long 
cession, etc.: as, long hours of labor; long ill- 
ness; a lony Hue of descendants ; a long note. 
When they make a long blast with the ram's horn, . . . 
all the people shall shout. Josh. vi. 5. 
My Lord Chancellor Bacon is lately dead of a long lan- 
guishing weakness. Unwell, Letters, I. iv. 8. 
Long health, Ittwj youth, loiiff pleasure and a friend. 
Pope, To Mrs. Martha Bloiint. 
Specifically (a) In pros., greater in duration (technically 
called quantity) than the unit of time, or so regarded. A long 
vowel, or sometimes a vowel in a long syllable, is marked 
as such by a straight line above it, thus, a. In ancient or- 
thoepy and prosody a long vowel is regarded as consist- 
ing regularly of the sum of two similar short vowels, thus, 
a = a r a, and a diphthong is also necessarily long as 
the sum of two dissimilar short vowels, thus, au = a -f- n. 
In either case, if either element is already long, the ex- 
cess is not counted. See the phrases long by nature and 
long by position, below, and II. (6) In Eng. orthoepy, noting 
one of the two or more principal pronunciations of each of 
the five true vowels, a, e, i, o, u, exemplified in the words 
fate, mete, site, note, mute, usually marked for pronuncia- 
tion, as in this work, a, e, i, 6, u : opposed to the short sounds 
of the same letters in fat, met, sit, not, nut, frequently 
marked as a, e, I, 6, Q, but left unmarked in this work. 
The two sounds of the same letter now called long and 
short do not, for the most part, phonetically correspond to 
each other ; but short is used specifically to note the more 
frequently employed of the shorter sounds of a certain let- 
ter, and long, by a similar limitation, for the more usual 
among the longer sounds of the same letter in our estab- 
lished orthography. 
6. Far-reaching; far-seeing: as, a long look 
ahead. 
Thus proving in his bud maturely sage, 
And long in Wisdom, e'er in years of age. 
J. Beaumont, Psyche, i. 82. 
The perennial existence of bodies corporate and their 
fortunes are things particularly suited to a man who has 
long views. Burke. 
7. Happening or occurring after a protracted 
interval ; much delayed or postponed. 
Death will not be long in coming. Ecclus. xiv. 12. 
He stopped me, as I made for the staircase, to extort a 
promise that I would not be long: nor was I long: in five 
minutes I rejoined him. Charlotte Bronte, Jane Eyre, xxv. 
8. Seeming prolonged; tedious; wearisome: 
as, long hours of waiting. 
The weary night was longer yet 
Than was the day, and harder to forget 
The thoughts that come therewith. 
William Morris, Earthly Paradise, III. 151. 
A long bit, a long chalk. See the nouns. A long day , 
a far-off time ; extended postponement ; long suspense or 
respite. A long dozen, one more than a dozen ; thirteen. 
See bakers' dozen, under baker. A long face, a face wear- 
ing an expression of sadness or solemnity : so called from 
the drawing down of the facial lines. Along figure, a 
high price; a large sum. [Colloq. or slang.] A long head, 
a mind characterized by sagacity, foresight, and shrewd- 
ness with caution. A long row to hoe. See Aoei. A 
long tongue, a tongue given to tedious or mischievous 
loquacity. 
Get you gone, sirrah ; 
And what you have seen be secret in ; you are paid else ; 
No more of your long tongue. 
Fletcher, Wildgoose Chase, v. 4. 
As broad as long. See broad. At the long last, in 
the end, however far off ; finally. 
Human nature, which, at the long last, is always to 
blame. Lowell, Study Windows, p. 131. 
Before long, before a long time has elapsed; shortly; 
soon: as, I shall see him before long. Common long 
meter. See common. Cut and long tailt. See cut, 
p. a. Ere long. Same aa before long, but commonly used 
of a shorter interval : as, ere long the storm became furious. 
For long, for or during a long time, absolutely or com- 
paratively. 
For long agone I have forgot to court ; 
Besides, the fashion of the time is changed 
Shak., T. O. of V., iii. 1. 85. 
love, I have not seen you for so long. 
Tennyson, Lover's Tale, iv. 
In the long run. See TOM Long appogglatura See 
appoggiatura.'LouK bob, a kind of peruke worn about 
the middle of the eighteenth century. Long bone, in 
anat., one of the elongated and cylmdric bones of the 
limbs, as a humerus or femur. In a former classifica- 
tion bones were distinguished as long, short flat and 
irregular. Long by nature, in anc. pros., noting a syl- 
lable long or prolonged in utterance by virtue of its con- 
taining a long vowel, or the equivalent of this in time, a 
diphthong, whether followed by two or more consonants 
or not. See nature. Long by position, in anc. pros. , not- 
ing a syllable containing a short vowel immediately fol- 
lowed by two or more consonants or by a double consonant. 
The vowel remains short in pronunciation, but the time 
of the syllable is prolonged by the delay occasioned by 
the enunciation of the consonants. See position. Long 
chop. See chopi, 2. Long clam, (a) The common 
clam, Mya arenaria, and related species: so called in dis- 
tinction from round clams, as species of Venus, Mactra, 
eta. (6) The razorshell, Ensis americana. Long clav 
cloth, clothes, division. See the nouns. Long dress 
in female apparel, a skirt descending to the feet : as, a girl 
not yet in long dresses. Long drum, an old name of the 
bassdrum. Seedremi. Lougfeeler. Seefeelcr. Long 
flax. See flax. Long float. See float, 9. Long haul! 
short haul, phrases in railroad use to express the relative 
length of transportation, in connection with the amount of 
charges for the respective services. The long- and short- 
haul clause of the Interstate Commerce Act of the United 
States provides that "it shall be unlawful for any common 
carrier subject to the provisions of this act to charge or re- 
3510 
ceive any greater compensation in the aggregate for the 
transportation of passengers or of like kind of property, 
under substantially similar circumstances and conditions, 
for a shorter than for a longer distance over the same 
line, in the same direction, the shorter being included in 
the longer distance ; but this shall not be construed as 
authorizing any common carrier within the terms of this 
act to charge and receive as great compensation for a 
shorter as for a longer distance." The Interstate Com- 
merce Commission have power to grant relief from this 
restriction under circumstances which would make it un- 
just to the carrier. Long home, hundred, isinglass. 
See the nouns. Long lay, a small proportion in the pro- 
fits of a whaling- voyage accruing to certain members of the 
crew, such as the foremast-hands, etc. : opposed to short lay. 
See layi, 6. Long measure, meter, mordent, odds. 
See the nouns. Long of stock or 01 stocks, well sup- 
plied with a stock or stocks, as a broker or stock-specula- 
tor; holding a stock, or contracts for the purchase of a 
stock, for a rise, as a bull in the stock-market. Long par- 
ticular meter. See meters. Long pig, the literal ren- 
dering by English sailors of the term applied to a corpse 
by the Fiji cannibals. 
The expression long pig is not a Joke, nor a. phrase in- 
vented by Europeans, but one frequently used by the 
Fijians, who looked upon a corpse as ordinary butcher 
meat, and called a human body puaka balava, long pig, in 
contradistinction to puaka dina, or real pig. 
St. Johnston, Camping among Cannibals. 
Long rest. See long-rest. Long robe, roll, etc. Seethe 
nouns. Long stralghtt, stretched out; at length. 
He rist hym up and long streight he hire leide. 
Chaucer, Troilus, iv. 1163. 
Long torn, vacation, wheel, etc. See the nouns. Long 
ton, a ton of 2,240 pounds, reckoned as 20 hundredweight 
of 112pounds each. Long verse, a name sometimes given 
to the dactylic hexameter. To drawthe long bow. See 
to draw the longbow, under longbow. To make a long 
arm. See make' 1 -. 
II. . 1. Something that has length; also, the 
full extent : used in some elliptical expressions, 
as in English universities for the long vacation, 
and in the phrase the long and the short of it. 
Six weeks were to elapse before the Long commenced. 
F. W. Farrar, Julian Home, p. 184. 
In the vacations, particularly the Long, there is every 
facility for reading. 
C. A. Bristed, English University, p. 105. 
2. In pros., a long time or syllable. In ancient 
prosody a long is a time greater than a short, or a syllable 
requiring a perceptibly greater time to pronounce than 
is required by a short. A short, comparable to an eighth- 
note in modern music, being assumed as the mora or unit 
of time, the regular or normal long is equivalent to two 
shorts, and is comparable to a quarter-note in music, con- 
suming twice the time in pronunciation required by the 
regular or normal short, and resolvable under certain 
conditions into two shorts, just as two shorts may be con- 
tracted into one long. Thus, an iambus, or short followed 
by a long, may appear as a tribrach or three shorts ; and a 
dactyl, or long followed by two shorts, is generally inter- 
changeable with a spondee that is, a long followed by an- 
other long. Besides the normal (dichronous or disemic) 
long, ancient writers also recognize longs equivalent to 
three, four, and five shorts, called trichronous (trisemic\ 
tetrachronous (tetrasemic), and pentachronous (pentase- 
mic) longs respectively, as well as others, called irrational, 
which can only be expressed fractionally : for instance, 1 j 
shorts. Such a long (one of 1J morse) could be used to rep- 
resent a short. In ancient pronunciation the syllabic ac- 
cent was a matter more of pitch or tone than of stress, and 
the metrical accent (ictus or beat) was independent of it, 
and regularly fell on a syllable long in time. In modern 
languages a difference between shorts and longs in actual 
time of utterance exists to a greater or less degree, but is 
partially or wholly subordinated to syllabic accent, which 
is principally or altogether a matter of stress. The ictus 
in modern poetry regularly coincides with this syllabic 
stress, and in this accordingly a long is a syllable taking 
the stress, or ictus, without regard to the time occupied 
in pronunciation. 
"I have seen some longs and shorts [i. e. some verses] of 
Hittall's," said I, "about the Calydonian Boar, which were 
not bad." M. Arnold, Friendship's Garland, vi. 
The average long would occupy rather less than twice 
the time of the average short. J. Uadley, Essays, p. 264. 
3. In medieval musical notation, anote equivalent 
in time-value either to three or to two breves, 
according as the rhythm was "per- ~ . = ~ 
feet" or ' ' imperf ec t. " Its form was - r *-^-E 
Per long, in her., longer than usual : said 
generally of a part of a bearing : as, a label with lambeaux 
per long; i cross fltche per long, in which the sharpened 
point is prolonged. The long and the short, or the 
snort and the long, the sum of a matter in a few words 
the length and the breadth ; the whole : with of. 
For I am small, 
My wife, is tall, 
And that's the short and long of It I 
Hood, Paired, not Matched. 
long 1 (l&ng), adv. [< ME. longe, < AS. lange 
(= G. lang), for a long time, far, < lung, long: 
see longl, n.] 1. To a great extent in space; 
with much length : as, a line long drawn out. 
The pillars' foJ7-extended rows. Prior, Solomon, ii. 28. 
2f. Far; to or at a distance, or an indicated 
distance. 
He come to the Castelle, and cam in to the Cave ; and 
wente so longe, til that he fond a Chambre. 
Mandeville, Travels, p. 24. 
The Saisnes . . . thus distroied the contrey and made 
soche martire of the mene peple that men myght se the 
smolder of the fire x myle longe, so trouble ther-of was 
'he aire. Merlin (E. E. T. S.), ii. 248. 
longanimity 
3. To a great extent in time ; for an extended 
period ; with prolonged duration : as, he has 
been long dead; it happened long ago, long 
before, or long afterward; a fow/-eontinued 
drought; a toH</-forgotten matter. 
When the trumpet soundeth long, they shall come up to 
the mount. Ex. xix. 13. 
And now the long protracted wars are o'er. 
Addison, tr. of Horace, iii. 3. 
We have long discovered our errors with regard to you. 
Goldsmith, Vicar, xxx. 
And the psalms of David, forgotten long, 
Took the place of the scoffer's song. 
Whitticr, The Preacher. 
4. For a length of time ; for the period of : used 
with terms of limitation : as, how long shall you 
remain ? as long as I can ; all day long. 
And she gan wepen ever lenger the more. 
Chaucer, Franklin's Tale, 1. 734. 
The Emperoure hym owne selfe ordant onon, 
fforto bilde vp tenttes, tariet no lengur. 
Destruction of Troy (E. E. T. S.), 1. 6021. 
The woman ... is bound by the law to her husband 
so long as he liveth. Horn. vii. 2. 
As Pascal said of his eighteenth letter, I would have 
made it shorter if I could have kept it longer. 
Macaulay, in Trevelyan, I. 225. 
Long ago, far away in past time ; in the far past. 
Yesterday shall seem full long ago, 
When with to-morrow's dew the grass is wet. 
William Morris, Earthly Paradise, II. 237. 
long 1 (l&ng), v. [< ME. longen, longien, langien, 
< AS. langian = OS. langon = D. langen = 
OHG. langen, MHG. langen, in comp. belang- 
en, rarely verlangen, G. only rerlangen, long, 
crave : usually derived from lang, E. long 1 , a., 
and explained by identifying the verb with AS. 
langian, become long, as ' to stretch the mind 
after.' But the verb maybe of different origin, 
perhaps a secondary form connected with OHG. 
gilingen (pret. gilang), MHG. G. gelingen, strive 
after, attain.] I. intrants. To have a yearning 
or wistful desire ; feel a strong wish or crav- 
ing; hanker: followed by for or after before 
the object of desire, or by an infinitive. 
I have longed after thy precepts. Ps. cxix. 40. 
Come, honest Venator, let us be gone, let us make haste ; 
I long to be doing; no reasonable hedge or ditch shall hold 
me. I. Walton, Complete Angler, p. 58. 
Oft, when the wine in his glass was red, 
He longed for the wayside well instead. 
Whittier, Maud Muller. 
Their silent pain 
Who have long'd deeply once, and long'd in vain. 
M. Arnold, A Summer Night. 
Il.t trans. To long for ; desire. 
To seen hire sustre that hire longeth soo. 
Chaucer, Good Women, 1. 2286. 
long 2 (long), conj. [By apheresis from along"*.] 
Same as along: in the phrase long of, sometimes 
written 'long of. [Archaic or local.] 
Mit. How comes it that Fungoso appeared not with his 
sister's intelligence to Brisk ? 
Cor. Marry, long of the evil angels that she gave him. 
B. Jonson, Every Man out of his Humour, iv. 4. 
Dark Musgrave, it was lony of thee. 
Scott, L. of L. M., v. 29. 
Iong 3 t (long), c. i. [< ME. longen, langen, equiv. 
to belongen, belong: see belong.] To belong. 
Thow has clenly the cure that to my coroune langez, 
Of alle my werdez wele, and my weyffe eke. 
Morte Arthure (E. E. T. S.), 1. 673. 
And that me semes longs not for him to do. 
Paston Letters, I. 97. 
long. Aii abbreviation of longitude. 
-long. See -ling%. 
longan (long'gan), n. [NL. longaiimn; < Chin. 
lung-yen, drago'h's-eye.] 1. An evergreen tree, 
Nephelium Longanum, closely related to the 
lichi, and yielding a similar but smaller and 
less palatable fruit. It is cultivated in China 
and the East Indies. 2. The fruit itself, which 
is exported in a dried state. 'Also called drag- 
ou's-eye. 
longanimity (long-ga-nim'i-ti), n. [= P. longa- 
nimite = Sp. Ion ganimidad = Pg. longanimidade 
= It. longftnimM, < LL. longanimita(t-)s, for- 
bearance, < longanimis, forbearing, patient, < 
L. longus, long, + animits, mind.]" Long-suf- 
fering; patience; endurance. 
patcheu ai, once, or witnm a snort return ot time others 
to that which begins afar off, and is to be won with length 
of pursuit, ... so that there may be fitly said to be a 
longanimity. Bacon, Advancement of Learning, ii. 
The longanimity and lasting sufferance of God. 
Sir T. Browne, Vulg. Err., i. 3. 
If a clergyman, he is expected to ask a blessing, ... a 
function which he performs with centenarian longanimity, 
as if he reckoned . . . that a grace must be long to reach 
so far away as heaven. Lowell, Fireside Travels p 63 
