mangonel 
mangonelt (mang'go-nel), n. [Also manyane/.; 
< ME. mangonel, mangonel, mangunel, magnel, 
magnal, < OF. mangonel, mangoneal, P. mangon- 
neau = Pr. manganel=It. manganella, < MJL.man- 
gonellus, a mangonel, dim. of mangonum, man- 
MangoneL (From Viollet-le-Duc's " Diet, dc 1' Architecture.") 
gona, an engine for throwing stones : see man- 
gle 2 .] A military engine formerly used for 
throwing stones, etc. 
Sette Mahon at the mangonel and mulle-stones throweth, 
With crokes and with kalketrappes a-cloye we hem 
echone ! Piers Plowman (C), xxi. 295. 
Mid mangonels & ginnes hor either to other caste. 
Sob. of Gloucester, p. 666. 
Withoute stroke, it mot be take, 
Of trepeget or mangonel. 
Bom. of the Rose, 1. 6279. 
The lazy engines of outlandish birth, 
Couched like a king each on its bank of earth 
Arbalist, mangonel, and catapult. Browning, Sordello. 
mangonismt (mang'go-nizm), n. [< mangon(ize) 
+ -ism.'] The art of mangonizing, or of setting 
off worthless or poor things to advantage. 
Let gentlemen and ladies who are curious trust little 
by mangonisme, insuccations, or medicine, to alter the 
species, or indeed the forms and shapes of flowers con- 
siderably. Evelyn, Calendarium Hortense, March. 
mangonistt (mang'go-nist), n. [< mangon(ize) 
+ -ist.~] 1. One who mangouizes, or furbishes 
up worthless articles for sale. 
The mangonist doth feed and graith his horse. 
Money Wasters all Things (1698), p. 77. (Encyc. Diet.) 
2. A strumpet. 
One who sels humane flesh a mangonist ! 
Marston, Dutch Courtezan, i. 1. 
mangonizet (mang ' go -niz), v. t. [< L. mango- 
nizare, furbish up for sale, < mango(n~), a dealer 
in slaves or wares who furbishes them up for 
sale, a furbisher, polisher, < Gr. pAyyavov, a 
means of charming or bewitching (or deceiv- 
ing): see mangle'*.'] 1. To polish or furbish up 
in order to set off to advantage. 
Hist. What will you ask for them a week, captain ? 
Tuc. No, you mangoniztng slave, I will not part from them. 
B. Jonson, Poetaster, iii. 1. 
2. To fatten, as slaves, for sale. 
mangOOSe, . See mongoos. 
mangostan (mang'go-stan), n. See mangosteen. 
mangosteen (mang'go-sten), n. [Also mango- 
Stan; = F. mangoustan (the tree), mangouste (the 
fruit), < Malay mangusta, mangis.] The impor- 
tant tropical fruit-tree Garoinia Mangostana; 
also, its product. Occasionally written mcmgo- 
stine Wild mangosteen, Diospyros Embryopteris, a 
3610 
dense tree with astringent fruit, common iii the East 
Indies. 
mango-tree (mang'go-tre), 11, Mangifera Indi- 
ca. See Mangifera and mango. 
mangrove (mang'grov), n. [Formerly also 
mangrowe (1670) ; appar. an altered form, sim- 
ulating E. grove, of *mango, or some similar 
form (cf. F. manglier, Sp. mangle, NL. mangle, 
mangrove ) of Malay manggi-manggi, mangrove .] 
1. A tree of the genus BMeopnora, chiefly 
B. mucronata (B. Mangle), the common man- 
grove, abounding on tropical shores in both 
hemispheres. It is a low tree of most singular habit, 
remarkable for a copious development of adventitious 
roots, which arch out from the lower part of the trunk, 
and at length descend from the branches ; it is peculiar 
also in that its seed germinates in the fruit, sending down 
its radicle into the mud, sometimes a distance of sev- 
eral feet, before detachment from the parent. By these 
means the mangrove spreads thickly over the tidal mud, 
forming impenetrable and highly malarial bogs, hun- 
dreds of miles in length. The wood is valuable for fuel, 
for piles, etc., and is susceptible of a beautiful polish. 
The astringent bark is useful in medicine and for tanning. 
The fruit is of a dry and coriaceous texture. See cut in 
preceding column. 
2. Another plant of similar habit, especially 
a plant of the genus Amcennia. They are lit- 
toral trees, widely diffused in the tropics, throwing out a 
tangled mass of arching roots above ground, and sending 
up abundant asparagus-like shoots from the underground 
roots. The seed also germinates as it ripens. A. ojfici- 
nalis (including A. tomentosa), called white mangrove, ex- 
tends to Australia and New Zealand, the manawa of the 
Maoris, mistakenly reported to yield an aromatic gum. 
A. nttida of tropical America and Africa is the black or 
olive mangrove. See blackwood, 3. 
3. In zool., the mango-fish. Red mangrove, a 
Guiana form or name of the common mangrove. White 
mangrove. See def. 2; also, the white buttonwood 
(which see). Zaragoza mangrove, Conocarpus erecta. 
See buttonwood, 1. 
mangrove-bark (mang'gr6v-bark),i. The bark 
of the common mangrove, of Amcennia ojfici- 
nalis, and of several similar East Indian trees, 
valuable for tanning. Also mangle-baric. 
mangrove-CUCkoo (mang'gr6v-kuk"o), n. An 
American tree-cuckoo, Coccyzus seniculus or C. 
minor, found in Florida and some of the West 
Indian islands : so called from frequenting man- 
groves. It resembles the common C. americanus, and is 
of about the same size, but the under parts are pale orange- 
brown instead of white, and the auriculars are dusky. See 
Coccyzince. 
mangrove-hen (mang'grov-hen), it. The com- 
mon salt-water marsh-hen or clapper-rail, Bal- 
lus longirostris or B. crepitans. [West Indies.] 
mangrove-snapper (mang 'grov- snap "er), n. 
The bastard snapper, Lutjanus (Ehomboplites) 
auroriibens, a sparoid fish of the West Indies 
and northward to South Carolina. It is about a 
foot long, and of a vermilion or rosy hue in different parts, 
with irregular yellow spots on the sides. This fish tech- 
nically differs from other snappers of the same genus in 
having a diamond-shaped patch of vomerine teeth and 
feeble canines. See snapper. 
mangue (mangg), ?!. [African (?).] Aviverrine 
quadrupedof Africa, 
Branch of Mangrove {Rhisophora Mangle), with leaves and fruit. 
a, flowers ; *, a flower laid open, the pistil removed ; c, the pistil ; d, a 
trichoblast in the bark, highly magnified. 
Mangue (Crossarchus obscurus). 
19 inches long, of a nearly uniform dark-brown 
color, paler on the head, the feet blackish, and 
the snout long and slender. 
MangUSta(mang-gus'ta),. [NL.(Cuyier), after 
F.mangouste: see mongoose,"] A generic name of 
ichneumons or mongooses : same as Herpestes. 
mangyt (man'ji), n. See mange^, n. 
The dog whose mangy eats away his haire. 
Stapytton, Juvenal, vlii. 42. (Encyc. Diet.) 
mangy (man'ji), a. [< mange 2 , n., + -y^.~] In- 
fected with the mange; scabby; hence, unti- 
dily rough or shaggy, as if from mange. 
Away, thou issue of a mangy dog ! 
Shalt., T. of A., iv. 3. 371. 
I remember her a mangy little urchin picking weeds in 
the garden. Thackeray. 
manhaden, . See menhaden. 
manhandle (man'han"dl), v. t.; pret. and pp. 
manhandled, ppr. manhandling. Naut., to move 
by force of men, without levers or tackles; 
hence, to handle roughly; pull and push about, 
as a person, in anger or in sport. 
In two minutes [they] were so mauled and manhandled 
that it was reported aft. The Century, XXXI. 905. 
mania 
man-hater (man'ha"ter), . 1. One who hates 
mankind ; a misanthrope. 
What will they do then, in the name of God and Saints, 
what will these man-haters yet with more despight and 
mischief do ? Hilton, Church-Government, ii., Con. 
2. One who hates the male sex. 
Rousseau, of Geneva, a professed man-hater, or, more 
properly speaking, a philosopher enraged with more than 
half of mankind. Goldsmith, Polite Learning, viii. 
manheadt (man'hed), n, [Early mod. E. man- 
lied; < ME. manhede = MLG. manheit = OHG. 
manaheit, MHG. manheit, G-. mannheit; < man 
+ -head,] 1. The state of being human; hu- 
man nature ; humanity. 
The high Physicion, our Blessed Sauiour Christ, whose 
holy Manhed God ordeined for our necessitie. 
Sir T. More, Cumfort against Tribulation. 
2. Manhood; virility. 
Thou mayst, syn thou hast wysdom and manhede, 
Assemblen al the folk of cure kynrede. 
Chaiuxr, Knight's Tale, 1. 427. 
Sone, y schal thee schewe now take hede 
And of suche maners thee declare 
Bi whiche thou schalt come to manhede, 
To wordli worschip, and to weelfare. 
Babees Book (E. E. T. S.), p. 34. 
manheim (man'hlm ), n. A brass alloy resem- 
bling gold. See Mannheim gold, under gold. 
manhole (man'hol), n. 1. A hole through 
which a man may enter a sewer, drain, cess- 
pool, or the like, for cleaning or repairing ; in 
steam-boilers, hot-water tanks, keirs, etc., a 
hole formed in the shell, through which a man 
may enter to the interior for cleaning, inspec- 
tion, or repairs. In the latter cases the hole is pro- 
vided with a cover by which it may be stopped steam- 
tight or water-tight, the cover being usually fitted to the 
inside, and the hole made elliptical so that the cover can 
be easily inserted ; the pressure of the steam or water as- 
sists in holding the cover to its seat. 
2. In coal-mining: (a) An excavation or ref- 
uge-hole made in the side of an underground 
engine-plane or horse-road. [Eng.] (6) A 
small and generally short passage used for the 
ingress and egress of the miners. [Pennsylva- 
nia anthracite region.] (c) A niche cut in the 
side of a railroad-tunnel as a refuge-hole. 
manhood (mau'hud), n. [< ME. manhode (also 
manhede: see manhead^-) ; < man + -hood.] 1. 
The state of being man, or of belonging to the 
human race, as distinguished from higher or 
lower orders of existence. 
Equal to the Father as touching his godhead, and infe- 
rior to the Father as touching his manhood. 
Athanasian Creed, [English] Book of Common Prayer. 
Therefore thy humiliation shall exalt 
With thee thy manhood also to this throne. 
Milton, P. L., iii. 314. 
2. The state of being a man, as distinguished 
from a woman or a boy ; virility. 
To some shade, 
And fit you to your manhood. 
Shale., Cymbeline, iii. 4. 195. 
His starry helm unbuckled show'd him prime 
In manhood where youth ended. 
Miltm, P. L., xi. 246. 
3. The quality of being a man or manly; man- 
liness ; possession of masculine qualities, as 
courage, fortitude, resolution, honor, etc. 
I am ashamed 
That thou hast power to shake my manhood thus. 
Shale., Lear, i. 4. 319. 
Peace hath higher test of manhood 
Than battle ever knew. 
Whittier, The Hero. 
Manhood suffrage. See su/raye. = Syn. 3. Bravery, firm- 
ness, stanchness. 
mania (ma'ni-a), -. [Early mod. E. manie (see 
manie), < ME. "manie, < OF. manie, F. manie = 
Sp. mania. = Pg. It. mania; < L. mania, madness 
(a disease of cattle), ML. NL. insanity, < Gr. 
pavia, madness, frenzy, < [utiveadat, rage, be mad ; 
akin to [ifaof,-naind., pijvie, wrath, etc.: see mintfi.~\ 
1. Any form or phase of insanity with exalta- 
tion of spirits and rapidity of mental action : 
specifically, a psychoneurosis with these as the 
fundamental features. In a mania in this strict sense 
there may be delusions, but they fail of the systematized 
character of those of parancea. Delusions and hallucina- 
tions may also be present. The attack may last for days, or 
months, or years. The prognosis is not very unfavorable. 
The cases issue in recovery, in death by exhaustion and In- 
tercurrent disease, and a considerable proportion in per- 
manent imbecility. 
2. An eager, uncontrolled, or uncontrollable 
desire : as, a mania for drink ; in colloquial use, 
a "rage" or craze for something: as, a mania 
for first editions. 
In the end of the 12th or beginning of the 13th century, 
the mania, for painted glass had seized on the French ar- 
chitects, and all architectural propriety was sacrificed to 
this mode of decoration. J, Fenjuaon, Hist. Arch., 1. 520. 
