the dr. Cii., an office. consisting of psalms ;m.l 
prayers, accompanying the lightingof the 
lycanthropy 
lycanthropy (ll-kan'thro-pi), . [< ML. ////- 
Him/nil. < <ir. / I'Mn'ttfiuTria, a madness in which m m . 
one imagines himself a wolf, < '/.vadvOpuTrof, a or can. lies, originally introdiictui y t". lint no\\ 
ninn-wolf: see ly<-nntl<riie.] 1. The supposed incorporated in, vespers on occasion of a vigil. 
power Of Certain hiiman beings t.M-haugethem- lychnides, . Plural of lyi-linu, I. 
selves or others temporarily or permanently lychnidiate (lik-nid'i-at), a. [< lyi'ltui* 
into wolves or other savage animals. Seowere- 
irnlf. 2. The lieliel'tlial certain persons change 
themselves into wolves or other- wild beasts. 
This belief i.-t common arnonp savage races, iiiul still lin- 
gers among; the itfnonuit of some eh ili/nl Copies, 
3. A kind of erratic melancholy or madness, in ^ vlilila . ... . 
which the patient supposes himself to be a *f>riglit-re<Tool'o'r,'al(!o agem7<Gr. ivxvif, a plant 
wolf. See lyrnnllirope. ;$ a bright-scarlet flower; related to M^Mf, 
Lycaon 1 (li-ka'on), . [NL., < L. Lycaon, ,< Gr. a lamp .j i. I'l. .yrAHiWcs (-ni-dez). A ruby, 
\VKHUV, a mythical king of Arcadia, father of gap phire, or carbuncle. 2. [cap.] [NL.] A 
( 'a llisto, who was transferred to the sky as the ug of car y Op hyllaceous plants of the tribe 
constellation of tho Bear.] A name of the silenea; .characterized by a 10-nerved calyx, or 
... ** . . -. 
/-; + -,. -I- -,((,!.] In en torn., giving out light; 
phosphorescent: formerly used of the head of 
the hintern-lly and certain allied insects, from 
the erroneous supposition that this is luminous 
(lik'nis), n. [L. lychnis, a rose of a 
constellation Bootes (which see). 
rarely one with many parallel nerves, and com- 
Lycaon 2 (li-kiVon), - [NL., < L. lycaon, < Gr. mon)y 3 8ty i es an d a 3- or 6-valved capsule. 
'AvKaur, an animal of the wolf kind, < MM( = They are usually erect herbs with opposite leaves and ter- 
L. lupus, a wolf: see Lupus.] A genus of ca- 
nine quadrupeds of the family Canute, having 
Painted Hyena, or Hunting-dog (.Lycaon pfctMs). 
minal cymes of showy flowers. About 40 species have 
been described, natives of the warm and temperate re- 
gions of the northern hemisphere. The names campion 
and lampflouvr are common to all plants of this genus. 
Several species are pretty wild flowers of the Old World, 
and several are common garden flowers. L. Chalcedonica, 
the scarlet lychnis, is perhaps the best-known ; It is a rather 
coarse plant with dense fascicles of deep-scarlet flowers, 
also called Jerusalem or Maltete cron, etc., and in the 
United States sometimes nreet-wiUiam. Another garden 
species is L. coronaria, the rose-campion or mullen-pink. 
L. Vucaria, from its glutinous stem, shares with plants of 
the genus Silent the name of catchfly. L. Flia-aievli, the 
cuckoo-flower, crow-flower, or ragged-robin, with dissected 
petals, common In Europe, is also cultivated, at least in 
double forms. L. vttpertina, with white flowers opening 
in the evening, is sparingly Introduced from Europe into 
the United States ; and from the same source, L. (Mhayo, 
the corn-cockle, with purple flowers, has become too com- 
mon in American grain-fields. L. diurna, the red cam- 
pion, adder's-flower, etc., is a common British species. 
See campion. 
3. A plant of the genus Lychnis, especially L. 
Chalcedonica. 
(sc. 
lycodont 
sent Imitations of Greek temple-facades etc. I lie early 
architecture Is of especial Importance as throwing a proh 
:i)'l< liu'lit U]K>n 
SMIIII- of the 
through 
which (ircek 
architecture was 
developed. 
II. n. An 
inhabitant of 
Lycia; espe- 
cially, one of 
a race in- 
habiting an- 
cient Lycia, 
Aryan or In- 
do - European 
in language, 
as is shown 
by important 
inscriptions 
in a peculiar 
character re- 
cently recov- 
ered and elu- 
cidated. The 
Lycians seem to 
have exerted 
considerable In- 
fluence in early 
days on the 
Lycian Architecture. 
Tomb now in the British Museum. 
but four toes on the fore feet, instead of five as lychnites (lik-ni'tez), n. [L., < Gr. li<xvm f 
in the rest of the Canidce, resembling the hy- X/'flor), Parian marble (seedef.),< /^voc,ali 
cnas in this respect; the South African hunting- see lychnic : so called, according to a notion as- 
dogs, hyena-dogs, or painted hyenas. L.pictus cribed by Pliny to Varro, because it was quar- 
or reiintiritx\* a tievee animal as large as amastilt. with oval ried I Underground) DJ lamplight . ) l':il'l:ill 
liusliy tail, and long limbs, and spotted with mar ble : so called by Pliny. What rock or mineral 
k, and yellow in an Irregular manner. It hunts wag rea ]] y me ant by Pliiiy is not known, and there have 
white, black 
its prey in packs. 
Lycaste (li-kas'te), n. [NL. (Lindley, 1843), 
< Lycaste, < Gr. Atwdor//, a fern, name.] A 
been various theories in regard to It. Some think that 
selenite was the mineral Intended ; others that the name 
had reference to the brilliancy of the marble. 
geniis of orchidaceous plants of the tribe Van- Lychnophora (lik-nof 'o-ra), n. [NL. (Martius, 
(ten; and the subtribe Cyrtnpodic(t. It is char- 1822), < Gr. ttjpofi a lamp, + <jx>p6c, bearing.] 
acterized by having erect, partially spreading sepals, and A genus of Brazilian shrubs belonging to the 
the lateral lobes of the lip broad or sickle-shaped, attached or ^ er Composite and the tribe Vernoniacece, and 
to the base or apex of the claw, the middle one small or , . . i-trilin I vrhnnnlinrrrr chnraoter- 
elongated. often ciliate. The column is rather long, and type ol tlie subtribe Lycnnoplioi CK, cnara 
ized by having the heads aggregated into com- 
pound terminal clusters on a common fleshy 
receptacle, and the pappus with two rows of 
chaff, the outer short and persistent, the inner 
narrow, partially twisted, and caducous. The 
genus contains 17 species of branching shrubs, with a 
resinous wood, and alternate entire leaves with revolute 
margins, the glomerule of heads sessile at the tips of 
the stalks of the pollen-masses are long and linear. They 
are epiphytes with the short few-leafed stems sheathing 
at the base, forming a fleshy pseudobulb from which rise 
the erect scapes, bearing one, rarely two or three, large 
and showy flowers. There are about 25 species, natives of 
tropical America, and ranging from Peru to Mexico and 
the West Indies; many are very beautiful, and are com- 
mon in cultivation. 
lyceum (li-so'um), n. [= F. lynfe = Sp. Kceo 
= Pg. lyeco = It. licco, < L. lycfum, lycium, < Gr. 
Ar/CEiOV, 
boring 
of Apoll , . . 
wolf ; or as the ' Lycian god,' < Ateof , Lycian, 
< Aiw/n, Lycia ; or as the ' god of light;' < *?.i'/o?, 
light ; cf. Ara/ciS?, light, white, L. lux, light : see 
Hi/lit 1 .] 1. [</>.] An ancient public gymna- 
sium with covered walks outside of Athens, 
near the river Ilissus, whoro Aristotle taught 
tho branches. 
the tribe Vernoniacece, characterized by having 
the one- or few-flowered heads aggregated to 
form a dense cluster, and the pappus chaffy, 
either single or double, or rnrely bristly. It In- 
cludes 11 genera, of which the type is Lyrhnnphora, and 
58 species, 42 of which are confined to Brazil, and the ma- 
jority of the others to tropical America. 
philosophy ; hence, the Peripatetic school of lychnoscope (lik'no-skop), n. [< Gr. %i>xvos, a 
philosophy. See Aristotelian. 2. A school lamp, a liglit, + onoirfiv, view.] In flrcA.,asmall 
inner education preparatory to a univer- opening like a window, usually placed in ^the 
for hig 
sity course. Compare college, 2 (/). 
There are two liicemns for boys and girls, a realschnle, a 
military school for cadets, :i theological seminary, and two 
girls' colleges. Knryc. Brit., XIX 410. 
3. A house or an apartment appropriated to in- 
struction by lectures or disquisitions. 4. An 
association for literary improvement, 
lycht, lycheH, " Variants of 
south chancel-wall of a church, and lower than 
the other windows, for what purpose is not 
strictly known. Also called low side window. 
dirilt. "This is generally a small window in a church 
underalargerone. . . . The term itself is (like hagioscope) 
only of this (19th) century, and may have been coined on 
the erroneous idea that the windows were constructed 
that lepers (or anchorets) might behold the altar lights. 
On the other hand, that idea may be correct. Another 
lyche-t.rt -and <idr. An obsolete assibilated form theory is that of a confessional." If. and Q., 6th ser., IX. 
lych-gate (lich-gat),' . An archaic spelling of Lycian (lis'i-an), and n. [< L. Lycia, < Gr. 
r.L ,,i,, AvKm,Lvcia(Ai'of,L.iyciHS,Lycian, pi. Aiucux, 
m n-ip<i K . __'.^._^.' "--.". '^^ '. 
lychnapsia (lik-nap'si-ii), n. [< Gr. M^va^iid, 
lamplif.'litiiifr, <.'/* \vairni<;, a lamplighter, < M<%- 
a lamp, + uxretv, touch.] In the (*r. Cli., 
L. Lycii, the Lycians) (see def.), + -an.J I. a. Of 
or pertaining to Lycia, a mountainous district in 
southwestern Asia Minor, projecting into the 
Mediterranean sea, and inhabited in ancient 
times by a distinct race. See II Lycian archi- 
tecture, "the ancient architecture characteristic of Lycia, 
preserved especially in abundant series of rock-cut tombs, 
in which the iissemblageof a system of construction in wood 
is closely reproduced in stone. Quadrangular obelisks, such 
r . -, ., , . asthrlu'irp) -tomb of .\anthos, also alionnd. as well as stone 
(Ilk nik),. [< LUr. /' ( ivM,r. the Inneot garc oi>lia K i, in which, as in tlie examples first mentioned, 
lamplighting,( Gr. / r^voc, lamp : see//;/?!/ 1 .] In carpenters' work is faithfully copied. Later examples pre- 
i'0f, 
a series of seven prayers for pardon and pro- 
tection during the night, forming part of the 
office called li/i-lniic. 
The Priest, standing before Ihc Imly doors, saith the 
hifliiuiima. J -W. Xeak, Eastern Church, I. 896. 
Greeks, especially through their worship of Apollo. In- 
teresting monuments of their architecture ana sculpture 
have been brought together in European museums, no- 
tably in the British Museum. Some sculptures found In 
Lycia vie in refinement with the riper archaic art of At- 
tica. See harpy monument, under harpy. 
Lycinae (li-si'ne), n. pi. [NL., < Lycus + -two-.] 
A subfamily of Lampyrida; having the middle 
COXBB distant and no epipleune, typified by tho 
genus Lycus. 
Lycium (lis'i-um), n. [NL. (Linnseus, 1737), 
neut. of L. Lycius, Lycian.] A genus of sola- 
naceous plants of the tribe Atroneat, charac- 
terized by a 3- to 5-toothed or -lobed calyx, 
a funnel-shaped, campanulate, or urn-shaped 
corolla, stamens which are either exserted or 
included, and a slightly juicy and usually few- 
seeded berry. They are shrubs, often spine-bearing 
at the nodes, with entire leaves, the latter usually small ; 
and they bear white, purple, rose-colored, sometimes scar- 
let or yellowish flowers, solitary in the axils or rarely 
fascicled. About 70 species have been described, but this 
number may be much reduced ; they are found throughout 
warm and temperate regions, and many are cultivated. 
The common name of plants of the genus is box-thnrn, 
applying especially to L. barbantm, a plant with lilac 
flowers and scarlet or orange berries, well adapted for 
training on walls or trellises. The leaves of this plant 
having been recommended for use as tea, it receives also 
the names Barbary tea-plant and Duke of Argyll's lea-tree. 
L. A/rum, the African tea-tree, is a spiny species with 
violet flowers. L. vulgare of the Mediterranean region, 
slightly thorny with lithe branches, and having green- 
purple flowers and bright-red berries, is the matrimony- 
vine, often cultivated, and sometimes becoming wild In 
America. /.- Etiropantm is sometimes utilized for hedges, 
as may be also other species. 
Lycodes (li-ko'dez), n. [NL. (Reinhardt. 1838), 
<T Gr. /.tiKuf^f, wolfish, < >,i'jcof, a wolf, T fMof, 
form.] The typical genus of Lycodidar, with 
numerous species, of northern seas, as L. vahli 
of the North Atlantic. They are among various 
fishes known as eel-pouts. 
lycodid (li-ko'did), n. and a. I. n. A fish of 
the family Lycodidir. 
H. a. Relating or belonging to the Lycodida-; 
lycodoid. 
LycodidsD (li-kod'i-de), . pi. [NL., < Lycodes 
+ -ida'.] A family of teleocephalous flshes,typ- 
ified by the genus Lycodes ; the eel-pouts. They 
are characterized by a 'more or less anguuliform shape, 
tapering backward, elongated dorsal and anal fins con- 
fluent with the caudal and invested with a thick skin, ven- 
trals jugular and rudimentary or suppressed, and branchial 
apertures lateral, not confluent. They inhabit arctic and 
cold temperate seas, mostly at considerable depths. Some 
of them, probably all, are viviparous, as Zoarces riviparvs. 
The genera are about 6, the species SO. The family is also 
called Zoarcidce. 
lycodpid (li-ko'doid), a. and n. [< NL. Lycodes 
+ -aid.] I. a. Pertaining to the Lycodid<e or 
Lycodoidea, or having their characters. 
H. n. A fish of the family Lycodidte or super- 
family iMcodoidea. 
Lycodoidea (15-ko-doi'de-ii), . pi. [NL. (Gill), 
'Lycodes + -oidea.] The Lycodida; rated as a 
superfamily. 
Lycodon (li'ko-don), n. [NL.: see lycodont.] 
The typical genus of Lycodontida; having the 
anterior teeth of both jaws caniniform. 
lycodont (15'ko-dont), a. and n. [< Gr. ?t'Ko*n>c 
C/.VKOOOVT-), a canine tooth, lit. 'wolf-tooth,' < 
Motor., wolf, + 6(5oif (ooovr-) = E. tooth.] I. a. 
Having caniniform teeth, as a snake ; belong- 
iugto the Lycodmitidti: 
II. it. A snake of the family Lycodontida. 
