Ion. 
Ion. An abbreviation of li 
Lonchaea (long-ke'il), . [NL. (Ballon, 1820), 
< Gr. t-uyxn, a. spear-hciid. sprnr, lancr: 
!.] The 
. he typical genus of l.<in<-lnriilti: They 
arc suiitll, thick, nifLillic Hie*, with a strongly protruding 
o\ ipn.sitor ill the female. Thclarvte fei'd under tin- hark of 
the M,-in , itnil Mini uf in ill plants. .More limn .: p i Ijtro. 
nt-an and (1 North Aniri ; tn km-wii, //. polita 
being une of the latter. 
Lonchaeicloo (long-kfi'i-dfi), u. pi. [NL. (Osten- 
Siirkon, 1878), < l.nnclum + -Mte.] A family 
of J)i/>tri-it, allied to OrtalitkK, chiefly character- 
ized by thi) wing-venation, and containing the 
genera Ltnicluni and I'tillo/iti-i-ii. 
Loncheres (long-ke'rez), . [NL., < Gr. ^yXh- 
l>r/f, armed with a spear, < U}x>i, a spear (see 
/ec l ),+ 1/ ap, fit: see arm 1 .'] ASouthAmer- 
iciin ;;i'uus i)f hystricomorphic rodents of the 
family Urttxloiitida! and subfamily Echinomyimi', 
having the fur usually mixed with flattened 
Hpines. The spiny rats. L. crwtata and L. pieta, are two 
prettily marked species, the former with a snowy crest 
anil tail-tip. 
Lonchitideae (long-ki-tid'e-e), n. j>l. [NL., < 
Loiifhili.i (Loiir/iitid-) + -e<e.] A section of 
ferns proposed by Presl in 1836, typified by the 
genus Loitt'hiti/i. It is now abandoned, and the 
genus is placed in the tribe I'ti ridea. 
Lonchitis (long-kl'tis), . [NL., < L. loitrliitix. 
a spear, < Gr. 'Ao'/xiTu; the tongue-shaped or 
lance-shaped stand, T-grass, < '-fyxii * spear, 
lance: see lance 1 .] A small genus of poly- 
podiaceous ferns, typifying the section LOH- 
rliitideie of Presl, and closely allied to the ge- 
nus .tiliidilinii. The fronds are strong, erect, deltoid, 
nnd tripinnatitld, ami the sori are marginal and covered 
by an indiisium as in Adinntinii. 
Lonchocarpeae (long-ko-kiir'pe-e), n.pl. [NL., 
< Lonekoearpiu + -eas."] A subtribe of legu- 
minous plants, typified by the genus Loncho- 
carpus, belonging to the tribe Dalbergiece, and 
distinguished by the generally opposite leaves 
and the transversely or laterally affixed, not 
pendulous, seeds. It embraces 9 genera of 
tropical trees and shrubs. 
Lonchocarpus(long-k6-kar'pus),. [NL.(Hum- 
boldt, Bonpland, and Kunth, 1823), < Gr. Uyxi, 
a spear, lance, + /ta/rof, fruit.] A genus of 
leguminous plants of the tribe Dalbergicce, the 
type of the subtribe Lonckoearpta. it is distin- 
guished by having the wings adhering to the keel of the flow- 
ers, and by the flat niembranaceous or coriaceous pod witii 
the superior suture transversely nerved but not winged at 
the back. The species are about 55 in number, including 
trees and shrubs. Most of them are found in tropical 
America, a few in tropical Africa, and one in Australia. /. . 
lat\foKw< of the West Indies, etc., is called bitchirood. L. 
Klackii, a tall woody climber of Queensland and New South 
Wales, is called lancepod. Home species are ornamental. 
Loncnoptera (long-kop'te-ril), . [NL. (Mei- 
gen, 1803), < Gr. Myxt, a spear, lance, + Trrep6v, 
a wing, = E. feather."] The typical genus of 
LonCHOpterida: They are small delicate flies of yellow- 
brown or gray color, characterized by the lanceolation 
and venation of the wings, abounding on stones along 
shady watercourses. About 20 European species are 
known, two of which are also founil in North America. 
Lonchopteridae (long-kop-tei-'i-de), n.pl. [NL. 
(Maequart, ls:t.">), < LoHchoptcra + -id.] A 
family of dichietous dipterous insects, typified 
by the only genus, Lonchoptera, having the 
wings acutely pointed and without a median 
cross-vein. 
Loncbopteris (long-kop'te-ris), . [NL. 
(Brongniart, 1828), < Gr. fAyx'i, a spear, lance, 
+ irrepic, a fern.] A genus of fossil ferns found 
in the coal-measures of England and France. 
Lonchopteris rnfosa. 
It is related to Diftyopteris and AletJiopterix, the pinnules 
having a very distinct median nerve and a reticulated lat- 
eral venation. It embraces about 30 species, found abun- 
dantly in the co-.il-measures of Europe, and occurring in 
those of Sydney, Tape Breton, and of China, but ranging 
upu'.ml to the Upper Cretaceous, and common in the Weal- 
den of Kngland and Uclgium and in the Cretaceous of 
Westphalia. The oldetMesozoic (Rhetic) beds of Virginia 
and V'lth .r;ui>lin:i also contain it. 
londt, >i- A Middle English form of land 1 . 
Londenoyst, [ME.,< OF. (AF.) Londenois; as 
Loinlon + -r.sr, the form Luiidoni^r being also 
in recent use.] A Londoner; one born in Lon- 
don. Chiincer. 
London board. See buttnt. 
London clay. A geological formation of im- 
portance in southeastern England, and espe- 
cially at and near London, whence the name. 
It belongs to the lower division of the Kocene Tertiary, 
being separated from the Cretaceous by the WtKilwieh, 
Iti-ading, and ThaneL beds. The London clay has a inaxi- 
iNiiin thickness of alxjtlt .">*KI feet, and seems to have been 
i.iiil iliiun near the mouth of a large estuary of the sea, 
into which relics of the vegetation and fauna of the adja- 
cent land were swept. The thickness of the clay under 
the city of London varies with the amount of erosion which 
has taken place in the scooping out of the valley of the 
Thames. The full thickness of the formation is preserved 
under the outliers of the Bagshot sand which occurs in 
various places near the city, especially at Hampstead and 
Highgate. 
Londoner (lun'dun-er), . [< ME. Londoucrr 
(f), < London, < AS. Luiidcn, also Liindenburh 
(luirli, > E. borough), Lundenceaster (coaster, > E. 
Chester), Lundentcic (wic, > E. wlch), < L. Lnnili- 
iiium, of Celtic origin.] A native or citizen of 
London in England. 
The King by Proclamation calls the Londoners to West- 
minster, and there causeth the Bishops of Worcester and 
( 'hichester to declare his Intentions. 
Baker, Chronicle*, p. 88. 
Londonese (luu-duu-es' or -ez'), a. and n. [< 
London + -ese. Cf. Londenoys. The AS. form 
was Litiidcuixr.'] I. . Pertaining to London 
in England, or to its peculiarities of speech; 
cockney. 
II. n. English as spoken in London ; espe- 
cially, cockney speecn. 
Londonism(lun'dun-izm), ji. [< Lotulim + -ism.] 
A mode of speaking, acting, or behaving pecu- 
liar to London. 
Londonize (Inn'dun-Iz), v. ; pret. and pp. Lon- 
ilin<i:i.'d, ppr. Londonizing. [< London + -ize.'] 
1. trans. To invest with some attribute charac- 
teristic of London or the people of London. 
II. intrans. To adopt or imitate the manners 
or the fashions of Londoners. 
London paste. See paste. 
London-pride (lun'dun-prid), . 1. A British 
plant, Saxifraga umbrosa, common in cottage- 
gardens. Also called none-so-pretty and St. 
Patrick's cabbage. 2. The sweet-william, LH- 
anthus barbatus. Also called London-tuft. [Old 
or local.] 
London purple. See purple. 
London-rocket (lun'dun-rok"ef), . A plant, 
fiiifymbrium Irio, which grows in waste places 
throughout Europe, and was formerly common 
in the neighborhood of London, first appearing 
just after the great fire of 1666. 
London smoke, sprat, white, etc. See smoke, 
etc. 
London-toft (lun'dun-tuft), . Same as Lon- 
don-pride, 2. 
lone* (Ion), a. [By apheresis from alone, as 
/ire 2 from alive; lone 1 and live 2 being used at- 
tributively, while the full form, orig. a prep, 
phr., is used in the predicate.] 1. Being unac- 
companied; apart from any other; solitary; 
lonely; isolated: as, a lone traveler; a lone 
house. 
Enid, the pilot star of my lone life. Tennyarm, Qeraint. 
2. Single in state : living alone ; unmated or 
unmarried. 
mark is along one for a poor lone woman to 
Shot., 2 Hen. IV., U. 1. 35. 
3. Lonely; secluded; unfrequented. [Rare or 
poetical.] 
In some lone isle, or distant Northern land. 
Pope, B. of the L., IT. 154. 
Lone band, in the game of euchre, one person playing 
against all the others, or against his opponents without aid 
from his own side. Lone star. See star. 
lone' 2 (Ion), n. [< ME. lone, a var. of Jane: see 
/'(<!.] A lane. Also loan. [Prov. Eng.] 
Ione 3 t, A Middle English form of loan 1 . 
loneliness (lon'li-nes), n. 1. The condition of 
being lonely; solitariness; want of society or 
human interest : as, the loneliness of a hermit's 
cave. 
There's nothing left to fancy's guess, 
You see that all is loneliness. 
Scott, Marmion, ii., Int. 
2. The sense of being alone or lonely; dejec- 
tion from want of companionship or sympathy ; 
forlornness. 
Uphold me, Father, in my loneliness. 
Tennyson, Enoch Arden. 
A feeling of oppressive lonelinest conies over the spirit 
as the eye ranges across that voiceless wilderness. 
O' Donovan, Merv, xx. 
3f. Love of retirement; preference for solitude. 
Now I see 
The mystery of your loneliness. 
Shot., All's Well, 1. 3. 177. 
= Syn. Lmiesonwness, Retirement, etc. See solitude. 
A hundred 
bear. 
long 
lonely (lon'li), a. [< lour 1 -f -fi/l ; strictly, by 
apheresis from alonely.] 1. Unfrequented by 
men ; solitary ; desolate : as, a lonely situation. 
So lonely 'twas, that God himself 
.Scarce seemed there to be. 
CoUridye, Ancient .Mariner, Til. 
2. Lacking association or companionship; sol- 
itary; standing apart physically or mentally. 
Or let my lamp, at midnight hour, 
Be seen in some high lonely tower. 
Milton, II Penseroso, 1. 86. 
3. Sad or dejected from want of companion- 
ship or sympathy ; forsaken; forlorn. 
I never saw a more unforgetable face pale, serious, 
lonely. Dr. J. aroirn, Kab and his Friends. 
Why should I feel lonely f . . . What sort of space is 
that which separates a man from his fellows ? 
'/'In, mi n. Walden, p. 144. 
Right thro' his manful breast darted the pang 
That makes a man, In the sweet face of her 
\\ horn he loves most, lonely and miserable. 
Tennyton, Oeralnt. 
= Syn. 1. Lone, unfrequented, secluded, dreary. 3. Lone- 
some, companlonless. 
loneness (lon'ues), n. The state of being sin- 
gle or alone ; seclusion ; solitariness. 
Fresh beauty, let me not be thought uncivil. 
Thus to be partner of your lonenets. 
Fletcher, Faithful Shepherdess, L 2. 
lonesome (lon'sum), . [< lone 1 + -some.'] 1. 
Drearily solitary; secluded from society; de- 
jected from want of company. 
I have never felt lonesome, or in the least oppressed by 
a sense of solitude. Thoreau, Walden, p. 143. 
2. Expressing loneliness or dejection. [Bare.] 
Neither shall we content ourselves In Innemne tunes, 
and private soliloquies, to whisper out the divine praises. 
Barrow, Works, I. vlil. 
3. Secluded; unfrequented; lonely. 
Like one that on a lonesome road 
Doth walk in fear and dread. 
Coleridge, Ancient Mariner, vi. 
In November days, 
When vapors rolling down the valleys made 
A lonely scene more lonesome. 
Wordsworth, Influence of Natural Objects. 
lonesomely (16n'sum-li), rfc. In a lonesome 
manner. 
lonesomeness ( lon'sum-nes), n . The state of be- 
ing lonesome, in any sense of that word. =8yn. 
Liinflinftt*, Seclusion, etc. See solitude. 
long 1 (long), a. and n. [Sc. long; < ME. long, 
long, < AS. lang, long = OS. long, long = OFries. 
tang, long = tSD. D. toj/ = MLG. LG. OHG. lang, 
MHG. lane, G. lang = Icel. lanyr = Dan. long 
= Sw. l&ng = Goth, laggs, long, = L. longtis 
(> It. lungo = Pg. longo = Pr. long, lone, loitig 
= F. long), long; perhaps = OPers. drangti, 
long, the d being in this case lost, and the r 
changed to /, in L., etc. The L. word is not 
the source of the Tent., but merely cognate. 
From the AS. word are ult. E. lony%, along 1 , 
along 2 , belong, ling 1 , linger, length, etc.; from 
the L. are ult. E. elongate, longitude, longerity, 
oblong, prolong, cloin, eloign, purloin, lunge, etc.] 
1. . 1. Having great linear extent ; not short; 
having notable or unusual extent; relatively 
much extended or drawn out: as, a long dis- 
tance; towf/hair; a long arm. 
The walkes . . . are many, whereof some are very long. 
and of a convenient breadth. Cnryat, Crudities, L 87. 
Ills other parts besides, 
Prone on the flood, extended /<.'/ and large, 
Lay floating many a rood. Miltnn. f. 1 , , I. 195. 
But she has wrote a long letter, 
And sealed it with her hand. 
Catherine Johnstone (Child's Ballads, IV. 86). 
2. Having linearor continuous extent in space ; 
measured from end to end ; vie wed in the direc- 
tion of the greatest distance (that is, the dis- 
tance exceeding that of the width, or a line 
drawn at right angles to the width). 
The measure thereof is longer than the earth, and 
broader than the sea. Job \i. 9. 
TheCurucucn [a venomous snake], flfteene spannes long, 
which lieth on a tree to hunt his prey. 
Pnrchas, Pilgrimage, p. 842. 
3. Tall: as, long Tom Coffin. [Now only col- 
loq. or humorous.] 
Off Duke Nestor to deme, doughty in werre, 
He was Imt't A large, with lemys full grete. 
Destruction of Troy (E. E. T. S.), L 8806. 
4. Having duration or extent in time ; lasting 
in continuance: following a term of measure- 
ment or reckoning, or used relatively: as, a 
discourse an hour long ; the longest day of the 
year. 
It cannot be l"ii<i before we lie down in darkness, and 
have our light in ashes. Sir T. Brotrne, Vrn-borial, v. 
5. Drawn out in duration ; having unusual 
continuance ; lasting ; prolonged, as time, sue- 
