ABBREVIATIONS 
USED IN THE ETYMOLOGIES AND DEFINITIONS. 
a., dj .......... adjective. 
abbr ............ abbreviation. 
abl ............. ablative. 
ace ............. accusative. 
accoin .......... accommodated, accom- 
modation. 
act ............. active. 
adv ............ adverb. 
AF ............. Anglo-French. 
agri. ........... agriculture. 
AL. ............ Anglo-Latin. 
alg ............. algebra. 
Amer ........... American. 
anat ............ anatomy. 
anc ............. ancient. 
antiq ........... antiquity. 
aor ............. aorist. 
appar ........... apparently. 
Ar. ............. Arabic. 
arob ............ architecture. 
archteol ........ archaeology. 
arith ........... arithmetic. 
art. ............ article. 
A3 ............. Anglo-Saxon. 
astrol .......... astrology. 
:ist n it i .......... astronomy. 
attrib .......... attributive. 
aug ............ augmentative. 
Bar ............ Bavarian. 
Beng ........... Bengali. 
biol ............ biology. 
Bohem ......... Bohemian. 
bot ............. botany. 
Braz. .......... Brazilian. 
Bret ............ Breton. 
bryol ........... bryology. 
Bulg ........... Bulgarian. 
carp ............ carpentry. 
Cat ............. Catalan. 
Cath ........... Catholic. 
cans. ........... causative. 
ceram .......... ceramics. 
cf. ............. L. confer, compare. 
ch. ............. church. 
Chal ............ Chaldee. 
chem ........... chemical, chemistry. 
Chin ........... Chinese. 
chron .......... chronology. 
colloq .......... colloquial, colloquially. 
com ............ commerce, commer- 
cial. 
comp. .......... composition, com- 
pound. 
compar. ........ comparative. 
conch .......... conchology. 
conj ............ conjunction. 
contr ........... contracted, contrac- 
tion. 
Corn ........... Cornish. 
cranlol ......... craniology. 
cranlom ........ craniometry. 
crystal ......... crystallography. 
D. ............. Dutch. 
Dan ............ Danish. 
dat ............. dative. 
def. ............ definite, definition. 
derlv ........... derivative, derivation. 
dial ............ dialect, dialectal. 
did ............. different. 
dim ............ diminutive. 
dlstrib ......... distributive. 
dram ........... dramatic. 
dynam ......... dynamics. 
E. ............. East. 
engln ........... engineering. 
entom .......... entomology. 
Epis ............ Episcopal. 
equlv ........... equivalent. 
eep ............. especially. 
Eth ............ Ethlopic. 
ethnog ......... ethnography. 
ethnol ......... ethnology. 
etym ........... etymology. 
Eur ............ European. 
exclam ......... exclamation. 
1., fern .......... feminine. 
F ............... French (uevally mean- 
ing modern French). 
Flem ........... Flemish. 
fort ............ fortification. 
freq ............ frequentative. 
Fries ........... Frleslc. 
tut. ............ future. 
G ............... Oerman(<MaJ(t/mean- 
imj New High Oer- 
man). 
Gael ............ Gaelic. 
galv. ..... : ..... galvanism. 
gen ............ genitive. 
geog ............ geography. 
geol ............ geology. 
geom ........... geometry. 
Goth ........... Gothic (Moesogothlc). 
Or. ............ Greek. 
gram ........... grammar. 
gun ............ gunnery. 
Heb ............ Hebrew. 
her. ............ heraldry. 
herpet ......... herpetology. 
Hind ........... Hindustani. 
hist ............ history. 
horol ..... . ..... horology. 
hort ............ horticulture. 
1 1 1 1 1 1 L- ........... Hungarian. 
hydraul ........ hydraulics. 
hydros ......... hydrostatics. 
Icel ............ Icelandic (u#uo#>/ 
meaning Old Ice- 
ing modern English). 
eccl., eccles. . . . .ecclesiastical. 
econ ........... economy. 
e. g. ............ L. exempli gratia, for 
example. 
Egypt .......... Egyptian. 
E. Ind .......... East Indian. 
elect ........... electricity. 
embryol ........ embryology. 
Eng ............ English. 
ed Old Norse). 
ichth. .......... Ichthyology. 
1. e ............. L. id etft, that Is. 
Impers ......... Impersonal. 
Impf ........... imperfect. 
Impv ........... Imperative. 
improp ......... Improperly. 
Ind ............ Indian. 
Ind, ............ Indicative. 
I ml" I In i ....... Indo-European. 
Indef. .......... Indefinite. 
Inf. ........... Infinitive. 
instr ........... Instrumental. 
inter] .......... Interjection. 
intr. , intrans. . . . intransitive. 
Ir. ............. Irish. 
Irreg ........... irregular, irregularly. 
It .............. Italian. 
Jap ............. Japanese. 
I .............. Latin (usually mean- 
ing classical Latin). 
Lett ............ Lettish. 
LG ............. Low German. 
lichenol ........ lichenology. 
lit .............. literal, literally. 
lit .............. literature. 
Llth ............ Lithuanian. 
lithog .......... lithography. 
lithol.... ....... llthology. 
LL ............. Late Latin. 
m.,masc ....... masculine. 
M. ............. Middle. 
mach ........... machinery. 
mammal ........ mammalogy. 
manuf .......... manufacturing. 
math ........... mathematics. 
MD ............. Middle Dutch. 
ME ............. Middle English(o(Ar- 
wise called Old Eng- 
lish). 
mech mechanics, mechani- 
cal. 
iih-d medicine. 
mensur mensuration. 
metal metallurgy. 
metaph metaphysics. 
meteor meteorology. 
Mex Mexican. 
MGr. Middle Greek, medie- 
val Greek. 
MHO Middle High German. 
mlllt military. 
mineral mineralogy. 
ML Middle Latin, medie- 
val Latin. 
MLG Middle Low German. 
mod modem. 
mycol mycology. 
myth mythology. 
n noun. 
n., neut. neuter. 
N New. 
N North. 
N. Amer. North America. 
nat natural. 
naut nautical. 
nav. navigation. 
NGr. New Greek, modern 
Greek. 
NHG New High German 
(anally simply G., 
German). 
NL. New Latin, modern 
Latin. 
nom nominative. 
Norm Norman. 
north northern. 
Norw Norwegian. 
numls. numismatics. 
O Old. 
obs obsolete. 
obstet obstetrics. 
OBulg Old Bulgarian (othrr- 
wise called Church 
Slavonic, Old Slavic, 
Old Slavonic). 
OCat Old Catalan. 
OD Old Dutch. 
ODan Old Danish. 
odontog odontography. 
odontol odontology. 
OF Old French. 
OFlem Old Flemish. 
OGaeL Old Gaelic. 
OHG Old High German. 
Olr Old Irish. 
Olt Old Italian. 
OL. Old Latin. 
OLO Old Low German. 
ONorth Old Northumbrian. 
OPrnss Old Prussian. 
orig original, originally. 
ornlth ornithology. 
OS Old Saxon. 
OSp Old Spanish. 
osteol osteology. 
OSw Old Swedish. 
OTeut Old Teutonic. 
p. a, participial adjective. 
paleon paleontology. 
part. participle. 
pass passive. 
pathol pathology. 
pert perfect. 
Pers Persian. 
pers person. 
persp perspective. 
Peruv Peruvian. 
petrog petrography. 
Pg Portuguese. 
phar pharmacy. 
Phen Phenlcian. 
philol philology. 
philos philosophy. 
phouog phonography. 
photog photography. 
phi. 1 1 phrenology. 
phys. physical 
physlol physiology. 
pL,plur plural 
poet poetical. 
polit political. 
Pol Polish. 
pou. . possessive. 
pp. past participle. 
ppr present participle. 
Pr Provencal (vmally 
meaning Old Pro- 
vencal). 
pref prefix. 
prep preposition. 
pres. present. 
pret. preterit 
priv privative. 
pnili probably, probable. 
pron pronoun. 
pron. pronounced, pronun- 
ciation. 
prop. properly. 
proa. prosody. 
Prot. Protestant. 
prov. provincial. 
psycho! psychology. 
q. T I .. </""'' (or pi. 'I'm-} 
vide, which see. 
refl. reflexive. 
reg regular, regularly. 
repr representing. 
rhet rhetoric. 
Rom Roman. 
Rom Romanic, Romance 
(languages). 
RUM. Russian. 
8. South. 
S. Amer South American. 
ST. L. scilicet, understand, 
supply. 
So Scotch. 
Sen id Scandinavian. 
Scrip Scripture. 
sculp sculpture. 
Serv Servian. 
sing singular. 
Skt. Sanskrit. 
Slav Slavic, Slavonic. 
Sp. Spanish. 
snbj. . , subjunctive. 
snperl. superlative. 
surg surgery. . 
MTV surveying. 
8w. Swedish. 
yn synonymy. 
Syr. Syriac. 
technol technology. 
teleg telegraphy. 
teralol teratology. 
term termination. 
Tent Teutonic. 
theat theatrical 
theol theology. 
therap. therapeutics. 
toxlcol toxicology. 
tr., trans. transitive. 
trigon trigonometry. 
Turk. Turkish. 
typog typography. 
ult. ultimate, ultimately. 
T. verb. 
var. variant. 
ret. veterinary. 
v. L intransitive verb. 
v. t. transitive verb. 
W. Welsh. 
Wall Walloon. 
Wallach. Wallachlan. 
W. Ind West Indian. 
zoogeog zoogeography. 
zooL zoology. 
soot. zobtomy. 
