodic medi- 
cine : opposed to empiric medicine. Logical moments 
of judgments, the different modes of uniting representa- 
tions Into one consciousness. Logical necessity. See 
necessity. Logical partt, a species considered relatively 
to its genus. Logical perfection, the perspicuity, har- 
mony, and completeness of a science : opposed tn mtif>'i-<'"! 
perfeclinn. Logical possibility, the possibility of that 
which does not involve contradiction. Logical pre- 
sumption, ampllative inference; a scientific induction 
or hypothesis. -Logical privation, the absence of a 
form that ought to oe in a subject: opposed to pltii^ic'i! 
privation, or the absence of a form that is sometimes in a 
subject. Logical reflection, the comparison of con- 
cepts. Logical truth, (a) Tlie truth of a proposition; 
the agreement cf a judgment with the reality. (&> Self- 
consistency. - Logical whole, a genus considered as hav- 
ing its species as parts. =Syn. 1. Dialectic. 2. Coherent, 
consistent. 3. Analytical, methodical. 
II. n. Used only in the phrase little (xmnll) 
loffieah. These are the logical doctrines of supposition, 
ampliation, restriction, distribution, tlic cxponibles, con- 
sequences, obligations, insoluhlcs, etc. 
They (the I'topiansl have not devised one of all those 
rules of resti ictii-iis. amplifications, very wittily invented 
in the small hfftouu which here our children in every 
place do learn. .s'iY '/'. .V-KV I topia(tr.by Kobinson), ii. 7. 
3505 
logicality (loj-i-kal'i-ti), . [< logical + -ill/.] 
Jut qualiu of lii-injj Logtaal: correctness or 
I'ou.sislrney nf reasoning; logicalness. 
logicalization (loj'i-kal-i-za'shpn), . [< '".'/<- 
rnti:.<- + -ii/ion.] The act of logicaliziug or 
making logical. [Rare.] 
The mere act of writing tends in a great measure to the 
Ivificalizatum ut thought. /'< , Marginalia, xvi. 
logicalize (loj'i-kal-iz), r. t. ; pret. and pp. logi- 
mli. fit, ppr. loyicali:ing. [< logical + -izi:] 
To make logical. [Rare.] 
Thought is Imjicaliud by the effort at ... expression. 
/'". Marginalia, xvl. 
logically (loj'i-kal-i), adv. According to logi- 
cal principles, or by formally valid inference: 
as, to argue logically. 
logicalness (loj'i-kal-nes), n. The quality of 
being logical. 
logic-chopping (loj'ik-chop'ing), n. Quibbling 
or sophistical reasoning. See to chop logic, un- 
der c no/) 2 , v. t. 
logic-fistedt, n. Close-fisted. [Rare.] 
One with an open-handed freedom spends all he lays 
his fingers on ; another with a logic-flirted gripphigneas 
catches at and grasps all he can come within the reach 
of. Kennel, tr. of Erasmus's Praise of Folly, p. 87. 
logician (16-jish'an), . [< logic + -ian,~\ 1. One 
who is skilled in logic or in argument; a teach- 
er or professor of logic. 
First, like a right cunning and sturdy logician, he denies 
my argument, not mattering whether in the major or mi- 
nor. Milton, t'olasterion. 
Aristotle, who was the best Critick, was also one of the 
best Logicians that ever appeared in the World. 
Addison, Spectator, No. 291. 
2. In medieval universities, a student of arts 
in the second class or lection ; one who was 
preparing for the baccalaureate, being above 
the summulists and below the physicians. 
logicianert (lo-jish'an-er), n. [< logician + 
-</!.] Same as logician, 1. 
There is no good loyiciojicr but would think, I think, 
that a syllogism thus formed of such a thieving major, a 
runaway minor, and a tralteroiis. consequent must needs 
prove at the weakest to such a hanging argument. 
Patten (Arber's Eug. Garner, III. 1S7). 
logicize (loj'i-siz), v. *'.; pret. and pp. logMzed, 
ppr. logicizing. [< logic + -Aw.] To exercise 
one's logical powers; argue. Also spelled logi- 
cise. [Rare.] 
Intellect is not speaking and logicising; it Is seeing and 
ascertaining. Cariyle. 
logicst (loj'iks), n. [PI. of logic: see -to.] The 
science or principles of logic. 
logie (16'gi), w. [Origin obscure. Cf. logy.} A 
bit of hollowed-out pewter polished in various 
concavities and used as theatrical jewelry. 
[Theatrical slang.] 
logistt (16'jist), w. [< LL. logista, < Gr. ZoyurrfK, 
a reckoner, an accountant, < toyi&uBtu, reckon, 
< Xrfj-of, an account : see Logos.] An expert ac- 
countant. Bailey, 1731. 
logistic (lo-jis'tik), a. and . [= P. logistique, 
< Gr. Tayiorutf, skilled in calculating (fern. 
/U>j'mic#, the art of calculation), < XoyKnv/f, a 
calculator, < s.oyi&atiat, compute, < ~A,6yo$, cal- 
culation, proportion: see logic, Logos.] I. a. 
It. Logical. Berkeley. 2. Skilled in or per- 
taining to computation and calculation. 
Plato's dislike of the Sophists extended to the subjects 
which they taught, and he is on many occasions careful 
to distinguish the vulgar logistic from the philosophical 
arithmetic. J. Oow, Hist. Ureek Mathematics. 
3. Proportional; pertaining to proportions. 
Logistic arithmetic. 
See n. Logistic line or 
curve, a curve whose ordi- 
nates increase arithmetically 
while its abscissas Increase 
geometrically. Also called loy- 
arithmic curve. See the fig- 
ure. Logistic logarithm. 
See logarithm. Logistic spi- 
ral. Same as logarithmic spi- I-ogistk Cutve. 
ral. See logarithmic. 
II. n. (a) The art of calculation, with the fin- 
gers, with an abacus, with characters, or other- 
wise; practical or vulgar arithmetic. (6) Sex- 
a i,"'*imal arithmetic Specious logistic, the art of 
calculating by means of geometrical constructions. 
logistical (lo-jis'ti-kal), a. [< logistic + -al.] 
Same as logiatic. 
logistics (16-jis'tiks), n. [PI. of logistic: see 
-<.] 1. Same as logistic, especially in sense 
(6). 2. That branch of military science which 
relates to the movement and supplying of ar- 
mies, and all arrangements necessary for and 
matters connected with the carrying on of cam- 
paigns, including the study of present or pos- 
sible fields of war in their topographical and 
iilhcr relations; according to some, the science 
of strategy and arms in general. 
logographical 
log-line (log'lin), . 1= Sw. loglimi = Dan. log- 
liiti'; as In;/- + //-.] \aiil., a line or cord, 
from 150 to li(X) fathoms in length, fastened to 
the log-chip by means of three legs of cord, and 
wound on a reel, called the lng-rei-1. See log 2 . 
logman (log'mau), n.; pi. logmen (-men). 1. A 
man who carries logs. 
The very Instant that I saw you, did 
My heart fly to your service : . . . for your sake 
Ami this patient log-man. Shot., Tempest, ill. 1. 07. 
2. One employed in cutting and conveying logs 
to a mill. [Local, U. 8.] 
log-measurer (log'uH'/lf ur-or), . An instru- 
ment for gaging logs and reducing the measure 
in the rough to board-measure, in running feet, 
after making due allowance for losses in squar- 
ing, etc. 
logocracy (log-ok'ra-si), . [< Gr. >6}of, word 
(see Logos), + Kpareiv, govern, viyxiTof, strength.] 
Government by the power of words. [Rare.] 
In this country every man adopts some particular slang- 
whanger as the standard of his judgment, and reads every- 
thing he writes, if he reads nothing else : which Is doubt- 
less the reason why the people of this logocracy are so mar- 
vellously enlightened. Irving, Salmagundi, \i\ . 
logocyclic (log-o-sik'lik), a. [< Gr. Ao>of, ratio, 
proportion, + xt'it/of, circle.] An epithet oc- 
curring only in the 
phrase logocyclic ctm-e } a 
crunodal circular cubic. 
It may be constructed by In- 
creasing and diminishing the 
radius vector of a variable Logocyclic Curve. 
point on a straight line by 
the distance of that point from the point of the line near- 
est to the origin. The equation of the curve la 
(12 + y-i) C2a-x) = 02*. 
It resembles the folium of Descartes, but has a rounder 
loop. 
logodaedaly (log-o-ded'al-i), . [< LL. logo- 
tlifdalia, < LGr. ?.o}oAaii!a).ia, < Gr. ?.ojo6 t a5a/of, 
skilled in tricking out a speech, < >.<ijof, word, 
+ dajoWof, cunningly wrought: see dedal.] 
Verbal legerdemain ; a playing with words, as 
by passing from one meaning of them to an- 
other. [Rare.] 
For one instance of mere logomachy, I could bring ten 
instances of logodaedaly or verbal legerdemain. Coleridge. 
logogram (log'o-gram), n. [< Gr. /ujoc, word, 
+ ypaufia, a letter: see grammar.] 1. A word- 
sign; a single written character, or a combi- 
nation of characters regarded as a unit, rep- 
resenting a whole word. A logogram may be pic- 
torial that Is, it may be an ideogram, such as the astro- 
nomical signs - for the sun and c for the moon ; or it may 
be phonetic in its immediate origin that is, it may be a 
single letter or set of letters standing as an abbreviation 
for the complete word, as c. for cent, s. for ishuling; or, 
lastly, it may be such a letter or set of letters transferred 
from one language to another, losing its phonetic value, 
but still representing the same idea, as or Ib. for the 
Latin libra, signifying and pronounced pound. 
2. A versified puzzle containing synonyms of 
a number of words derived from a single word 
by recombining its letters, the solution de- 
pending upon the guessing of the derived 
words from the synonyms, and the discovery 
from the former of the original word. Thus, 
from curtain may be derived cur, curt, nut, etc., for which 
may be used in the puzzle dog, short, shell-fruit, etc. 
logbgraph (log'o-graf), . [< Gr. ?.o>oc, word, 
+ ypafetv, write.] 1. A written word; a char- 
acter or series of characters representing a 
word. See logographic, 1, and logography, 1. 
2. A word-writer; an instrument for record- 
ing spoken sounds. 
Barlow has constructed an apparatus for recording the 
sounds of the human voice, which he calls a logograph. 
Smithsonian Report, 11-80, p. 251. 
logographer (16-gog'ra-fer), n. [< logograjiny 
+ -cr 1 .] 1. In anc. Gr. lit., a prose-writer; 
especially, a historian. Under the name of logog- 
raphers are commonly classed the early Greek historians 
before Herodotus. This school of writers began with Cad- 
mus of Miletus, about 550 n. c., and continued for over a 
century. They wrote in the Ionic dialect, and most of 
them were lonians by birth. 
2. One who is skilled in logography. 
logographic (log-o-graf'ik), a. [< Gr. >o>o- 
)pa<jnn6f, concerning the writing of speeches, 
< foyoypdipof, a writer of speeches: see logog- 
raphy.] 1. Pertaining to written words ; con- 
sisting of characters or signs each of which 
singly represents a complete word. 
English is, like Chinese, not alphabetic in its dress, but 
logographic: and there Is no man living, in England or 
America, who has learned or can learn to read It : that is, 
to pronounce anything and everything written in it. 
T. Hill, True Order of Studies, p. 106. 
2. Pertaining to logography. 
logographical (log-o-graf'i-kal), a. [< logo- 
+ -a I.] Same as logograiiliic. 
