luxuriant 
English poetry ... is nothing at present but a com- 
bination of luxuriant images. Goldsmith, Vicar, viii. 
3. Supplied iii great abundance; replete. 
To the north-east spreads St. Leonard's Forest, luxuriant 
with beech and birch and pine, sinking and rising to woody 
dingles and slopes. E. Dowden, Shelley, I. 0. 
4. In hot., having the floral envelop so multi- 
plied as to destroy the essential parts: said of 
a flower : opposed to mutilated. =Syn. 1 and 2. Lux- 
urious, Luxuriant. See luxurious. 
luxuriantly (lug-zu'ri-ant-li), adv. In a luxu- 
riant manner or degree ; exuberantly. 
luxuriate (lug-zu'ri-at), v. i. ; pret. and pp. 
luxuriated, ppr. luxuriating. [< L. luxuriatiix, 
pp. of liixuriare (> It. lussuriare = Sp. lujurinr 
= Pg. luxuriar = OF. luxnrier), be rank or luxu- 
rious, indulge in luxury, < luxuria, luxury : see 
luxury.'] 1. To grow exuberantly or in super- 
fluous abundance. 2. To feed or live luxuri- 
ously: as, the herds luxuriate in the pastures. 
3. Figuratively, to indulge without stint; 
revel in luxury or 'abundance ; take delight : as, 
to luxuriate in description. 
During the whole time of their being together, they 
luxuriate in telling one another their minds on whatever 
subject turns up. T. Huyhei, Tom Brown at Rugby, 1. 1. 
! luxuriate 
he process 
of growing exuberantly. 
luxurietyt (luk-su-ri'e-ti), . [< luxurious) + 
-ety.] Same as luxuriance. [Rare.] 
One may observe a kind of luxuriety in the description 
which the holy historian gives of the transport of the men 
of Judah upon this occasion. Sterne, Works, IV. xi. 
luxurious (lug-zu'ri-us), a. [< F. luxurieux = 
Pr. luxurios = Sp. lujurioso = Pg. luxurioso = 
It. lussurioso, < L. luxuriosus, rank, luxuriant, 
profuse, excessive, immoderate, < luxuria, rank- 
ness, luxury: see luxury.'] 1. Luxuriant; exu- 
berant. 
The work under our labour grows, 
Luxurious by restraint : what we by day 
Lop overgrown, or prune, or prop, or bind, 
One night or two with wanton growth derides. 
Milton, P. L., ix. 209. 
2. Characterized by indulgence in luxury; given 
to luxury j voluptuous; indulging freely or ex- 
cessively in material pleasures or objects of de- 
sire: as, a luxurious life; luxurious cities. 
All these the Parthian . . . holds, 
From the luxurious kings of Antioch won. 
Milton, P. R., iii. 297. 
Victims of luxurious ease. C&wper, Task, i. 625. 
3. Ministering to luxury ; contributing to free 
or extravagant indulgence. 
Those whom last thou saw'st 
In triumph and luxurious wealth. 
Milton, P. L., xi. 788. 
luxuriation (lug-zu-ri-a'shon), . [< ; 
+ -low.] The act of luxuriating; the 
4. Abounding in that which gratifies the senses ; 
exuberant in means of indulgence or enjoy- 
ment; affording abundant material pleasure. 
Venus . . . rose not now, as of old, in exposed and luxu- 
rious loveliness. Macaulay, Petrarch. 
Soothed by the sweet luxurious summer time, 
And by the cadence of that ancient rhyme. 
William Morris, Earthly Paradise, I. 352. 
5f. Characterized by lust ; libidinous. 
She knows the heat of a luxurious bed. 
Shak., Much Ado, iv. 1. 42. 
=Syn. 2. Epicurean, self-indulgent, sensual. 2-4. Luxu- 
rious, Ijuxuriant. These words are now never synonymous. 
Luxurious means given to luxury or characterized by lux- 
ury : as, luxurious people ; a luxurious life ; a luxurious 
table. Luxuriant means exuberant in growth : as, theluxu- 
riaut vegetation of the tropics ; by figure, a luxuriant style 
in composition. Luxurious implies blame, except where it 
is used by hyperbole for that which is exceedingly com- 
fortable, etc. : as, a luxurious bed. Luxuriant does net 
come enough into the field of the moral for either praise 
or blame. 
luxuriously (lug-zu'ri-us-li), adv. In a luxuri- 
ous manner; deliriously; voluptuously. 
luxuriousness (lug-zu'ri-us-nes), w. The state 
or quality of being luxurious. 
luxuristt (luk'su-rist), n. [< luxury + -ist.] One 
who is given to luxury. Temple. 
luxury (luk'su-ri), .; pi. luxuries (-riz). [< ME. 
liu-nrie (also luxure, q. v.),< OF. luxurie, luxure, 
F. luxure = Pr. 'luxuria = Sp. lujitria = Pg. 
luxuria = It. lussuria, < L. hixuria, rankness, 
luxuriance (of vegetation), friskiness, wanton- 
ness (of animals), profuse or extravagant liv- 
ing,^ luxus, extravagance, luxury: see lux?.~\ 
, . , ~.~ B , . 
If. Luxuriance; exuberance of growth. 2. A 
free or extravagant indulgence in pleasure, as 
of the table; voluptuousness in the gratifica- 
tion of any appetite ; also, the free expenditure 
of wealth for the gratification of one's own de- 
sires, as in costly dress and equipage. 
Luxury does not consist in the innocent enjoyment of 
any of the good things which God has created to be re- 
3550 
ceived with thankfulness, but in the wasteful abuse of 
them to vicious purposes, in ways inconsistent with so- 
briety, justice, or charity. Clarke, Works, II. cxiv. 
First Necessity invented stools, 
Convenience next suggested elbow chairs, 
And Luxury th' accomplish'd Sofa last. 
Cooper, Task, i. 88. 
3. That which is delightful to the senses, the 
feelings, etc.; especially, that which gratifies 
a nice and fastidious appetite or taste ; a dain- 
ty: as, a house filled with luxuries; the luxu- 
ries of the table. 
Rhyme, that luxury of recurrent sound. Prof. Blackie. 
4. Exuberant enjoyment; complete gratifica- 
tion or satisfaction, either physical or intel- 
lectual. 
Learn the luxury of doing good. 
Goldsmith, Traveller, 1. 22. 
The luxury of returning to bread again can hardly be 
imagined by those who have never been deprived of it. 
Lady Holland, Sydney Smith, vii. 
5f. Lust; lewd desire; lasciviousness ; indul- 
gence in lust. 
Fie on sinful fantasy ! 
Fie on lust and luxury ! 
Shak., M. W. of W., v. 5 (song). 
I fear no strumpet's drugs, nor ruffian's stab, 
Should I detect their hateful luxuries. 
B. Jonson, Every Man out of his Humour, Ind. 
= Syn. 2 and 4. Epicurism, effeminacy, sensuality, deli- 
cacy, gratification, pleasure, enjoyment, delight. See luxu- 
rious. 
luz (luz), . [Heb.] A bone in the human body 
which the Eabbinieal writers affirmed to be in- 
destructible, and which is variously said to have 
been one of the lumbar vertebree, the sacrum, 
the coccyx, a sesamoid bone of the great toe, 
or one of the triquetrous or Wormian bones of 
the cranium, it is probable that this superstition is 
the origin of the technical name of the sacrum or "sa- 
cred" bone. 
luzernt, luzernet, Same as lueerifl. 
luzonite (lu'zon-lt), n. [< Luzon (see def. ) + 
-ite 2 ."] A mineral closely related to enargite, 
found in the island of Luzon in the Philippines. 
Luzula (lu'zu-la), n. [NL., < Olt. litzziola, luc- 
ciola, a glow-worm (cf. It. lucciola, a firefly, luc- 
ciolato, a glow-worm): see Luciola."] A genus 
of monocotyledonous plants of the natural or- 
der Juneacece, the rush family, and the tribe 
Eujuncea:, It is characterized by the stems growing in 
tufta; linear, grass-like, radical leaves, or sometimes with 
a few on the stem ; a 1-celled ovary, with 3 erect ovules in 
the center; and a style which is 3-cleft at the apex. There 
are about 40 species, growing everywhere in temperate 
regions, and in the mountainous parts of the tropics. They 
grow in drier ground than the ordinary rushes, and have 
in general a more grassy aspect See wood-rush. 
Luzuriaga (lu-zu-ri-a'ga), n. [NL. (Ruiz and 
Pavon, 1802),'named after D. Ign. de Luzmiago, 
a Spanish botanist.] A genus of liliaceous 
plants, type of the tribe Lusuriagea', character- 
ized by sessile alternate leaves with numerous 
fine nerves, and flowers of medium size, usually 
solitary in the axils, the segments of the peri- 
anth distinct and spreading, and a 3-celled 
ovary with light-colored seeds. The stems are 
woody and branching, and the flowers white on delicate 
pedicels, at length producing a berry-like fruit. There 
are 3 species, of which 2 are Chilian, and the third grows 
in Magellan's Land and New Zealand. 
Luzuriageae (lu-zu-ri-a'je-e), n.pl. [NL. (Ben- 
tham and Hooker, 1883), '< Luzuriaga + -eix."\ A 
tribe of liliaceous plants, typified by the genus 
Luzuriaga. They have an erect, branching, woody stem, 
sometimes climbing above ; flowers in the axils of the 
leaves, in fasciculate cymes, or solitary at the tips of the 
branches; the anther-cells distinct ; and the ovules few or 
many, either anatropous or half-anatropous. The tribe in- 
cludes 7 genera and about 12 species, of which the majority 
are from Chili and the southern part of South America, and 
the rest are from Australia and southern Africa. 
lyt, v. i. An obsolete form of lie*-. 
-ly 1 . [< ME. -ly, -li, -lich, -liche, earliest ME. 
-lie, < AS. -lie = OS. -Uk = OFries. -lik = MD. 
D. lijk = MLG. -Uk, -lich = OHG. -lilt, MHG. 
-lich, -lich, G. -licit = Icel. -likr, -legr = Dan. 
-lig = Sw. lik = Goth, -leiks; a common Teut. 
adj. suffix, 'like,' 'having the form of,' orig. an 
independent word, namely AS. lie, etc., body, 
form : see like^-. Cf. like 2 , adj., as usedin com- 
position, of similar effect, but etymologically 
different, manly, e. g., being ult. < AS. *manlic 
(in adv. manlice), < inann, man, + lie, body, 
form, while manlike (with similar compounds) 
is not found in AS., but corresponds to AS. 
mann, man, + gelic, like, < lie, body: see ?/M. 
like?.] A common adjective suffix, forming, from 
nouns, adjectives signifying ' of the form or na- 
ture of ' or ' like ' the thing denoted by the noun : 
as in manly, womanly, godly, lordly, princely, of 
the nature of, like, or suited to a man, woman, 
etc.; bodily, earthly, daily, weekly, monthly, year- 
ly, etc., belonging to or being of the body, the 
lycanthropus 
earth, a day, etc.; lorcly, Jieartly (obs.), etc. 
Such adjectives, implying 'like,' are often accompanied 
by more definite adjectives in -like: as, manlike, woman- 
like, etc. The suflix is also used with some adjectives, as 
goodly, Imiiy, etc., and with some verbs, as comely, seemly, 
etc. They are usually accompanied by adverbs now of the 
same form. See -ly-. 
-ly 2 [< ME. -ly, -li, -lich, -liche, < AS. -lice = 
OS. -liko = OFries. -like, -like = MD. D. -lijk = 
MLG. -like, -liclie = OHG. -liliho, MHU. -liclie, 
G. -lich = Icel. -lika, -liga = Sw. -ligen = Dan. 
-lii/t = Goth, -leiko; a common Teut. adverbial 
suffix, meaning 'in a manner' indicated by the 
adj. in -lie (-/;yl) from which the adverb is de- 
rived, being the instr. case of the adj.; e. g., 
AS. manlice, in a manly manner, instr. case of 
"manlic, manly. Thus, while the adj. suffix -ly 1 
and the adverb suffix -ly' 2 are now identical in 
form, they are orig. distinct, the adverb suffix 
being derived, with a case-ending now lost, from 
the adj. suffix.] A common adverbial suffix, 
forming from adjectives adverbs signifying 'in 
a manner' denoted by the adjective: as, quickly, 
slowly, coldly, hotly, etc., loudly, harshly, etc. it is 
the most common adverbial suffix. In adverbs from nouns, 
as manly, womanly, etc., the adverb has the same form 
as the adjective in -lyl, from which it is derived. The 
suffix is sometimes used with adjectives in -/yi, as in eeem- 
lily, surlily, godlily etc. Its use with primary adjectives, 
with no current adjective in -ly intervening (quickly, etc.), 
is more recent, but is now the prevalent one. 
lyamt, n. See lime*. 
lyartt, a. and n. See liardl. 
Lycsena (li-se'na), n. [NL., < Gr. Mitcuva, a she- 
wolf, fern, of hi'itof L. lupus, a wolf, = E. wolf, 
q. v.] The typical genus of Lyccenidte. There 
are upward of 300 species, distributed all over the world. 
They are small, delicate creatures, some of much beauty 
of form and coloring, known as coppers and blues. 
Lycaenidse (li-sen'i-de), n. pi. [NL., < Lyccena 
+ -M?<F.] A family of butterflies, represented 
by such genera as Lycajna, Chrysophanes, and 
Thccla. They are generally of small size, delicate form, 
and very beautiful colors. Some are known as blues or 
coppers, and others as hairstreaks. The technical charac- 
ters are : minute tarsal claws, fore legs ambulatorial, hind 
tibia? with one pair of spurs, antenna? scarcely hooked at the 
tip, and the last joint of the palpi small and naked. The 
caterpillars have minute feet and retractile head, and re- 
semble wood-lice. The chrysalis is short, obtuse at each 
end, girt about the middle, and attached by the tail. There 
are about 40 genera and upward of 1,200 species. 
Lycalopex (H-ka-16'peks), n. [NL., < Gr. Atof, 
a wolf, + (UejTn?^, a fox : see alopecia."] A ge- 
nus of Canidai established by Burmeister, con- 
taining most of the neotropical canines ; the 
South American fox-wolves. These animals have 
the structural characters of dogs and wolves, but their 
tails are long and bushy, and they otherwise resemble foxes 
in general appearance. Several species are described, as L. 
antarcticus, L. azarai, L. cancrivorus, etc. The last-named 
is the malkong or crab-eating fox-wolf. 
lycanthrope (ll-kan'throp). n. [< ML. lycan- 
thropus, lycanthropos, < Gr. AVK&v6puTro$, a 'wolf- 
man,' or man-wolf, were-wolf, < /.iof, a wolf, + 
av6puTro( , a man. Cf. were-wolf."] 1. Amansu- 
perstitiously supposed to be possessed of the 
power of transforming himself at pleasure into 
a wolf, and to be endowed while in that shape 
with its savage propensities ; a were-wolf. 
A French judge named Boguet, at the end of the six- 
teenth century, devoted himself especially to the subject 
[the assuming of animal forms], burnt multitudes of ly- 
canthropes, wrote a book about them, and drew up a code 
in which he permitted ordinary witches to be strangled 
before they were burnt, but excepted lycanthropes, who 
were to be burned alive. Lecky, Rationalism, I. 97. 
2. A person affected with lycanthropy; one 
who imagines himself to be a wolf, and acts in 
conformity with his delusion, 
lycanthropi, . Plural of lycanthropux. 
lycanthropia (li-kan-thro'pi-a), n. [ML. : see 
lycanihrop-y."] Same as lycanthropy. 
This kind is called Lycanthropia, sir; when men con- 
ceive themselves wolves. Ford, Lover's Melancholy, iii. 3. 
lycanthropic (li-kan-thrpp'ik), a. [< lycan- 
throp-y + -ic.} Of or pertaining to lycanthropy ; 
characteristic of lycanthropy. 
In a fit of lycanthropic madness, she came upon two 
children. S. Bariny-Gould, Were-wolves, vi. 
lycanthropist (H-kan'thro-pist), n. [< lycan- 
throp-y + -ist.~] Same as lycatithrojie. 
In mediseval times . . . persons named Garnier or Gre- 
nier were generally assumed to be lycanthropistx. 
Encyc. Brit., XV. 91. 
lycanthropous (11-kan'thro-pus), a. [< lycan- 
throp-y + -ous.~\ Relating or pertaining to ly- 
canthropy. 
lycanthropus (li-kan-thro'pus), ).; pi. lycan- 
thropi (-pi). [ML., also lycanthropos: see ly- 
canthrope.] Same as lycanthrope. 
The swift lycanthropi that walks the round. 
We'll tear their wolvish skins, and save the sheep. 
Middleton and Rowley, Changeling, iii. 3. 
