manifold 
2. Exhibiting or embracing many points, fea- 
tures, or characteristics ; complicated in char- 
acter; having many parts or relations: used 
with nouns in the singular number: as, the 
manifold wisdom or the manifold grace of God 
(Eph.iii. 10; 1 Pet.iv. 10); "the manifold we of 
friendship," Bacon. 
With how manifold and strong a bond 
The child was bound to the father. 
Shak., Lear, H. 1. 49. 
Manifold fugue, a fugue with more than one subject. 
II. H. 1. A complicated object or subject; 
that which consists of many and various parts ; 
specifically, an aggregate of particulars or units ; 
especially, in math., a multitude of objects con- 
nected by a system of relations; an ensemble. 
2. In Kant's theory of knowledge, the total of 
the particulars furnished by sense before they 
are connected by the synthesis of the under- 
standing; that which is in the sense and has 
not yet been in thought. 
Then, and then only, do we say that we know an object, 
if we have produced synthetical unity in the manifold of 
intuition. 
Kant, Critique of Pure Reason, tr. by Max Miiller. 
He [Kant] . . . tells us in the Analytic that sense only 
presents to us a mere manifold, which requires to be 
bound together in the unity of a conception ere it can be 
apprehended as an object. 
E. Caird, Philos. of Kant, p. 228. 
3. A copy or facsimile made by means of a mani- 
fold-writer, or by the use of carbon-paper in a 
type-writer, etc. 4. Atube,usuallyof cast met- 
al, with one or more flanged or screw-threaded 
inlets and two or more flanged or screw-thread- 
ed outlets for pipe-connections, much used in 
pipe-fitting for steam-heating coils, or for cool- 
ing-coils in breweries, and in other cases where 
it is useful to convey steam, water, or air from 
a large pipe into several smaller ones. Also 
called T-branch and header Class of a manifold, 
in math., the multitude of an infinite manifold. A dis- 
cretely infinite manifold is said to belong to the/rrf class, 
and a continuously infinite manifold to the second class. 
Condensed manifold. See condensed. Derivative Of 
a manifold of points. See derivative. 
manifold (man'i-fold), adv. [= OHG. manag- 
falto (cf . D. menigvuldig) ; from the adj.] Many 
times ; in multiplied number or quantity. 
There is no man who hath left house, or parents, . . . 
who shall not receive manifold more. Luke xviii. 30. 
manifold (mau'i-fold), v. t. [< ME. manifolden, 
< AS. gemtenigfalden, gemonigfealdian (= OHG. 
managfalton, manacfaldan, MHG. manecvalten 
= leel.margfalda = Sw. nt&ngfaldiga; cf. MLG. 
mannichuoldigen); from the adj.] To make mani- 
fold; multiply; specifically, to multiply impres- 
sions of by a single operation, as a letter by 
means of a manifold-writer, or by the use of 
carbon-paper in a type-writer. 
manifoldly (man'i-fold-li), adv. [< ME. *mani- 
foldly, < AS. manigfealdlice (= Icel. margfaldli- 
ga),<.manigfeald,-ma.nifold: see manifold.'] In 
a manifold manner ; in many ways. 
manifoldness (man'i-fold-nes), n. [< ME. 
"manifoldnes,(. AS. manigfealdness,<.manigfeald, 
manifold: see manifold.] 1. The state of being 
manifold; variety; multiplicity. 2. Inmath.: 
(a) A manifold or ensemble ; especially, a con- 
tinuous quantity of any number of dimensions. 
This wider conception of which space and time are par- 
ticular varieties it has been proposed to denote by the term 
manifoldness. Whenever a general notion is susceptible 
of a variety of specializations, the aggregate of such spe- 
cializations is called a manifoldness. Thus space is the 
aggregate of all points, and each point is a specialization 
of the general notion of position. F. W. Frankland. 
(I) The number of different prime factors of a 
number. 
The total number of distinct primes which divide a given 
number I call its manifoldness or multiplicity. 
J. J. Sylvester, Nature, XXXVII. 152. 
manifold-paper (man'i-f61d-pa"per), . Car- 
bonized paper used for duplicating a writing, 
or in a typewriting-machine. 
manifold- writer (man't-fold-ri'ter), n. A prep- 
aration of oiled paper interleaved with carbo- 
nized paper, which, when written on with a 
hard point, transfers the impressed carbon in 
the form of writing to two or more sheets. 
maniform (man'i-form), a. [< L. manus, the 
hand, + forma, form.] 1. Having the form of 
a hand; hand-shaped. 2. Having the two ter- 
minal joints opposed to each other, as the pedi- 
palp of a scorpion ; chelate. Kirby. 
maniglion (ma-nil'yon), n. [< It. maniglione, a 
handle of a cannon, < maniglio, a bracelet : see 
manilio.] A handle of an early type of cannon, 
usually one of two handles cast with the gun. 
Compare dolphin, 5. 
3612 
manihoct (man'i-hok), n. Same as manioc. 
Manihot (man'i-hot),K. [NL. (Adanson, 1763).] 
1 . A genus of euphorbiaceous plants of the tribe 
Crotoneie and the subtribe Adrianece. The calyx of 
the staminate flowers has imbricated lobes and is often col- 
ored, the stamens are 10 in number and have anthers at- 
tached at the back, and the styles are spreading. They are 
tall herbs or shrubs, with alternate leaves which are undi- 
vided or often palmately 3- to 7-lobed or -parted, and monoe- 
cious apetalous flowers, which are quite large and grow In 
terminal or axillary racemes. There are about 80 species, 
all natives of tropical and subtropical America ; several 
of them, however, are largely cultivated elsewhere. The 
genus is of great importance for the food-products de- 
rived from the roots of several species, especially M. uti- 
lissima, the bitter cassava, and M. Aipi, the sweet cassava, 
which by some are regarded as varieties of one species. 
M. Qlaziavii furnishes Brazilian or Ceara india-rubber. 
See Brazilian arrowroot (under arrowroot), cassava, manioc, 
and tapioca. 
2. n. c.] Same as manioc. 
manikia, n. Plural of manikion. 
manikin, manakin (man'i-kin, man'a-kin), n. 
and a. [Also mannikin, in def. 3 sometimes 
manequin; < OF. manequin, F. mannequin = Sp. 
maniqui, a puppet, manikin; < MD. manneken 
(= G. mannchen), a little man, < man, = E. man, 
+ dim. -ken, E. -kin. Cf. mankind. The bird Pi- 
pra manacus was called manikin (G. bart^mann- 
chen) in allusion to the beard-like feathers on the 
chin.] I. . 1. Alittleman; adwarf; apygmy. 
Fab. This is a dear maruMn to you, Sir Toby. 
Sir To. I have been dear to him, lad, some two thousand 
strong, or so. Shale., T. N., lii. 2. 57. 
Forth rush'd the madding mannitcin to arms. 
Beattie, Battles of the Pigmies and Cranes. 
2. A model of the human body, used for show- 
ing the structure, form, and position of the va- 
rious organs, limbs, muscles, etc., or adapted 
and used for practising bandaging or for per- 
forming certain obstetrical operations, as de- 
livery with the forceps. 3. An artists' model 
of the human figure. See lay-figure and mane- 
quin. 4. A non-oscine passerine bird of the 
subfamily Piprin&. Manikins are generally small, 
thick-set, and of brilliant plumage; with few exceptions, 
they are natives of the hottest parts of America. They 
feed on vegetable and animal substances, and are lively 
and active in their movements. The bearded manikin, 
Manacus manacus, is black, with the breast, neck, and tuft 
of feathers on the chin white. The species are numerous, 
and the sexes are diverse in color and often in form, the 
males of many having curiously shaped wings or tail. The 
name sometimes extends to all the Pipridcs, and to some 
members of the related family Cotinffidce. See cut under 
Manacus. [In this sense usually manakin, conformably 
with the New Latin Manacus.} 
II. a. Like a manikin ; artificial. [Rare.] 
Boors, indeed ; but they are live boors, and not manikin 
shepherds. D. 0. Mitchell, Wet Days (Theocritus). 
manikion (ma-nik'i-on), n. ; pi. manikia (-a). 
[MQr. fiaviKtov, a sleeve: see epimanikion.'} Same 
as epimanikion. 
manil (ma-nil'), n. Same as manille^. 
manila, manilla 3 (ma-nil'a), n. [< Manila (see 
def.).] 1. [cap.] A kind'of cheroot manufac- 
tured in Manila, the capital of the Philippine 
Islands. 2. A fibrous material obtained from 
the leaves of Musa textilis, the abaca or abaka, 
a plant that grows in the Philippine Islands. 
Excellent ropes and cables are made from it (its most com- 
mon use); and its fluer qualities are woven into fabrics 
suitable for wearing-apparel, sometimes of great beauty 
and cost. Also called Manila hemp. See Musa. 
Manila copal, elemi, rope, etc. See copal, etc. 
manilio (ma-nil'io), n. [< It. maniglio, mani- 
glia, a bracelet, a handle: see manille 1 , mani- 
glion.'] A bracelet or arm-ring, especially one 
of a kind worn by savages, as in Africa. Copper 
manilios formed a common article of barter during the 
early intercourse between Europeans and African tribes. 
See ring-morey. Also manil, manille. 
Their arms and legs chained with manilios or voluntary 
bracelets. Sir T. Herbert, Travels, p. 204. 
manilla 1 (ma-nil'a), n. [< Sp. manilla Pg. 
manilha = It. maniglia, a bracelet, ring-money, 
< ML. manilia, a bracelet, < L. manus, hand: 
see main 3 . Cf. manille^, manilio.'] A piece 
of ring-money such as was until recent times 
used for barter on the Guinea coast of Africa. 
These pieces are of copper or iron, of fixed weight, and 
in the present century have been manufactured in England 
for exportation to Africa. See manilio. 
manilla' 2 (ma-nil'a), n. [See manille^.] In the 
game of solo, the seven of trumps, the highest 
card but one. 
manilla 3 , n. See manila. 
manille 1 (ma-nil'), n. [Also manil; < OF. ma- 
nille, a bracelet, a handle, < It. maniglia = Sp. 
Sp. manilla, a bracelet: see manilla 1 .] Same 
as manilio. Ash. 
manille 2 (ma-nel'), n. [< F. manille, < Sp. ma- 
lilla, for "manilla = Pg. manilha, a game of 
cards, manille (as defined); appar. < mano, 
hand : cf . manilla 1 .] The highest card but one 
manipulate 
in the games of omber and quadrille. It is the 
two of clubs or spades, or the seven of diamonds or hearts, 
according as one or other of these suits is trumps, the ma- 
nille always being a trump. The card, in the form Manil- 
Ho, is personified in the following lines : 
Spadillio first, unconquerable lord ! 
Led oif two captive trumps, and swept the board. 
As many more Manillio forced to yield, 
And march'd a victor from the verdant field. 
Pope, E. of the L., iii. 51. 
Manina (ma-m'nii), n. pi. [NL., < Manis + 
-ina 1 .] Same as Man idai. 
maninose (man'i-noz), . [Also manninosc, 
mannynose, manynose, nannynose, etc.; < Amer. 
Ind. mananosay.] The soft clam, Mya arenaria. 
[Maryland and Virginia.] 
manioc (man 'i -ok), . [Also manihoc, mani- 
hot, maniocca; = Sp. Pg. mandioca; of Braz. 
origin.] The cassava-plant or its product. The 
manioc or cassava is a very important food-staple in trop- 
ical America. The tubers of Manihot utilissima, sometimes 
weighing forty pounds, must be grated to a pulp and sub- 
mitted to pressure in order to remove a deleterious juice. 
Those of M. Aipi may be used as an esculent vegetable 
like potatoes. The South American natives also prepare 
from manioc an intoxicating drink called piwarrie. Also 
mandioc, mandioca. 
maniocca (man-i-ok'S), n. See manioc. 
maniple (man'i-pl), . [< OF. maniple, F. ma- 
nipule = Sp. manipulo = Pg. manipulo = It. ma- 
nipulo, manipolo, < L. manipulus, a handful, a 
bundle ; also (because, it is said, a bundle 6f 
hay was tied to the military standards), a num- 
ber of soldiers belonging to the same standard, 
a company, < manus, the hand, + -pulus, akin to 
E.fulli: see full 1 .] 1. A handful. [Rare.] 
I have seen him wait at court there with his maniples 
Of papers and petitions. 
B. Jonson, Magnetick Lady, i. 1. 
Do thou pluck a maniple that is, an handful of the 
plant called Maidenhair, and make a syrup therewith as I 
have shewed thee. 0. W. Holmes, Med. Essays, p. 282. 
2. In Bom. antiq., a military company consist- 
ing normally of 120 men in three out of the four 
classes of infantry (velites, hastati, and princi- 
pes), and of 60 men in the fourth (triarii), with 
two (first and second) centurions and a stan- 
dard-bearer. Three maniples constituted a co- 
hort. 
The enemy were actually inside before the few maniples 
who were left there were able to collect and resist them. 
Froude, Caesar, p. 317. 
Hence 3f. A company or any small body of 
soldiers. 
The Rereward was led by Sir Thomas Brackenbury, con- 
sisting of two thousand mingled Weapons, with two Wings 
of Horse-men, containing fifteen hundred, all of them cast 
into square Maniples. Baker, Chronicles, p. 232. 
Fool ! he sees not the firm root out of which we all 
grow though into branches ; nor will beware until hee see 
our small divided maniples cutting through at every angle 
of his ill united and unwieldy brigade. 
Milton, Areopagitica, p. 48. 
4. In the Western Church, one of the eucharis- 
tic vestments, consisting of a short, narrow 
strip, similar in material, width, and color to 
the stole. It is marked with a cross and generally em- 
broidered and fringed. The maniple is worn by prelates, 
priests, deacons, and snbdeacons, hanging from the left 
sleeve of the alb, fastened near the wrist, or attached by 
strings, pins, or a button. It is assumed by the celebrant 
after the alb and girdle, and before the stole. A bishop 
assumes it at the Indulgentiam. In Anglican churches 
maniples are worn, as in themedieval church, three or four 
feet in length ; in the Roman Catholic Church they are now 
much shorter. The maniple seems to have first come into 
use in the eighth century, and was originally a piece of 
white linen used as a handkerchief. Till the twelfth cen- 
tury and later it continued to be held in the hand. There 
is no corresponding vestment in the Eastern Church, 
though some writers have confounded the epimanikion 
with it. Other names formerly given to the maniple were 
fanon or phanon, mantile, manuteryiwn, mappula or map- 
pa, and sudarium. 
maniplies, . sing, and pi. See manyplies. 
manipular (ma-nip'u-lar), a. [= F. manipu- 
laire = It. (obs.) manipulare, manipolare, < L. 
maniptdaris. of or belonging to a maniple or 
company, \ manipulus, a handful, a military 
company: see maniple.] 1. Of or pertaining 
to handling or manipulation, either literally or 
figuratively. 
Mr. Squills . . . beganmendingit[thepenlfuriously 
that is, cutting it into slivers thereby denoting symbol- 
ically how he would like to do with Uncle Jack, could he 
once get him safe and snug under his manipular opera- 
tions. Balteer, Caxtons, xi. 7. 
What the former age has epitomized into a formula or 
rule for manipular convenience, it [the mind] will lose all 
the good of verifying for itself. Emerson, History. 
2. Of or pertaining to a maniple or company 
of soldiers : as, the manipular system of Roman 
tactics. 
manipulate (ma-nip'u-lat), r.; pret. and pp. 
manipulated, ppr. manipulating. [< ML. mani- 
pulatus, pp. of manipulare (> It. manipolare = 
