Macrotarsius 
Macrotarsius (mak-ro-tiir'si-us), n. [NL.: see 
Xaorotarsi.] Same us rrw<.v. 
macrothere (mak'ro-ther), . Aii animal of 
the genus Macrothmum. 
Macrotheriidae (mak"ro-the-ri'i-de), n. pi. 
[NL., < SfacrotheHwn 4- -idai.] A family of 
large fossil edentate mammals established for 
the reception of the genera Macrothmum and 
Ancylotlii'i'iiiiH, remains of which occur in the 
Miocene of France and Greece, and indicate a 
generalized type of edentates. 
macrotherioid (mak-ro-the'ri-oid), a. [< Ma- 
crotlterium + -oid.] Kesembling or related to 
the macrotheres. 
Macrotherium (mak-ro-the'ri-um), . [NL., < 
Gr. [taitpdi;, long, + dqpiov, a wild beast.] The 
typical genus of Macrotheriidce. It is supposed 
to represent the oldest type of edentates. It has rootless 
and euamelless teeth, immense claws, and apparently no 
dermal armor. Remains occur in the Miocene of France. 
macrotin (mak'ro-tin), n. Same as cimieifugiu. 
Macrotis (mak-ro'tis), w. [NL., < Gr. //axpof, 
long, + oJc (<JT-) = E. ear 1 : see Otis.'] 1. A 
genus of bandicoots of the family Perameli- 
dw, having long pointed ears like those of a 
rabbit, proportionally longer hind limbs than 
the typical bandicoots, the hallux wanting, the 
tail long and hairy, and the pouch opening for- 
ward. M. lagotis is called the native rabbit in 
Australia, from its size and general appearance. 
2. A genus of teuebriouine beetles. Deiean, 
1833. 
macrotome (mak'ro-tom), n. [< Gr. as if >a- 
Kpor6fio(, cf. jUaxpoYOjUOf, cut long (said of shoots 
so pruned), < /ttz/cpof, long, + riuveiv, ra/teiv, cut.] 
An apparatus by the aid of which gross sec- 
tions may be made of a specimen for anatom- 
ical purposes. 
macrotone (mak'ro-ton), n. [< Gr. /wz/cpof, long, 
+ Tiivof, tone. Cf . Gr. fianp&Tovof, stretched out, 
< fiaKp6(, long, + Tfivctv, stretch.] Same as 
macron. 
macrotous (mak-ro'tus), a. [< MGr. [uucpurtK, 
long-eared, < Gr. /uuc/xSf, long, + oif (UT-) = E. 
earl.] Long-eared. 
Macrotrachia (mak"ro-tra-ki'a), n.pl. [NL., so 
called in allusion to the siphons, < /jaKpof, long, 
+ rpaxeia, trachea: see trachea.] A tribe of 
Dithyra or bivalves characterized by the elon- 
gated siphons, embracing the families 1'hola- 
didw, Mi/ida-, Tellinidfc, etc. Swainson, 1840. 
macrotypous (mak'ro-tl-pus), a. [< Gr. /iaxpof, 
long, + TwTrof, form: see type."] In mineral., 
having a long form. 
Macroura, macroural, etc. See Macrura, etc. 
Macrozamia (mak-ro-za'mi-a), n. [NL. (Mi- 
quel, 184H), so called in allusion to the sterile 
appearance of the male fructification; < Gr. 
fiaKp6f, large, + (a/iia, loss.] A genus of gym- 
nosperms belonging to the natural order Cycu- 
daceai, the tribe Encephalartece, and the sub- 
tribe Euencephalartece, characterized by the fe- 
male cones having hard peltate scales, usually 
produced into an erect acuminate blade. They 
are low forms, with an erect ovoid or cylindrical trunk, 
covered by the persistent bases of the petioles, living in 
swampy places near the sea, and have pinnate leaves resem- 
bling the fronds of tree-ferns, occasionally twisted in some 
species, and large uones. About 14 species are known, all 
inhabitants of tropical and temperate Australia; several of 
these are cultivated for ornament. From their general 
appearance, plants of this genus sometimes receive the 
nameof/ern-poZm. M . spiralii is the burrawang-nut. Set- 
cut under Cycadacece. 
macrozo6gonidium(mak-ro-z6*o-go-nid'i-um), 
n. ; pi. macrozoogonidia (-&). [NL., < Gr. /m- 
xpof, long, large, -t- (<RW, an'animal, + NL. goni- 
dium, q. v.] In lot., a zoogonidium of large 
size as compared with others of the same spe- 
cies, as those produced by certain fresh-water 
algce. 
The protoplasmic contents of certain cells [of Hydro- 
dictyon] break up into a large number of daughter-cells 
(macrozoiiijonidia), there being often as many as 7000 to 
20,000. Beney, Botany, p. 228. 
macrozoospore (mak-ro-zo'o-spor), H. [< Gr. 
iMKpui;, long, + Co<', an animal, + ano/id, seed. 
Cf. zoiisporc."] 1. In Miil., a macrospore. 
The macrozooxpttre soon acquires a thin cell-wall, through 
which the cilia protrude. 
Huxley and Martin, Elementary Biology, p. 391. 
2. In !>>>t., a zoospore of large size as compared 
with others produced in the same species. 
In some cases the protoplasm of the cell [of H&matococ- 
cm\ divides only once or twice, the result being the for- 
mation of two or four relatively large zoospores, called 
macrozoosporei. Vines, Physiology of Hants, p. 606. 
Macrura (mak-ro'ra), w. pi. [NL., neut. pi. of 
iitHci'iinis, long-tailed : see macriiroufi."] A sub- 
ordinal or supert'amily group of stalk-eyed tho- 
3566 
racostracous crustaceans of the order Deeapoda, 
containing those which are long-tailed, as the 
lobster, crawfish, prawn, shrimp, etc.: distin- 
guished from Brachyura andAnomura. The ab- 
domen is long, muscular, flexible, and covered with a hard, 
segmented shell ; it bears usually six pairs of appendages, 
the last modified into a caudal flu or swimming-tail. Both 
pairs of feelers are long and filiform ; the inner pan* are 
always exserted, and the outer have often a modified exopo- 
dite as an appendage at the base. Also spelled Macroura. 
macrural (mak-ro'ral), a. [As macrurous + 
-al.] Same as macrurous. 
macruran (mak-ro'ran), . [< Macrura + -an.] 
A member of the group Macrura. 
Macruridaj (mak-ro'ri-de), n.pl. [NL., < Ma- 
crurus + -Jffe. ] A family of anacanthine fishes, 
typified by the genus Macrurus. It consists of 
gadoids which have an elongated tail tapering backward 
and without a separate caudal fin, a postpectoral anus, 
enlarged suborbital bones, an inferior mouth, subbrachial 
ventral fins, a distinct anterior dorsal, and a long second 
dorsal and anal. The family includes about 15 deep-sea 
fishes, of 5 genera, known as grenadiers, rattails, etc. 
macruroid (mak-ro'roid), a. and n. [< Macru- 
rus + -old.] I. a. Pertaining to the Macruridae, 
or having their characters. 
II. n. A member of the family Macruridw. 
macrurous (mak-ro'rus), a. [< NL. Macrurus, 
long-tailed, < Gr. /Mnp6c, long, + oiipd, tail.] 
Long-tailed ; longicaudate. 
Macrurus (mak-ro'rus), n. [NL. : see macru- 
rous.] 1. In ichth., the typical genus of Ma- 
cruridce, having a long tapering tail. M.Jabrieii, 
Grenadier, or Onion-fish (Macrurus rupestris'). 
the rattail, and M. (Coryphcenoides') rupestris are the two 
best known, both inhabiting deep water of the North At- 
lantic. Block, 1787. 
2. A genus of dipterous insects. Lioy, 1864. 
mactation (mak-ta'shqn), . [= OF. macta- 
tion, < LL. mactatio(n-'), a killing for sacrifice, 
< maetarc (> It. matare = Sp. Pg. matar = OF. 
matter), offer for sacrifice, sacrifice, immolate, 
kill, slaughter.] The act of killing a victim 
for sacrifice. [Bare.] 
Here they call Cain's offering, which is described and al- 
lowed to be the first fruits of the ground only, ffvtriav, a 
sacrifice or mactation. 
Shwltford, On the Creation, Pref., p. ciii. 
mactatort (mak-ta'tor), n. [< L. mactator, a 
slayer, < mactare, sacrifice, kill. Cf. matador, 
from the same source.] One who kills a vic- 
tim for sacrifice. [Bare.] 
Mactra (mak'tra), n. [NL., < Gr. fiaarpa, a 
kneading-trough'! < paaaeiv (/ iJ.au), knead: see 
macerate.'] The typical genus of the family Mac- 
tridce. Upward of 100 species are described, of world- wide 
distribution. M. (or Spisula) solidusima is a large species 
with a thick heavy shell, five or six inches long, abundant 
along the Atlantic coast of the United States on sandy 
beaches. It is known as the surf -clam, sea-dam, and hen- 
clam, and is used for soups and chowders. 
Mactracea (mak-tra'se-a), . pi. [NL., < MHC- 
tra + -acea.'] If. A family of acephalous or bi- 
valve mollusks, comprising the genera Mactra, 
Lutraria, Crassatella, Erycina, Ungulina, Sole- 
mya, and Ampkidesma, and scattered in several 
different families. Lamarck, 1809. 2. Now a 
suborder or superfamily of bivalves, including 
only the family Mactridce and related forms. 
mactracean (mak-tra'se-an), a. and TO. [< mac- 
tracc-ous + -an.] I. a.' Mactraceous. 
II. n. A member of the family Mactridce. 
mactraceous (mak-tra'shius), a. [< Mactra + 
-aceous.'] Having the characters of the Mac- 
tridte; mactroid. 
Mactridse (mak'tri-de), n. pi. [NL., < Mactra 
+ -ida:'] A family of siphonate bivalve mol- 
lusks, typified by 
the genus Mactra; 
the round-clams or 
trough-shells. The 
shell is equivalve, trigo- 
nal, and smupallial, and > ' 
has generally close-fit- 
ting valves. The hinge 
is characteristic, that of 
the left valve having a 
V -shaped cardinal tooth 
Closing into two diver- Mactra stultorntn (right valve). 
gent branches of the 
right valve's cardinal tooth. The mantle is open in front, 
and the long united siphonal tubes are fringed with ten- 
taculiform processes. The foot is linguUorm. The Mactri- 
dce are mostly marine shells of wide distribution. They 
are also called ilactrceidce, Mactradae, Mactracea, and Mac- 
trina. 
mad 
mactroid (mak'troid), a. and . [< Macti'/i + 
-(>/.] I. . Of or pertaining to the Mactridce. 
II. H. A member of the family Miiclriilit'. 
macuca (ma-ku'ka), . [S. Amer.] A large 
tiuamou of South America, Tina 11111.1 major. 
macula (mak'u-la), .; pi. macula- (-le). [L., a 
spot, stain : see made, mctckle, iniicule, nutttf.] A 
spot; a blotch. Specifically (a) A temporary or per- 
manent discoloration of a larger or smaller piece of skia, 
as by excess or lack of pigment, by extravasation of blood, 
by telangiectasis, by localized hyperemia, or otherwise, (ti) 
A dark area on a luminous surface, specifically on the disk 
of the sun or of the moon. A solar macula is usually called 
a sun-spot. 
And lastly, the body of the sun may contract some spots 
or maculae greater than usual, and by that means be dark- 
ened. T. Burnct, Theory of the Earth. 
Cerebral maculae. See cerebral.- Macula aeustica, 
the somewhat opaque spot in the utriculus of the mem- 
branous labyrinth where the branches of the auditory 
nerve enter it. Macula cribrosa, the sieve-like spot, a 
patch of minute foramina in the fovea hemispherica of the 
vestibule of the ear, through which filaments of the audi- 
tory nerve pass. Macula germlnatlva, the so-called 
germinal spot or macula, or Wagnerian corpuscle; the 
nucleolus of an ovum. Macula lutea, the yellow spot 
of the retina of the eye, an oval yellow patch, about ^ of 
an inch in diameter, on the retina opposite the pupil,"and 
the position of most distinct vision. See retina. 
macular (mak'u-lar), a. [< macula + -or 2 .] 
Spotted ; exhibiting or characterized by spots : 
as, a macular condition or appearance. 
maculate (mak'u-lat), v. t. ; pret. and pp. mac- 
ulated, ppr. maculating. [< L. maculatus, pp. 
of maculare, spot, speckle, < macula, a spot : 
see macula, maeule."] To spot ; stain ; blur. 
They blush, and think an honest act 
Dooth their supposed vertues maculate. 
Marston, .Satires, iii. 50. 
For Warts, we rub our Hands before the Moon, and 
commit any maculated Part to the Touch of the Dead. 
Bourne's Pop. Antiq. (1777), p. 97. 
Maculated fever. Seefeveri. 
maculate (mak'u-lat), a. [< It. maculatus, pp.: 
see the verb.] Spotted; marked with spots ; 
blotted; hence, stained; defiled; impure. 
Arm. My love is most immaculate white and red. 
Math. Most maculate thoughts, master, are masked un- 
der such colours. Shak., L. L. L., i. 2. 97. 
Oh, vouchsafe, 
With that thy rare green eye, which never yet 
Beheld thing maculate, look on thy virgin ! 
Fletcher (and another), Two Noble Kinsmen, v. 1. 
maculation (mak-u-la'shon), n. [= It. maco- 
lazione, maculaziort'e, < L. maculatio(n-), a spot- 
ting, spot, < maculare, spot: see maculate.] 1. 
The act of spotting, or the state of being spot- 
ted. 2. The manner of spotting, or the pattern 
of the spots with which an animal or plant is 
marked. 
Patches of vividly red Poppies, with fine black macula- 
tions, like eyes, edged with white. 
Amer. Nat., XXII. 642. 
The maculation is normally noctuidous, and the wings 
are ample. Science, IV. 44. 
3. A staining; defilement; smirching. 
For I will throw my glove to Death himself, 
That there's no maculatwn in thy heart. 
Shall. , T. and C., iv. 4. 66. 
To suffer it to start out in the life of her son was in a 
manner to publish again her own obliterated maculation. 
The Atlantic, LVIII. 448. 
maculatory (mak'u-la-to-ri),. [< maculate + 
-ory.] Defiling; staining. 
The lutulent, spumy, maeidatory waters of sin. 
Rev. T. Adams, Works, I. 1B. (Davits.) 
maculaturet (mak'u-la-tur), n. [= F. macula- 
ture = Sp. maculatura; as maculate + -ure.~] 
1. A waste sheet of printed paper. E. Phil- 
lips, 1706. 2. Blotting-paper. Coles, 1717. 
macule (mak'ul), n. and v. Same as mackle. 
maculose (mak'u-los), a. [< L. maculosus, 
spotty: see macnlous.] Marked with spots; 
spotted; maculated. 
maculous (mak'u-lus), a. [= OF. maculeux, 
= Sp. Pg. It. inaculoso, < L. maculosus, spotty, 
spotted, < macula, a spot: see macula, mucitle.] 
Spotted ; full of spots. 
macuta, macute (ma-ko'tii, ma-kot'), n. [Ap- 
par. African.] A money of account and com 
on the west coast of Africa. It originally signified 
'2,000 cowries, but the British and Portuguese governments 
have coined small silver pieces to represent this value. 
The coined macuta is otherwise called a ten-cent piece. 
mad 1 (mad), a. [Early mod. E. maddc; < ME. 
'iieide, matid, mad, also in eomp. *med, < AS. ge- 
mied (in this form a contraction of i/t-aicfilfil, in 
glosses also i/emaedcd. (irmiftlitl, prop. pp. of the 
verb, reduced as in /at 1 , a., orig. pp., hid, pp., 
etc.), also more orig. gemdcl, mad, senseless, 
vain, foolish, = OS. gemfd, foolish, = OHG. ga- 
meit, vain, foolish, proud, MHG. gemeit, lively, 
cheerful, gay, = Icel. meiclclr (pp. for orig. 
*ntfiJhr) = Goth. yumuUls, maimed (the senses 
