mandrake 
peculiar form of the root, and the suggestive 
form of tin name iiiniiilriikc, appar. a compound 
of HIIIII + ilrnki'". with little mean ing attached to 
the supposed i second 
element, are due in 
large part the su- 
perstitions associat- 
ed with the plant.] 
1. A plant of the 
genus Miniilriii/iirii. 
Th'- i!i:ni<lr iikr has poi- 
sonous properties, and 
acts OB n emetic, pur- 
gative, and narcotic. It 
wan in use in ancient 
times especially for its 
narcotic effects, and is 
aid to have been em 
F loved as an anesthetic. 
t has been regarded as 
an aphrodisiac, and used in amorous incantations, as a 
love-amulet, etc. According to an old fancy the mandrake 
shrieks when pulled from the ground. The resemblance 
of Its commonly forked root to the human body is proba- 
bly the ground of this superstition, as well as of the repute 
of the plant as an aphrodisiac. 
And Reuben went in the days of wheat harvest, and 
found mandrakes In the field, and brought them unto hl> 
mother Leah. Gen. xxx. 14. 
And shrieks, like mandrakes torn out of the earth, 
That living mortals, hearing them, run mad. 
Shot., R. and J., Iv. 8. 47. 
The mandrake, a plant with broad leaves and bright yel- 
low flowers and with a root which grew in a semi-human 
form, was found beneath the public gallows and was 
dragged from the ground and carried home with many ex- 
traordinary ceremonies. When secured, it became a famil- 
iar spirit speaking in oracles if properly consulted, and 
bringing good luck to the household in which it was en- 
shrined. C. Elton, Origins of Eng. Hist, p. 220. 
The best digest of the various speculations as to the 
mandrake and its properties will be found in Dr. Harris's 
" Dictionary of the Natural History of the Bible." 
If. and Q., 7th ser., VIII. 220. 
2. TheMay-apple,/Wo/>7(i/7/My>e?ta<ro. [U.S.] 
The blushing peach and glossy plum there lies, 
And with the mandrake tempt your hands and eyes. 
Jane Turrell, quoted in Tuckerman's America and her 
[Commentators, p. 33. 
3. In her., a figure resembling a root with two 
long and pointed bifurcations usually twisted 
together, and the whole crowned with leaves 
and berries. 
mandrel, mandril (man'drel, -dril), n. [An 
alteration of "mandrin, < P. mandrin, a man- 
drel, former, strike, perhaps < L. mandra, a 
stall, < Or. navffM, a stall, the bed in which the 
stone of a ring is set: see madrigal.] 1. In 
turrit., a cylindrical bar or. spindle, either of 
uniform diameter, of different diameters, or 
tapered, used for a variety of purposes, but 
chiefly for the support of objects formed with 
holes, into which the mandrel is forcibly driven 
in order to hold them firmly while turning in a 
lathe, or in an analogous machine, or in oper- 
ating upon them with a file. Specifically (o) An 
axis attached to the head-stock of a lathe, to support, dur- 
ing the process of turning, any material which is bored or 
pierced with a central hole. It has often some adjustable 
device for securing it to the material, and i- then known 
as an adjustable manslrel. (i>) Any arbor or axis to support 
a tool, as a mandrel for a circular saw or circular cutter, 
(c) A rod or former for shaping forglngs, or a plug-core 
for metal or glass castings. 
2. A miners' pick. [Eng.] 3. In metal-work- 
ing by the spinning process, the form, usually 
of wood, upon which the thin plate of metal or 
blank is pressed in order that the revolution may 
give it the form of the mandrel Adjustable man- 
drel. See def. 1 (o). Expanding mandrel, :i mandrel 
constructed to engage and firmly hold apiece of material on 
the inside of a hole of uniform diameter, for turning, etc. 
Such mandrels are of various construction. A common form 
Is a central arbor having grooves with inclined-plane bot- 
toms in which move simultaneously and equally tapered 
key-slides, the outer sides of which are always parallel 
with each other and with the axis of the arbor. When 
moved longitudinally, these slides expand against the In- 
side of the hole with force, holding the piece by jamming 
friction. Flexible mandrel, a spiral spring placed In a 
metal tube to prevent it from flattening or collapsing 
when bent. Hlcks'B mandrel, an expanding mandrel for 
turning rings, named from its inventor. It is an arbor 
with a cone In the middle, in the periphery of which, at 
equal distances from each other, are formed longitudinal 
dovetailed grooves currying wedge -shaped slides actuated 
simultaneously and equally by a nut on the end of the 
cone, and thus expanded to tit the bore of the ring to be 
turned. Traversing mandrel, (a) A mandrel which 
moves longitudinally. (6) A mandrel titled to a bearing 
or bearings of a support which may be set in the tool- 
post of the slide-rest of a lathe, or in some other travers- 
ing device. Such mandrels are used for expanding ream- 
ers and analogous tools, and they are usually driven by a 
pulley and-lielt mechanism. 
mandrel (man'drel), c. /. [< mandrel, .] To 
operate upon with mandrels, as a bronze gun. 
This is done by driving steel mandrels of gradually in- 
creasing size through the bore, whereby the strength of 
the gun is greatly increased, the limit of elasticity being 
in some cases nearly or quite doubled. 
3607 
mandrel-collar (man ' drel - kol ' Sr), . A col- 
lar formed on the mandrel of a lathe, against 
which the chucks, i'aco-plates, etc., abut square- 
ly when screwed upon the mandrel-nose. 
mandrel-frame (man'drel-fram), . A frame 
or head-stock secured by bolts to the end of a 
lathe-bed to support the mandrel. 
mandrel-lathe (man' drel -laTH), n. A lathe 
adapted for turning long work and hollow work. 
It Is so designed that the material for hollow work can 
be clasped by a chuck on the end of the mandrel In the 
hcad-stock. Long work is supported in the lathe by the 
head and tall centers. E. H. Kniijht. 
mandrel-nose (man' drel- noz), n. The inner 
end of a lathe-mandrel, upon which a screw- 
thread is formed for receiving and holding face- 
plates, chucks, etc. 
mandrel-screw (man'drel-skrS), n. The screw 
on the mandrel-nose to which chucks, face- 
plates, etc., are fitted, and by which they are 
attached to the mandrel. 
mandril, n. See mandrel. 
mandrill (man'dril), n. [= P. mandrill = Sp. 
mandril = It. mandrillo, a mandrill; said to be 
from a native W. African name. If this form is 
original, the form drill in same sense is due to a 
false division of the word, as if < E. man + drill: 
see drill*. If drill is original, the form mandrill 
is an E. compound, and the P. Sp. It. forms are 
from E.] A kind of baboon: the great blue- 
faced or rib-nosed baboon ; the hog-ape, Cyno- 
cephalus nurimon or mormon, the largest and 
most formidable, ferocious, and hideous of ba- 
boons. The canine teeth are of enormous size, causing 
a protuberance of the cheeks, which are naked and fan- 
tastically striped with brilliant colors. The ischial cal- 
losities are of great size and bright-red color. The animal 
is often seen In captivity. The mandrills are natives of 
the western coast of Africa, where they associate In large 
troops, which are the terror of the negroes. They often 
plunder villages and cultivated fields with impunity. See 
cut under baboon. 
manducable (man'du-ka-bl), a. [= F. Sp. man- 
ducable, < L. as if "manducabilis, < manducare, 
chew: see manducate."] Capable of being man- 
ducated or chewed; fit to be eaten. 
If tangible by his fingers, why not by his teeth that Is, 
manducable f Coleridge. 
manducate (man'du-kat), f . t. ; pret. and pp. 
manducated, ppr. manducating. [< L. mandu- 
catus, pp. of manducare (> It. manducare = Sp. 
Pg. manducar, chew, = F. manger. > E. mange, 
eat), chew, masticate, eat by chewing, a length- 
ened form of mandere, chew: see mandible, 
mange, etc.] To masticate ; chew. 
It is gravel in the teeth, and a man must drink the blood 
of his own gums when he manducates anch unwholesome, 
such unpleasant fruit. 
Jar. Taylor, Works (ed. 1836), I. 719. 
manducation (man-du-ka'shon), n. [= F. man- 
ducation = Sp. mandueaciori, < LL. manduca- 
tio(n-), a chewing, < L. manducare, chew: see 
manducate.'] The act or process of biting or 
chewing; mastication. 
After the mandueation of the paschal lamb, It was the 
custom of the nation to sit down to a second supper. 
Jer. Taylor, Works (ed. 1835), I. 290. 
The sum, then, of Archbishop Cranmer's doctrine on 
this head is : 1. That John vl. is not to be interpreted of 
oral manducation in the sacrament. 
Waterland, Works, VII. 141. 
manducatory (man'du-ka-to-ri), a. [< mandu- 
cate + -ory.} Pertaining to or employed in 
chewing; in entom., specifically, having a man- 
dibulate form for eating. 
manducus (man-du'kus), n. [L., a glutton, a 
chewer, esp. as in def., < mandere, chew: see 
manducate^] In Horn, antiq., a comic character 
of Italic origin, wearing a mask with gaping 
jaws set with great teeth, which were made to 
clash against each other. This personage figured 
in various public processions as well as In comedies on the 
stage, and served Roman mothers as a bugbear In restraint 
of childish misconduct. 
mandyas (man'di-as), w. [< Gr. /javiiaf, fiav- 
6i-a, a woolen cloak, LGr. as in def. ; said to be 
of Pers. origin.] In the Gr. Ch., a kind of large 
and loose mantle, resembling a cope, fastened 
nt the throat and sometimes at the lower cor- 
ners also, and reaching almost to the feet. 
It Is worn by monks and nuns, by archimandrites, and 
at times by bishops who were regularly appointed from 
the monastic orders. The mandyas of a prelate has wary 
stripes upon it, while that of an archimandrite is plain. 
Mandy Thursday!. Same as Maundy Thursday 
(which see, under maundy). 
mane (man), n. [< ME.' mane, mayne, < AS. 
"maun (not recorded, but indicated by the 
cognate forms, and by the derivs. "gemane,ge- 
nioiic. maned. and MOM = OS. meiii = OHO. 
menni = Icel. men, a necklace) = OFries. mono 
man-engine 
= MD. mane, T>. nifian, minien = OHO. mann, 
MHG. mm", limn, (',. Hiiiiit; now commonly 
mahne = Icel. md = fiw. Dan. mini, mane (cf. 
deriv. Icel. makki = Sw. Dan. manl;c, the up- 
per part of a horse's neck); orig. prob. simply 
neck'; = W. TOirw, neck (> mi/nr/ni, inane). 
= Ir. main, neck (> muince, collar), = Skt. 
manya, the nape of the neck, = Gr. dial, fidwof, 
/'dvof. /i6wof. a necklace, fiawamov, ftaviaiaK, a 
necklace; cf. "L.monile, a necklace.] The long 
hair growing on the neck and neighboring parts 
of some animals, as the horse, lion, etc., as dis- 
tinguished from the shorter hair elsewhere. 
When, as In the horse, It grows on the middle line of the 
back of the neck, the mane commonly falls on one side, 
but It may be stiff and erect. In the lion the long and 
shaggy mane coven the whole neck and part of the fore 
quarters. 
Thin mane, thick tall, broad buttock, tender hide ; 
Look, what a horse should have he did not lack. 
Shot., Venus and Adonis, 1. 298. 
Each ware was crested with tawny foam, 
Like the mane of a chestnut steed. 
Scott, L.of L.M.,1. 28. 
Maggie . . . looked over the book, eagerly seizing one 
corner and tossing back her mane. 
George Eliot, Mill on the Floss, L 3. 
man-eater (man'e'ter), n. 1. A cannibal. 
2. In India, a tiger that has acquired a taste 
for human flesh ; a tiger supposed or known to 
have a special propensity for killing and eating 
human beings. The name is sometimes ex- 
tended to the lion and the hyena, on the same 
supposition. 
The regular man-eater is generally an old tiger whose 
vigour is passed, and whose teeth are worn and defective 
It takes up ita abode in the neighbourhood of a village the 
population of which It finds an easier prey than the larger 
or wilder animals. W. U. Flower, Encyc. Brit, XXIII. 886. 
3. One of several kinds of large sharks sup- 
posed to be specially formidable to man ; spe- 
cifically, Carcharodon rondeleti, a very large 
shark of the family Lamnida;. This shark has 
straight narrow triangular teeth, very slightly serrated or 
crenulated, in both jaws. The body is stout and fusiform, 
with a pointed snout ; there are two dorsal fins, one large, 
between the pectorals and the veutrals, the other small and 
posterior ; the anal tin Is like the second dorsal ; the caudal 
tin is crescentiform ; and there are five branchial apertures, 
all in front of the pectorals. It has been found 40 feet 
long, though it averages so much less that IS feet is a 
good size. It is a shark of the high seas, found in nearly 
all tropical waters, frequently passing a considerable dis- 
tance both northward and southward. Teeth much like 
those of the living species have been found in the Pliocene 
and Miocene deposits, as well as In the ooze of the Pacific 
ocean, indicating individuals that must have been about 80 
feet long. 
4. Thedobsonorhellgrammite. [Local, U. S.] 
mane-comb (man'kom), n. A comb for comb- 
ing a horse's mane and tail. 
A third class of the street-sellers of tools are the vendors 
of curry-comlw and brushes, mane-cmnbi, scrapers, and 
clipping instruments. 
Mayhew, London Lalmur and London Poor, I. 400. 
maned (mand), (i. [< mane + -<f2.] i Having 
a mane, as a horse or lion; jubate. 
He said, and to his chariot joined his steeds 
Swift, brazen-hoofed, and maned with wavy gold. 
Camper, Iliad, Till. 49. 
2. In her., same as crincd Maned ant-eater 
Myrmtcophaga jubata. Maned fruit-bat, Pteroput ju- 
batus, a native of the Philippine Islands. 
manege(ma-nazh'),.andn. [<P. mangc=Sp. 
Pg. manejo, < It. maneggin, the handling or train- 
ing of a horse, riding, a riding-school : see man- 
age, n.] I. n. 1. The art of breaking, training, 
and riding horses ; the art of horsemanship. 2. 
A school for training horses and teaching horse- 
manship. 
II. t a. Managed : said of a horse. 
I sent my black manr;ir horse and furniture with a 
friend to his Ma 1 '' then at Oxford. 
Evelyn, Diary, July 12, 1643. 
maneh (man'e), n. [Heb.] A Babylonian and 
Hebrew weight. See mina*. 
ruaneless (man'les), a. [< matte + -less."] Hav- 
ing no mane: as, the maneless lion of Guzerat, 
a recognized variety of f'elis leo. 
man-engine (man'en'jin), . A form of ele- 
vator or power-ladder used in some deep mines 
for raising and lowering men. in its usual form it 
is essentially a vertical rod extending from the surface to 
the bottom of the mine, and reciprocated upward and 
downward, like a pump-rod, by means of a steam-engine 
or awater-wheeL The length of stroke commonly adopt- 
ed is 12 feet, and at intervals equal to the stroke plat- 
forms arc fastened to the rod, with corresponding platforms 
In the shaft, on either side of the rod, at points corre- 
sponding to the limits of the stroke, both np and down. A 
man in descending steps on a platform on the rod just as 
the down stroke begins, and steps off on the platform In 
the shaft which he reaches at the end of the stroke, repeat- 
ing the operation until lie attains his destination. A man 
in ii*cending steps on a platform on the rod as the upward 
stroke begins, and leaves it at the end of the stroke. 
Ascent and descent may proceed simultaneously without 
