machine-gun 
has tlve parallel bain-Is ;ni;iii^r(l horizontally. TheGard- 
ner tit<ii : hi't>'-!/"ii h:istuo I" live hanvls anarii.'eil horizon- 
tiilly. Its mechanism is siuipli . slnnii*. anil tfcctive, hut 
11 r;ill lilT olilv :tlnilll ;,.'iii shut.s a lillllllti-. The FarU'tU 
machitic ijun consistn of a group of ten steel barrels of 
0.4. r > iiicli borr, r;irh ii.nn'l h.tviiig Its own inagazin 
taininy frfi carl i i-ki> 'Ihr .iiM-i'atiniis of tiriiii;, extract- 
ing the empty >lirlN, ami reloading arc accomplished 
hya single revolution of a crank. Tile llntchkixs revolving 
<-nnn"n is the typo of the second class of machine-guns. 
It eonil lines Ihr advantages of loiiK-raMtfr shell-llring with 
rapidity of action. It has live barrels arranged around 
a mitral axis; and the breech is fixed and contains the 
]< >ailing-, firing-, and extracting-inechanism. The rotation 
is intermittent, and the loading, tiring, and extraction 
of the empty shell are performed uhile the barrels arc 
at rest. This gun tires from 30 to 80 rounds of explosive 
shells in a minute, thus delivering from 750 to 2,000 frag- 
ments of shell with suftlcient force to destroy life. There 
are many forms of this gun, each designed for a special 
object. One form, designed for flank defense of the 
ditches of fortifications, has every barrel rifled with a dif- 
ferent twist, so arranged as to produce five different cones 
of dispersion, thus sweeping the ditch from end to end. 
The Xvrdenfelt machine-gun was designed as a defense 
against torpedo-boats. It is made with 2, S, 4, 6, 7, 10, or 
12 barrels, and it can fire either volleys or single barrels. 
In case a barrel becomes clogged or disabled, the supply 
of cartridges can bo cut off from it and the firing contin- 
ued with the other barrels. 
machine-head (naa-shen'hed), n. A rack and 
pinion sometimes used in stringed musical in- 
struments, like the double-bass and the guitar, 
instead of the usual tuning-pees. 
machine-made (ma-sheu mad), a. Made by 
a machine or by machinery. 
machine-man (ma-sheu'rnan), /'. In English 
printing-offices, the workmau who manages or 
controls the operations of a printiug-machine. 
In the United States known as the pressman. 
machine-minder (ina-shen'min'der), . The 
man or boy who has charge of a printing-ma- 
chine while it is in operation. [Eng.] 
machine-oven (ma-shen'uv'n), n. A bakers' 
oven, a fruit-evaporator, or an oven for any 
other use, fitted with a traveling apparatus, 
rotatory table, reel, or any other mechanical de- 
vice for aiding the process of baking, or for 
economizing time or space. 
machiner (ma-she'ner), n. A coach-horse ; a 
horse that draws a stage-coach. [Eng.] 
Is it not known that steady old machiners, broken for 
years to double harness, will encourage and countenance 
their " flippant" progeny in kicking over the traces? 
Laurence, Sword and Gown, xl. 
machine-ruler (ma-shen'ro*ler), . 1. A ma- 
chine which lines or rules paper according to 
patterns. 2. A modification of this machine 
for subdividing accurately scales and the like. 
machinery (ma-she'ne-ri), . [< F. macltinerie, 
machinery. < machine, machine: see machine, 
.] 1. The parts of a machine considered 
collectively; any combination of mechanical 
means designed to work together so as to effect 
a given end : as, the mnchiiiery of a watch, or of 
a canal-lock. 
It is most probable that the rain waters were conveyed 
from the building, . . . possibly to the temple, where It 
might be necessary to raise the water to a certain height; 
or it might relate to some machinery of the antient super- 
stition. Pococke, Description of the East, II. 1. 107. 
2. Machines collectively; a congeries or as- 
semblage of machines: as. the machinery at a 
cotton-mill is often moved by a single wheel. 
In an insurance policy, machinery includes tools and 
implements of manufacture. 
llttchanan p. Exchange Fire Ins. Co., 61 N. Y., 26. 
All klndsof labor-saving RMdMunriniB fullest opera- 
tion. W. M. Baker, New Timothy, p. 172. 
3. Any complex system of means and appli- 
ances, not mechanical, designed to carry on 
any particular work, or keep anything in ac- 
tion, or to effect a specific purpose or end: as, 
the machinery of government. 
As lord and master of the Church, he [Henry VIII. ) 
could utilise Church machinery to obtain the divorce and 
the marriage on which he had set his king's heart. 
Stubbs, Medieval and Modern Hist., p. 254. 
4. Specifically, the agencies, particularly if 
supernatural, by which the plot of an epic or 
dramatic poem, or other imaginative work, is 
carried on and conducted to the catastrophe. 
The Miifhiii'-rn, Madam, isaterm invented by the critics 
to signify that part which the Deities, Angels, or Daemons 
are made to act in a Poem. 
Pope, Letter prefixed to E. of L. 
It is this kind of Mm-liim-rii which fills the Poems both 
of Homer and Virgil with Midi Circumstances as are won- 
derful, but not impossible. Add/ton, Spectator, No. 315. 
Engaging and disengaging machinery, sec engage. 
machine-shop (ma-safaPshop), . Aworkshop 
in which machines or parts of machines are 
made and repaired. 
machine-tool cma-shen'tol), H. A machine 
driven by water, steam, or other power, for per- 
3561 
forming operations formerly accomplished by 
means of hand-tools, as planing, drilling, saw- 
int,', etc., and taking its special name from the 
kind of work performed, as planing-marliiiK , 
drilling-machine, etc. Also called engine-tool. 
machine-twist (ma-shen'twist), n. A three- 
cord silk thread made with a twist from right 
to left, intended especially for use in the sew- 
ing-machine. 
machine-work (ma-shen'werk), . 1. Work 
done by a machine, as distinguished from that 
done by hand ; specifically, in English printing- 
offices, press-work done on a machine, in dis- 
tinction from press-work done on a hand-press. 
2. The product of such work; articles manu- 
factured wholly or chiefly by machinery. 
machinist (ma-she'nist), n. [< F. machiniste 
= Sp. Pg. maquinista = It. macchinista; as mu- 
ch hie + -ist.] 1. A constructor of machines 
and engines, or one versed in the principles of 
machines; in a general sense, one who invents 
or constructs mechanical devices of any kind. 
Has the insufficiency of machinists hitherto disgraced 
the Imagery of the poet? or is it in itself too sublime for 
scenical contrivances to keep pace with? 
Steecens, General Note on Macbeth. 
2. One who tends or works a machine. [Kare.] 
3. In the rating of the United States navy, an 
engine-room artificer or attendant. 4. In U. S. 
politics, an adherent of the machine, or a sup- 
porter of its methods. The Nation, XXXVI. 
520. 5. In the history of art, one of those 
Italian painters of about the seventeenth cen- 
tury (a period of artistic decline) who worked 
mechanically or according to rigid rules. 
He [Franceschini] Is reckoned among those painters of 
the decline of art to whom the general name of machinist 
is applied. Encyc. Brit., IX 687. 
machinize (ma-she'niz), r. /.: pret. and pp. ma- 
chinized, ppr. inachinizing. [< machine + -ize.~\ 
To bring into form or order like that of a ma- 
chine, or by the use of machinery ; elaborate 
or systematize. 
The Times newspaper, ... by it* immense correspon- 
dence and reporting, seems to have machinized the rest of 
the world for his (the traveler's) occasion. 
Emerson, English Traits, 111. 
machinule (mak'i-nul), n. [< NL. machinula, 
dim. of L. machina, a machine: see HMMM.1 
A surveyors' instrument for obtaining a right 
angle. 
macho (ma'ko), n. A fish, Mugit caretna, of the 
mullet family. [Florida.] 
machopolyp (mak'o-pol-ip), n. [< Or. /i"X>/, 
fight, + TroAi'Trotf, a polyp: see polyp.'] A de- 
fensive polypite ; a hydroid zooid which bears 
cnidocclls or stinging-organs, as distinguished 
from an ordinary nutritive or reproductive 
zooid. 
macigno (ma-che'nyo), n. [It.] A division of 
the Upper Eocene in the southern and south- 
eastern Alps. It is a sandstone containing few 
fossils other than fucoids: the equivalent of 
the fly sett. 
macilencyt (mas'i-len-si), . [= F. macilence = 
It. macilenza; as macHen(t) + -cy.] The qual- 
ity or condition of being macilent; leanness. 
Sandy.i, Ovid, Pref. 
macil'entt (mas'i-lent), a. [= Sp. Pg. It. maci- 
Iciito, < L. macileutus, lean, meager, < macere, 
be lean: see emaciate, meager.'} Lean; thin; 
having little flesh. 
Lease venerous then being macilent. 
Topscll, Beast* (1607), p. 231. (HallimU.) 
macintosh, . See mackintosh. 
mack 1 1 (mak), . [< OF. macque, maque, make, 
var. of mace, a club: see mace 1 .'] A kind of 
game, apparently played with the use of clubs. 
Att ale howse too sit, at mack or at mall, 
Tables or dyce, or that cardis men call, 
Or what oother game owte of season dwe, 
Let them be punysched without all rescue. 
Sir W. Forrest, quoted in Strutt's Sports and Pastimes, 
[p. 429. 
mack 3 (mak), >i. [Origin not ascertained.] A 
certain bird. See black-mack. 
One Curtios, . . . when he supped on a time with Au- 
gustus, toke vp a leane birde of the klnde of blacke mackes 
out of the dishe. 
Udatt, tr. of Apophthegms of Erasmus, p. 274. (Daviei.) 
Mack 3 t, " [A corruption of Mary; cf. malkin, 
maickin, ult. dim. of Mary.] A corruption of 
Mury, with reference to the Virgin Mary. By 
Mack, by the Virgin Mary. 
Is not my daughter Mandge as flue a mayd, 
And yet, by Mack, you see she troules the bowle. 
Historic of Albino and Bellama (163SX P- 130- ( Xares.) 
mackerel 1 (mak'e-rel), n. [Formerly also mack- 
rcl, inackrell; = C. makreel = G. makrele = Dan. 
mackerel 
itiiil.-rcl = Sw. makrill = W. macrcll = It. macreil, 
< OF. ni(il;i nl. inn, /m ,</, ,HII//III rum, i,iti,-i/iii n mi, 
mni-iii'i mi. nini-fi mi, I 1 '. iii/n/uereaUfOF. 
i nl, < ML. uiiii'<ii-illiin,!i mackerel, prob. for 
culellus, lit. 'spotted,' so called from the dark 
spots with which it is marked, <L. min-nln, H .-pot : 
see macula, maculc, marlr. Cf. W. brithyll, a 
trout, < brilh, speckled. Cf.wacA.-ere/ 2 .] One of 
several different fishes of the family Scombrid<e, 
and especially any fish of the genus .v- miim-. 
The common mackerel, S. tcombnu. Is one of the best- 
known and most Important of food-fishes, Inhabiting the 
Mackerel (Scomber scambrufi. 
North Atlantic on both sides. It attain! a length of 18 
Inches, though usually less ; It Is lustrous dark-blue above, 
with many wavy blackish cross-streaks, and is silvery be- 
low, with the base of the pectorals dark. The Easter, 
tinker, or chub mackerel Is a closely related species, .S". 
pneumatophmu, so called from possessing a small air- 
bladder which is lacking in S. scointmig; it Is found in both 
the Atlantic and Pacific oceans. The big-eyed, bull, or coly 
mackerel Is S. coliat, a variety of the last, locally named 
SftmM mifh'rel In England. The Spanish mackerel of the 
United States Is a scombrid of a different genus, Scombero- 
mona maculatus, of both coasts of North America, north 
to Cape Cod and California. It is one of the most valued 
food-fishes, reaching a considerable size, bluish and silvery 
above, with bright reflections, the sides with many rounded 
bronzed spots, the spinons dorsal tin white at base, dark 
above and anteriorly. Other mackerel of this genus are 
the cero. 5. regalis, and the sierra, 5. caballa. Frigate- 
mackerels are scombrids of the genus Auxis, as A. thazard 
or A. rochei, of less value as food-fish. The horse-mack- 
erel properly so called is the tunny, Orcymis thynma, the 
largest of the scombrids, sometimes attaining a length of 
over 10 feet and a weight of half a ton, found on both sides 
of the Atlantic ; but this name Is extended to various other 
nshcs. (See horse-mackerel.) Several carangoid fishes are 
loosely called mackerel, as the yellow mackerel, Caranx 
chrysos. (See maclcerel-icad.) The blueflsh or skipper, Po- 
matomut ealtatrii. Is sometimes called snapping -mackerel. 
Mackerel, on account of Its perishable nature, was al- 
lowed to be sold on Sunday, as Gay notes : " Ev'u Sundays 
are prophan'd by Mackrell cries." 
AeMnn, Social Life in Reign of Queen Anne, 1. 189. 
Banded mackerel, a carangoid, .%rioto zonala, the rud- 
der-fish. [Atlantic coast, U. s. | Bay-mackerel, the 
Spanish mackerel. [Chesapeake Bay, U. S.| Black- 
spotted Spanish mackerel, the cero or kingtish. Scorn- 
beromorvt mjalis. Eel-grass mackerel, mackerel of 
inferior quality taken inshore in the Gulf of St. Lawrence. 
Fall mackerel, a variety of the common mackerel 
which has been described as a distinct species under the 
name of Scomber yrex. In this case the true mackerel is 
called spring mackerel, S. vernalis. But fall mackerel are 
simply tinkers, about 10 inches long, of wandering or ir- 
regular habits. Oreen mackerel, a carangoid fish, Ohio- 
roscombrutchrymms. [Southern coast, I'. S-l Mackerel 
gale. See gates. Mackerel-latch, in llshing-tackle, a 
clamp for holding fast the Inner end of a line. Mess 
mackerel, scraped mackerel with the heads and tails cut 
off, losing in weight 20 pounds on the barrel, but Increasing 
In value : a trade-name. They are assorted as Nos. 1, 2, and 
3. Mlzed mackerel. Same as thimble eyed mackerel. 
Net- mackerel, mackerel of the right size to be meshed. 
Overgrown mackerel, mackerel 15 inches or more In 
length. [Fishermen's term.] Racer mackerel, a slink 
mackerel. Round mackerel, any variety of the common 
mackerel, as distinguished from horse-mackerel, Spanish 
mackerel, etc. [Fishermen's term. ] Slink mackerel, a 
poor, thin mackerel taken among schools of fat ones In the 
fall of the year. (Nova Scotia.) Soused mackerel, 
mackerel either fresh or canned by the usual process, and 
preserved after an old German recipe employing a pickle of 
vinegar, spices, and other ingredients. Spanish mack- 
erel (a) See def. 1. (6) The bonito, Sarda chOfnsis. 
[California.] Spotted mackerel, the Spanish mackerel. 
Spring mackerel, the ordinary commercial mackerel of 
good size and quality, sometimes technically named Scom- 
btrvernalis: distinguished frvm/all mackerel. Thimble- 
eyed mackerel, tbemizcd, coly, orchuh mackerel. [Local, 
1. S.] Tinker mackerel, (a) The chub mackerel (ft) 
The common mackerel of next to the smallest of the four 
commercial sizes (large, seconds, tinkers, blinks), which are 
supposed to Indicate respectively four, three, two, and one 
yean of growth. (See also frigate-mackerel.) 
mackerel 1 (mak'e-rel), r. i. ; pret. and pp. 
mackereled or mackerelled, ppr. nutcki-n-ling or 
mackereUina. [< mackerefl-, .] To fish for or 
catch mackerel ; go on a mackerel voyage. 
At Orleans, some few men who go mackereliny In sum- 
mer stay at home and dig clams in winter. 
Fuherie* of U. &, V. U. 604. 
mackerel-t (mak'e-rel), . [< ME. mai/uenl. < 
OF. iiiiii/iKr/ 1. F. iiitirjnrreau, a pander; prob. 
< MD. maeckelaer, D. makflaar = G. miikler = 
Dan. ma-gler = Sw. maklare, a broker, agent, 
equiv. to D. maker = OHG. makhurr, an agent, 
broker, = E. maker (see maker). Commonly re- 
garded, without good reason, as a particular 
use of maquercl, a mackerel (fish), there being 
in France a popular belief that the mackerel 
follows the female shad (called Herges or maids) 
and brings them to the males. On the other 
