lop 
lap or loose edges of) of lop 1 , var. of lap%. Cf. 
F. lopin, a fragment, morsel, from the same nit. 
source, namely AS. Itrppa, etc . , edge, margin, etc. 
In this view, the word is not related to MD. lup- 
pcn, D. lubben, main), castrate: see lib 1 .] 1. To 
cut off, as the top or extreme part of anything; 
shorten or reduce by cutting off the extremi- 
ties ; cut off, as superfluous parts ; trim by cut- 
ting : as, to Jap a tree or its branches. 
Have I with this one rapier 
Pass'd through a fleld of pikes, whose heads I topt 
As easily as the bloody-minded youth 
Lopt off the poppy-heads? Ford, Lady's Trial, iv. 2. 
Expunge the whole, or lop the excrescent parts. 
Pope, Essay on Man, ii. 49. 
There is another power, lone used, but now lopped off. 
D. Webster, Speech, Oct. 12, 1832. 
2. To cut partly off and bend down: as, to fop the 
saplings of a hedge. =Syn. 1. To dock, crop, prune. 
lop' 2 (lop), . [< top 2 , .] That which is cut 
from trees : fagot-wood. 
We take 
From every tree loo, bark, and part o' the timber. 
Shak., Hen. VIII., i. 2. 96. 
It is usual to take the lop, or smaller branches [for dis- 
tillation). Spans' Encyc. Manuf., I. 8. 
Lop and top. (a) The smaller branches and the tops of 
trees that are lopped off ; fagot-wood. 
A very large fall of timber, . . . one fifth of which . . . 
belongs to the grantee, Lord StaweL He lays claim also 
to the lop and top: but the poor . . . have taken it all 
away. Gilbert White, Nat. Hist, of Selborne, ix. 
(i>) Every part ; the whole. 
Now thyself hast lost both lopp and topp. 
Spenser, Shep. Cal., February. 
lopSf (lop), n. [< ME. loppe (= Sw. loppa = 
Dan. loppe), a flea; prob. < AS. hledpan, leap: 
see leap 1 , and cf . lope 1 . The AS. loppe, a spider, 
is by some taken to mean ' a flea ' ; but its other 
sense, ' a silkworm,' and its appar. var. lobbe, a 
spider (see lob 1 ), exclude this interpretation.] 
1. A flea.' 
After this bore shal come a lambe that shal haue feet of 
lede, and hede of bras, an hert of a loppe, a swynes skyn, 
and an harde. Caxton, Chron. of Eng., p. 60. 
Grete loppis ouere all this lande the! flye, 
That with bytyng makis mekill blure. 
York Playi, p. 86. 
2. A spider. 
Thi riet shapen in manere of a net or of a webbe of a 
loppe. Chaucer, Astrolabe, i. 3. 
Iop 4 t. An obsolete preterit of leap 1 . 
Loparia (lo-pa'ri-a), n. pi. [NL.] A division 
of neteropterous bugs of the family Phytocorida;, 
comprising the largest and most superbly col- 
ored members of the family. 
lope 1 (lop), v. ', pret. and pp. loped, ppr. loping. 
[< ME. lopen, a var. of lepen (AS. hledpan), per- 
haps due in part to LG. lopen, D. loopen, leap: 
see leap 1 .] 1. intrans. If. To leap. 
This whinyard has gard many better men to lope than 
thou. Greene, James IV., Ind. 
2. To move or run with a long step, as a dog ; 
canter leisurely with a rather long, easy stride, 
as a horse. 
The most confirmed gait he could establish was a Can- 
terbury gallop with the hind legs, which those more for- 
ward assisted for doubtful moments, though generally 
content with a loping trot. 
J. F. Cooper, Last of the Mohicans, ii. 
II. trans. To cause to lope in going or run- 
ning. [Rare.] 
For seven or eight miles we loped our jaded horses along 
at a brisk pace. T. Roosevelt, Hunting Trips, p. 281. 
lope 1 (lop), n. [< ME. lope; < lope 1 , v. Cf. leap 1 , 
n.] If. A leap. 
3518 
twisting proceeds from it toward the whirl, the untwisted 
parts of the yarns being kept separate by the top, which, as 
the twisting progresses, is forced along toward the whirl. 
lope-Stafft (lop'staf), n. A leaping-pole. 
A lope-gta/e wherewith men leape ditches. Cotgrave. 
The doubtful fords and passages to try, 
With stilts and lope-staves that do aptliest wade. 
Drayton, Barons' Wars, i. 
Lopez gambit. See gambit. 
Lopezia (lf>-pe'zi-a), n. [NL. (Cavanilles, 1791), 
named after J. Lopez, a Spanish botanist.] A 
genus of dicotyledonous polypetalous plants, of 
the natural order Onagrariece, the evening-prim- 
rose family. It is characterized by irregular flowers, 
with four petals (each furnished with a claw), one stamen 
which is anther-bearing and one which is petaloid, and an 
indefinite number of ovules. They are erect branching 
herbs with small red or purple flowers on slender pedicels 
in racemes or subcorymbs at the ends of the branches. 
Fifteen species have been described, all from Mexico and 
Guatemala. Spach, Endlicher, and other authors make 
this genus the type of a tribe Lopeziece. 
Lopezieae (16-pe-zi'e-e), n. pi. [NL. (Spach), 
< Lopezia + -ea,:] A. tribe of plants of the or- 
der Onagrariew, typified by the genus Lopezia, 
and characterized by irregular flowers with one 
or two stamens and a loculicidal capsule. It 
embraces 4 genera of Mexican shrubs or herbs. 
lopez-root (lo'pez-rot), n. The yellowish woody 
root of a prickly climber, Toddalia aculeata, na- 
tive in the East Indies. It was formerly a noted 
remedy for diarrhea, but is now disused except in India, 
where it is valued as a stimulating tonic. 
Lophiidae (lo-fi'i-de), n.pl. [NL., < Lophius + 
idte.] A family of pediculate fishes, typified 
by the genus Lophius. (a) In old systems, a family 
of alleged acanthopterygians, including all the Pedicu- 
lati together with the Balrachidce. (b) In more recent 
systems, a family conterminous with the order Pedimdati, 
and embracing the Lophiidce proper, Antennariidce, Cera- 
tiidce, and Maltheidce. (c) In Gill's ichthyological system, 
a family of pediculate fishes with branchial apertures in 
or behind the inferior axilUe of the pectoral flns, anterior 
dorsal ray superior, mouth opening more or less upward, 
lower jaw generally projecting beyond or closing in front 
of the upper, pseudohrachia with two actinosts, pectoral 
members little geniculated, and ventral flns separated by 
a wide interval. In this restricted sense the family includes 
Lower Jaw-bone of Lophiodon. 
I cannot do the author justice 
large lope over the next reign. 
Roger North, Examen, p. 618. 
2. A striding movement ; a run made with long 
steps ; especially, a leisurely canter with a ra- 
ther long, easy stride, as of a horse. 
The guards set Ashby through the hedge, and in a lope 
he turned up the tow-path. The Century, XXX. 286. 
Iope 2 t. A Middle English preterit and past par- 
ticiple of leap 1 . 
tap-eared (lop'erd), a. [< lop 1 + eared.] Hav- 
ing ears which lop or hang downward ; having 
pendulous ears. Also lap-eared. 
lopemant (lop'man), . A leaping man. 
The high and mighty ! God, what a style is this ! 
Mi-thinks it goes like a Dutchy lope-man; 
A ladder of a hundred rounds will fail 
To reach the top on 't. 
Fletcher (and another), Noble Gentleman, ill. 4. 
loper (16'per), n. 1. One who or that which 
lopes. 2. In rape-making (in the now nearly 
obsolete process of laying up strands in a rope- 
walk by the use of a whirl), a swivel placed at 
one end of the rope-walk, the whirl being at the 
other end. The yarns are attached to the loper, and the 
. 
only the fishes known as anglers or fishing-frogs. Also 
Lophiadtx, Lophidos. 
Lophiodon (lo-fi'o-don), n. [NL. (Cuvier, 1822), 
< Gr. Utom or ZoQuov, dim. of ?.<fyof, a crest, + 
o(5oi>f (bSovr-) = E. tooth.] 1. A typical genus 
of the family 
Lophiodon tidce, 
from the Mid- 
dle or Upper 
Eocene, differ- 
ing from most 
of the family in 
having only 40 
teeth. The dental 
formula is : 3 incisors, 1 canine, 3 premolars, and 3 molars 
in each upper and lower half-jaw. The animal was a tapi- 
roid. See Lophiodontidce. 
2. [I. c.] A member of this genus. 
lopliiodont (16'fi-o-dont), a. and n. [< Lopliio- 
don(t-).] I. a. Pertaining to the Lophiodon- 
tida;, or having their characters. 
II. n. Atapiroidofthefamilyiopfetodo(Wd. 
Lophiodontid* (16"fi-o-don'ti-de), n. pi. [NL., 
< Lophiodon(t-) + -idee.] A family of extinct 
perissodactyl ungulate quadrupeds of the tapi- 
roid series, having both the upper and the lower 
molars bilophodont, four toes on the fore feet, 
and three on the hind feet. It includes a number of 
Eocene genera representing the earliest and most gen- 
eralized types of Perissodactyla, and ranging in size from 
that of a hare to that of an ox. The more primitive forms 
had 44 teeth, others 40. Cori/phodontidce is a synonym. 
without taking a lophiodontine (16"fi-o-don'tin), a. [< lophio- 
dont + -ine 1 .] Same as lophiodont. E. D. Cope, 
Amer. Nat., XXI. 994. 
lophiodontoid (16"fi-6-don'toid), a. Resem- 
bling a lophiodon ; having the characters of the 
Lophiodontoidea. 
Lophiodontoidea (16"fi-o-don-toi'df-S,), n. pi. 
[NL., < Lophiodon(t-) + '-oidea.] A superfam- 
ily of tapiroid mammals, having the upper as 
well as the lower true molars without a continu- 
ous outer wall, but some or all of these teeth 
with two complete transverse crests. The group 
comprises the living Tapiridce and the extinct 
Lophiodontida. 
lophioid (16'fi-oid), a. and . [< NL. Lopliiits 
T Gr. eldof, form.] I, a. Pertaining to the 
Lophiidce, or having their characters. . 
II. n. One of the LopMidce, as an angler. 
Agassiz; J. Richardson. 
Lophipmyidse (16"fi-o-mi'i-de), n.pl. [NL., < 
Lophiomys + -idee.] 'A family of simplicident 
myomorphic rodents, constituted by the genus 
Lophiomys. The skull is unique In some respects, the 
temporal fossie being roofed over by bony plates proceed- 
ing from the temporal ridge and malar bone; the molars 
lophophore 
are rooted and tuberculate ; there are no premolars ; the 
clavicles are imperfect ; the csecum is small ; and the thumb 
is opposable. 
Lophiomys (lo-fl'o-inis), i. [NL., < Gr. M^tov 
or /M<j>tiov, dim. of Ao^of, a crest, + pvf = E. 
mouse.] The typical and only genus of the 
family Lophiomyidce. L. imhausi of Africa is 
the only species. A. Milne-Edwards, 1867. 
Lophiostoma (16-fi-os'to-ma), n. [NL., < Gr. 
/6<t>iav or '/.ofeiov, dim. of ?.o(4oV, a crest, + ar6fta. 
mouth.] A genus of spheeriaceous fungi, typi- 
cal of the family Lophiostomacece, having the 
perithecia carbonaceous, and the osteolumlarge 
and compressed. The spores, which are oblong or fu- 
siform, are plurilocular, brown or olivaceous, and fre- 
quently appendiculate. The species grow mostly on dead 
wood, decorticated twigs, etc. 
Lophiostomaceae (16-fi-os-to-ma'se-e), n. pi. 
[NL., < Lophiostoma + -acece.] A family of 
sphseriaceous fungi proposed by Saccardo, typi- 
fied by the genus Lophiostoma. 
lophiostomate (lp-fi-os'to-mat), a. [< Gr. 
/>.6<t>iov or '/joQei0v, dim. of %6<t>of, a crest, + ar6fia, 
mouth.] In bot., having the apertures or open- 
ings crested. Cooke's Manual. [Bare.] 
lopniostomous (16-fi-os'to-mus), . Same as In- 
phioxtomate. 
Lophius (16'fi-us), . [NL., < Gr. /.<tyof, a crest.] 
The typical genus of Lophiida;, originally in- 
cluding all the pediculate fishes, now restrict- 
ed to the angler, L. piscatorius, and closely re- 
lated species. See cut under angler. 
lophobranch (16'fo-brangk), a. and n. [< Gr. 
/2<j>o(, a crest, + fipa^ia, gills.] I. a. Having 
tufted gills ; specifically, rjertaining to the Lo- 
phobranchii, or having their characters. 
II. n. A fish of the order Lophobranchii. 
lophobranchlate (16-fo-brang'ki-at), a. and n. 
[< Gr. Utyof, a crest, +' /3pd}'^(a, gills, + -ate 1 .] 
Same as lophobranch. 
LophobrancMi (16-fo-brang'ki-i), n. pi. [NL., 
< Gr. ?.6<f>o, a crest, + flpayxia., gills.] An order 
of teleost fishes having the branchial skeleton 
imperfect, the superior and basal branchihyals 
and pharyngeals wanting, and the gills not 
lamellar, but developed as loop- like or tuft-like 
lobes, whence the name. In Cuvier's system it was 
the fifth order of fishes, defined as having the jaws free 
and complete, and the gills divided into small round tufts 
disposed in pairs along the branchial arches. The genus 
Pegasu*, as well as the typical lophobranchs, was referred 
to this order by Cuvier. Pegasus, having normal lamelli- 
form gills and being the type of a distinct family Pega- 
sidce, has been removed from the Lophobranchii and re- 
ferred to the Acanthopterygii, or to a special suborder Hy- 
postomides of Teleocephali. The order consequently now 
includes only the families Syngnathidoz and Hippocampi- 
doe, or pipe-fishes and sea-horses, constituting the subor- 
der Syngnathi, and the Solenostomidce, alone representing 
the Solenostomi. (See cut at Hippocampidce.) All the Lo- 
phobranchii have a dermal skeleton composed of angular 
plates having a radiate or stellate ossification. Most 
of the species are marine. Also Lophobxmchia, Lopho- 
branchiati. 
lophodont (16'fo-dont), a. [< Gr. Aityof, a crest, 
T btiovf (bSovr-) = E. tooth.] In odon tog., hav- 
ing the crowns of the molar teeth thrown into 
ridges or crests, longitudinal or transverse : op- 
posed to bunodont. 
Lophodytes (lo-fod'i-tez), . [NL., < Gr. JUtyof, 
a crest, + SVTIK , a diver.] A genus of Anatidce, 
of the subfamily Mergina;, having an erect semi- 
circular compressed crest ; the hooded mergan- 
sers. L. cucullatus is a common bird of the 
northern hemisphere. 
Lopholatilus (16-fo-lat'i-lus), . [NL., < Gr. 
Ao^of, a crest, + NL. Latilus, q. v.] A genus of 
tilefishes of the family Latiliate, having a large 
nuchal adipose appendage, whence the name. 
See tilefish. 
Lophomonadidse (lo // fo-mo-nad'i-de), n. pi. 
[NL., < Lophomonas (-ad-) + -idee.] A family 
of flagellate infusorians. These animalcules are 
naked, solitary, and free-swimming, bearing a tuft of fla- 
gella at the anterior extremity, and having no distinct 
oral aperture. 
Lophomonas (lo-fom'o-nas), n. [NL., < Gr. U- 
<t>of, a crest, + fiovaf, a unit: see monad.] The 
typical genus of Lophomoiiadidte, founded by 
Stein in 1860. L. blattarmn inhabits the intes- 
tine of the cockroach. 
lophophoral (lof'o-fo-ral), a. [< Jophophore + 
-al.] Of or pertaining to the lophophore or disk 
of a polyzoan. 
lophophore (lof'o-for), n. [< Gr. /odof, a crest, 
+ -^opof, bearing, < tfitpeiv = E. bear 1 .] In Po- 
lyzoa, the oral disk at the free end of the 
polypide, on which is situated the mouth: so 
called from the circlet of ciliated tentacles 
which it bears. See PtumateUa. This organ is 
circular in most polyzoans, as the cyclostomous. chilos- 
toinous, and ctenostomous forms, or the Gymnolmnata, 
buthippocrepiform In the Phylactolaimatavr Lophopoda. 
