manganous 
maximum qu:inliv:ili'iHT nl' 
two. Compare 
By exposing the HHlnyanaUH uxidu to :i strung current 
if air, it takt'H up UMuttlLT iituin uf IX>KI-M. 
Science, XIII. 2B1. 
3609 
entire, coriaoeoui leaves, and pulygamodkeclons flowrrs, 
which are small, plnklxh or yellowish, and grow In much- 
branched paniclea. The fruit is a fleshy drupe, Hbrous 
within, and usually with more or less of a turpentine fla- 
vor. There are almt SO species, natives of tropical Asia. 
mangcorn (nian^'korn), n. [Also mong-rorn, 
niiing-i'orii, iiiiiiii-nrii, < MK. "maiiiirurn, mong- 
A mixture of wheat and rye anil other species 
of grain; a crop of several species of grain 
grown together. [Kng.] 
mange't, c. I. [< ME. maiu/cn, maungeu, < OF. 
mangier, F. mangrr = Sp. Pg. manjar= It. ;- 
iji/irc, eat, < L. minnliii'iire, chew, LL. eat, de- 
vour: see manducate. Cf. wwnc/i 1 , mauni'li*. 
motincli, munch, other forms of the same word.] 
To eat. 
30 haue inanyed [var. mauityedl oucre muche, that maketh 
gow be syke. / Y< /v Plowman (C), i \. 272. 
mange- (uiiiuj), n. [Early mod. E. mangy re- 
duced to mange (whence the adj. mangy, < 
mange% + -y 1 ), < OF. mttngeue, mangue, manjue, 
menjue, itch, also eating, voracity, also what is 
eaten, food eaten (= Pg. manjua, food), < ML. 
imiiiiliifiiiii. {., maiiducatus, in., what is eaten 
(cf. OF. MMMKMt] miingenon, Suisodemangeison, 
F. demangeaison, itch), < L. manducare, chew, 
LL. eat, devour (> OF. manger, e&t): see mangel. 
Cf. mangy, .] A skin-disease or cutaneous 
affection of brutes, as the dog, horse, cattle, etc., 
resembling the itch, and caused by the presence 
in the skin of various acarines, especially the 
mange-mite. The term is loosely extended to 
some similar affections, whether or not of para- 
sitic origin. 
mange-insect (manj'in"ekt), n. Same as 
mange-mite. 
Mangelia (man-je'li-S), n. See Mangilia. 
mangel-wurzel (mang,'gl-wer*zl), . [< G. 
iiKingelwiirzel, prop. maiigoldwurzel, 'beet-root,' 
< mangold, MHG. mangolt, beet (origin uncer- 
tain ; > It. iiMiiigoldo = Slav, malgot), + wurzel, 
MHG. wurzel, OHG. wurzala (= D. wortel, root), 
< tears, a plant, MHG. also root, = E. wort: see 
wort 1 .] A variety of beet, Beta vulgaris maero- 
rhisa, producing a larger and coarser root than 
the garden-beet, which is extensively culti- 
vated as food for cattle. 
mange-mite (mauj'mit), n. A mite whose pres- 
ence causes the mango, as Demodex follicuto- 
rum ; any one of the Deinodicidat. 
manger (man'jer), . [< ME. "mangeoure, man- 
joicre, muiijure, manjore, < OF. mangeoire, man- 
genre, manjure, maingeure, F. mangeoire (= Pg. 
manjadoira), < ML. "manducatoria (cf. equiv. 
manducarium, a bag for oats, a horse's nose- 
bag), a manger, lit. an eating-place, < L. mandu- 
care, chew, eat, > OF. mangier, F. manger, eat : 
see mange 1 .'] 1. A trough or box in which is 
laid for horses or cattle such food as oats, bran, 
roots, or the like (hay being generally placed in 
a rack above the manger); the receptacle from 
which horses or cattle eat in a stable or cow- 
house. 
And she . . . laid him in a manger, because there was 
no room for them in the inn. Luke ii. 7. 
A churlish cur got into a manger, and there lay growling 
to keep the horses from their provender. 
Sir R. L'Estrange. 
2. Naut., a small space at the forward end of 
the deck, divided off by a combing (called the 
manger-board), just back of the hawse-holes, to 
prevent the entrance of water through the lat- 
ter when the after part of the deck is flooded. 
Doginthemanger. See dog. Living at heck and 
manger. See hecki. 
manger-board (man'jer-bord), n. A board or 
bulkhead on a ship's deck that separates the 
manger from the after part of the deck. 
mangeringt, . [<'f. n#i.] Uncertainty; 
perplexity. 
The simple people might be brought in a mangerint/ of 
their faith, and stand in doubt whom they inight'bclir\ , 
rhilpot. Works, p. 315. (HaUiwell. ) 
mangeryt, . \ME., also mangcrie, maungerie, 
< OF. mangcrie, eating, feasting, < manger, eat : 
see mange'. "\ The act of eating; a feast; food. 
Al the whil thatGainelyn heeld his manaerye. 
TaUofQamelyn,\.315. 
Mangifera (man-jif 'e-ra), n. [NL. (Linnseus), 
< niniif/ii + L. ferre = E. Sear 1 .] A genus of 
dicotyledonous polypetalous plants of the natu- 
ral order Aiuicardiacva; the cashew family, and 
type of the tribe ^fangifere<e, having the'ovule 
ascending above the base of the cell, and the 
sepals and petals not increasing after the flower 
has expanded. They arc tropical trees with simple, 
Flowering Branch of Mango-tree (Afanft/era InJica). 
a, a flower i b, part of the inflorescence ; t, the pistil ; J, the fruit ; e, 
the seed. 
The mango, M. Indica, grows abundantly in India, and is 
cultivated in many other tropical countries for its edible 
units, which are very highly esteemed. There are agreat 
many varieties, differing in the flavor, size, and shape of 
the fruit. The unripe fruits are much used in India in 
conserves and pickles, in which latter state they are fre- 
quently exported ; the ripe fruits, also, are much eaten. 
Various parts of the tree are used in medicine. 
Mangifereae (tnan-ji-fe're-e), n. pi. [NL. (Eng- 
ler,1883), < Mangifera + -e<e.] A tribe of plants 
of the natural order Anacardiacete, the cashew 
family, embracing 7 genera, of which Mangi- 
fera is the type, and about 160 species, all na- 
tives of the tropics. . The tribe Is characterized by 
simple leaves, and oy the ovule being suspended from a 
funiculus that rises from the base of the cell. 
Mangilia (mau-jil'i-a), w. [NL. (Loven, 1846), 
orig. Mangelia (Risso, 1826); also Man- 
zelia (Audouin, 1827); from the name 
of Mangili, an Italian naturalist.] 
The typical genus of Mangiliinte. 
Manglllina (man-jil-i-i'ne), n. pi. 
[NL., < Mangilia + -ia:.~] A subfam- 
ily of pleurotomoid gastropods, typified 
by the genus Mangilia, and character- 
ized by absence of an operculum. 
mangilyt (man'ji-li), adv. In a mangy or foul 
manner; meanly. [Rare.] 
Oh, this sounds mangily, 
Poorly, and scurvily, in a soldier's mouth. 
Fletcher (and another), False One, it 3. 
manginess (man'ji-nes), n. The condition of 
being mangy; scabbiness; infection with the 
mange. 
mangle 1 (mang'gl), v. t. ; pret. and pp. mangled, 
ppr. mangling. [Early mod. E. also mangil; 
< ME. mangelen, as if for 'mankelen, freq. of 
ni n n l:i n, mutilate; mixed with ML. mangulare 
for "manculare, mangle; cf. D. OF. mangonner, 
mangle. Cf. mangelen, OHG. mangolon, manko- 
U'm, MHG. mangelen, G. mangeln, Dan. mangle, 
be wanting, lack, freq. of OHG. mangon, men- 
(jen, be wanting, lack: see monk*. The relations 
of these forms are somewhat uncertain.] 1. 
To cut and slash or tear at random ; wound jag- 
gedly or by numerous cuts; hack; lacerate; 
disfigure by cutting, hacking, tearing, or crush- 
ing: applied chiefly to the cutting of flesh. 
The cristin neuer ceased to kille and to sle, and man- 
yeltd alle that thei myght take. 
Merlin (E. E. T. S.), ill. 445. 
I mangle a thing, I disfygure it with cuttyng of it in 
peces or without order. Jemangonne. . . and je ntutillv. 
You have manm/lled this meate horrybly, it is nat to sette 
afore no honest men (nul homme de bien) nowe. 
Paltgnm, quoted In Babees Book (E. E. T. S.\ 11. 99. 
Unless tbou give me crowns, brave crowns ; 
Or mangled shalt thou be by this my sword. 
Shalt., Hen. V., iv. 4. 41. 
2. Figuratively, to destroy the symmetry or 
completeness of; mutilate; mar through igno- 
rance, bungling, or malice. 
Your dishonour 
Manyles true judgement, and bereaves the state 
Of that integrity which should become 'L 
Shalt., ("or., iii. 1. 15a 
The pagans paint him and mangle him after a thousand 
fashions. Bvrton, Anat. of Mel., p. SOI. 
The organ-part was thoroughly mangled. 
The Athenaum, Feb. 25, 1882. 
= Syn. Maim, etc. See mutilate. 
mangle 2 (mang'gl), . [< D. mangel = MLG. 
mangel- (in comp.) = G. nwngel, mandel = Sw. 
mangona 
mangel = Dan. mangle- (in comp./ (cf. Pol. ma- 
giel = Bohem. magi = Little Russ. mahel = Lith. 
ni/iiigalix = Hung, mangurlo, < G.), a mangle, 
dim. (due perhaps in part to the OF. miiiii/nni'l, > 
E. mangonel) of a form represented by G. mange, 
amangle, MHG. mange, a machine for smoothing 
linen, a war-engine, = Icel. mangi, a mangonel, 
= It. mangano, a machine for smoothinglinen, 
a war-engine, '. Ml., mangonum, mangona, man- 
go(n-), a war-engine for throwing stones, etc., < 
Gr. ftdyfavov, a war-engine for throwing stones, 
the axis of a pulley, a oolt, a hunting-net, etc., 
also a means of charming or bewitching (a 
philter, drug, etc.). Cf. mangonel, mangonige.) 
A machine for smoothing fabrics or house- 
hold articles of linen or cotton, as sheets, table- 
cloths, napkins, and towels. Ai formerly made, It 
consisted of an oblong rectangular wooden chest which 
rested upon two cylinders. The cheat was loaded with 
stones to make it press with sufficient force upon the cyl- 
inders, and was moved backward and forward by means 
of a wheel and pinion, the rollers being thus made to pan 
over and thoroughly press the articles spread on a polished 
table underneath. Mangles of this construction have, 
however, been generally superseded by mangles which 
act in the manner of a calender or a clothes-wringer, the 
cloth to be smoothed being passed between one or more 
pairs of rollers. 
mangle- (mang'gl), v. t.; pret. and pp. man- 
gled, ppr. mangling. [= D. MLG. mangelen = 
G. mangeln = Sw. mangla = Dan. mangle, man- 
gle; from the noun.] To smooth with a man- 
gle; calender. 
mangle-bark (mang'gl-bark), n. [< NL. man- 
gle (see mangrove) + bark%.] Same as i- 
grove-bark. 
Mangle bark is principally used in tanning leather. 
IT. S. COM. Rep., No. Iii. (1885X p. 268. 
mangier 1 (mang'gler), w. [(manglel +-er 1 .] 1. 
One who mangles or tears in cutting; one who 
mars, mutilates, or disfigures. 
Coarse manglers of the human face divine, 
Paint on. Tickell, To Sir Godfrey Knellcr. 
2. A machine for chopping meat for cooking; 
a meat-chopper or -masticator. 
mangier 2 (mang'gler), n. [= D. mangelaar 
= Sw. manglare; as mangle? + -rl.] One 
who uses a mangle. 
mangle-rack (mang'gl-rak), n. A rack hav- 
ing teeth on opposite sides, engaged by a pin- 
ion which meshes with the opposite sides al- 
ternately. The continuous rotatory motion of the pin- 
ion is by this device converted into a reciprocating mo- 
tion, as in some forms of clothes-mangle. /-'. //. Knight. 
mangle-wheel (mang'gl-hwel), n. A wheel so 
constructed that a reciprocating rotatory mo- 
tion is communicated to it by a pinion which 
rotates continuously. 
mango (mang'go), n.; pi. mangos or mangoes. 
[=F. mangue = Sp. mango = Pg. manga, mango 
(manguier, the tree), < Malay mafigga, the man- 
go (fruit).] 1. The luscious, slightly acid fruit 
of the mango-tree, in shape and appearance 
somewhat resembling the plantain. See Man- 
gifera. 
The mango is certainly the king of fruit. Its flavour 
is a combination of apricot and pineapple. 
Lady Brassey, Voyage of Sunbeam, I. xiv. 
2. The tree that produces mangos. 
Sheltered by a drooping mango, whose rich clusters of 
purple and orange fruit hung in tempting proximity to lips 
and hands. Lady Brauey, Voyage of Sunbeam, I. xiv. 
3. A small green melon pickled in imitation of 
pickled mangos. 4. A certain humming-bird, 
Lampomis mango Mango-ginger. See Curcuma, 
2, and ginger*. Mountain mango, Cliuia jlava at Ja- 
maica. 
mango-bird (mang'go-berd), w. A kind of In- 
dian oriole, Oriolus kvndoo (Sykes), of a yel- 
low color, closely related to the common onole 
of Europe. 
The mango-bird glances through the groves, and in the 
early morning announces his beautiful but unwelcome 
presence with bis merle-melody. 
P. Robinson, Under the Sun, p. 56. 
mango-fish (mang' go-fish), n. A fish, Polynemun 
paradoxus, of a golden color, with free pectoral 
rays, of which the upper three are about twice as 
long as the entire fish ; the tnpsee. it has no air- 
bladder, rarely exceeds 9 inches in length, and inhabit! 
the Bay of Bengal to the Malay archipelago, entering riv- 
ers in April and May to spawn. Its flesh is highly en- 
teemed. See cut under Polynemut. 
mango-hummer (mang'go-hum'er), . Same 
as mango, 4. 
mangold, mangold-wnrzel (mang'gold, -wer'- 
zl). n. Same as mangel-wurzel. 
mangonat (mang'go-na), n. [ML., also man- 
gana, manganum : see mangonel, mangle*.] A 
military engine for throwing stones, darts, etc. 
See mangonel. 
