manure 
Heaven and earth never at'reed better to frame a place 
for ii.in- liahititlion. were it fill!} innnrt*il and inhabited 
by industrious people. Capt. John Smith, Works, I. 114. 
3. To iipl'ly manure to; treat with a fertilizer 
or fertilizing materials or elements: as, to ma- 
un rr :t lii'M or a crop. 
Mawent d nii-madr, niai/nm/mle bott lyttylle, 
In tuvatlies sweppene <townc fnllc of swete noures. 
Thaiv nniindilles Ilieis imlde. nnd baytes tlu-iru hones. 
Morte Arthure (H. K. T. S.), 1. 2607. 
Witli liranehett overgrown. 
That mock our scant manuriiuj, and rt<i|iiin> 
More hands than ours to lop tfieir wanton growth. 
Milton I'. I... iv. i;is. 
The soil will indue time be iiumurerfby the overflowing 
of that river [the Nile], though they neither see nor know 
the true cause of it. Bp. Atterbury, Sermons, I. xv. 
4. To servo as manure for. 
The corps of half her senate 
Manure the Holds of Thessaly. Addison, Cato, 11. 1. 
manure (ma-nur'), . [(manure, v.] Any sub- 
stance added to the soil with the view of render- 
ing it more fertile ; specifically, and as used in 
leases and other contracts relating to real prop- 
erty, the excreraentitious product of live stock, 
with refuse litter, accumulated, and used for 
enriching the land. Animal substances employed aa 
manures comprehend the putrefying carcasses of animals, 
ground hours, blood, the excrements of animals, as the 
dung of horses, cattle, sheep, poultry, etc., urine, guano 
(the decomposed excrement of aquatic birds, also of bats), 
the scrapings of leather and horn, the refuse of the sham- 
bles, the hair or wool of animals, etc. Liquid manure, con- 
sisting of town sewage, the draining* of dung-heaps, sta- 
bles, and cow-houses, etc., is largely employed in many 
places. Almost every kind of vegetable substance, In one 
state or another, is used as manure. The principal min- 
eral matters employed as manures are lime and other 
alkaline substances, chalk, sand, clay, marl, various sul- 
phates, phosphates, nitrates, etc. 
manure-distributer (ma-nur'dis-trib'u-ter), . 
An agricultural machine for spreading a layer 
of manure evenly over the ground. 
manure-drag (ma-nur 'drag), n. In agri., a 
horse-fork with curved tines projecting down- 
ward, used for hauling manure from a wagon in 
unloading, for dragging it to a place convenient 
for piling or loading, or for distributing over a 
field and harrowing in manure that has been 
dumped in heaps. Also called manure-hook. 
manure-drill (ma-nur'dril), n. In agri.: (a) 
An attachment to a grain-drill which deposits 
powdered manure either in the seed-row or 
broadcast, as may be desired. (6) A form of 
watering-cart for distributing in streams over 
the surface of a field liquid manure carried in 
the box of the vehicle. E. H. Knight. 
manure-fork (raa-nur'fork), n. A fork, usual- 
ly with four flat prongs, used for lifting and 
distributing manure. 
manure-hook (ma-nur'huk), n. In agri.: (a) 
Same as manure-drag, (b) A hand-implement 
used for the same purposes as the manure-drag. 
manure-loader (ma-nur 'Ip'der), w. A form 
of horse-fork for loading into a wagon large 
bunches of stable-manure. E. H. Knight. 
manurementt (ma-nur'ment), . [< manure + 
-ment.'] The art or process of manuring or 
cultivating; cultivation. Sir H. Wotton, Re- 
liquiae, p. 76. 
manurer (ma-nur'er), n. One who manures 
lands. 
manure-spreader (ma-nur'spred'er), . Same 
as mainti'i'-tlixtributer. 
Manuria (ma-nu'ri-a), n. [NL., from an E. 
Ind. name.] 1. A genus of turtles, typical of 
the subfamily Mnnurtana. Also Muniniria. 
2. [/. c.] A land-tortoise of this genus, Manu- 
ria fused; inhabiting parts of the hill-country 
of India. In some respects it resembles a fresh-water 
turtle of the family Clcmmyidtz. The plastron has ten 
plates, disposed in five pairs ; the two pectoral shields are 
small, angular, and removed toward the sides at the hinder 
edge of the axilla;. 
manurial (ma-mVri-al), a. [< manure + -ial.~\ 
Of or pertaining to manure; serving for ma- 
nure; fertilizing: as, the manurial value of 
phosphates. 
To maintain its good tilth by the inaintrial products 
which it is now enpable of supplying. 
J. R. yichol*, Fireside Science, p. 104. 
manurially (ma-mVri-al-i), adv. As regards 
manure or its production. 
Manuriana (ma-uu-ri-an'a). . /</. [NL., < 
Maiiuria + -Una.] In Gray's system of classi- 
fication, a subfamily of Tcx'tmliiiitlir. typified by 
the genus Mininrin, including two Indian spe- 
cies of separate genera, more like the fresh- 
water tortoises than the other Textitdinirtie. 
Also MaiininiiiiHi. 
manus(ma'inis). n.: pi. maniif. [L., the hand, 
hence power: see main'-*, mini mil, etc.] 1. 
The hand. Technically, in zool. and anal. : (a) The dis- 
228 
3621 
tnl segment of the fore limb of a vertebrated animal, in- 
eluding all beyond the forearm or fore leg(antebmchlumX 
It is divided into three segments, the carpus, the meta- 
carpus, and the phalanges. Sci'/m/ii/. [The word is used 
to avoid the Imp] icatlon of any diHerence between " hand " 
as of a man and " fore foot " as of a quadruped : it is chiefly 
a morphological term, opiiosed to peg, which la the corre- 
sponding segment of the hind limb. Sometimes called pel 
iiiitiriix.l (b) The prehensile organ of a crustacean; the 
chela or great chelate claw, M of a lobster, (e) In rntom., 
the tarsus of the anterior leg. Kirby. (d) In ichth., the 
pectoral tin. 
2. In KOHI. law: (a) Same as iomtHtum, but 
more commonly used of power over persons. 
Old blind Appius Claudius, or old Cato the Censor, was 
not stronger than the young men who were in his manus; 
and yet both of them ruled their respective households 
with absolute sway. W. E. Hearn, Aryan Household, p. 28. 
(6) More specifically, the power of a Roman hus- 
band over his wife: as, in manu (of a woman), 
under the marital authority, 
manuscript (inan'u-skript), a. and n. [= F. 
maniiserit = Sp. MMMMTHf = Pg. manuseript<>= 
It. nmiinxcritto, maauseritto, a. and n., < ML. 
manuscriptus, a., L. prop, as two words, manu 
scriptus, written by hand, ML. (neut.) manu- 
ncriptttm, n., a book or paper written by hand; 
< manu, abl. of manus, hand, + scriptus, pp. of 
scribere, write: see script. Cf. chirograph, at like 
meaning.] I. a. 1. Written with the hand; in 
handwriting (not printed). 
In a manuscript account of the building of the palace, it 
is mentioned that at the entrance were two columns. 
E. A. Freeman, Venice, p. 250. 
2. Consisting of writings or written books. 
He expended upwards of 300 In arranging and Improv- 
ing the manuscript library at Lambeth. 
Bp. Porteui, Abp. Seeker, p. 55. 
II. . 1. A book, paper, or instrument writ- 
ten by hand with ink or other pigment, or with 
a pencil or the like ; a writing of any kind, as 
distinguished from anything that is printed. 
Especially 2. Such a book, paper, or instru- 
ment so written before the introduction andgen- 
eral adoption of printing in the fifteenth cen- 
tury, or in a style in vogue before the invention 
of printing. The oldest surviving manuscripts are 
Egyptian, of which some are at least 3,600 years old. 
Ancient manuscripts are written on papyrus, parchment, 
or vellum, and are usually in the form of a long band 
which was rolled for convenience about a rod. Greek 
manuscripts are in uncial, cursive, or minuscule charac- 
ters. The uncials are the oldest form, and resemble mod- 
ern capitals. The cursive characters are derived from the 
uncials, though they came to differ much from these in 
shape, and are used in manuscripts from the second cen- 
tury before Christ. The minuscule writing is that practised 
with few or no exceptions since the ninth century ; the 
forms of the earliest printed Greek closely resemble It. 
Latin manuscripts are in capital, uncial, cursive, or minus- 
cule characters. The capitals are the earliest form, but 
their use was not entirely discontinued until the Carolin- 
glan epoch. The uncials, of which the letters are charac- 
terized by their rounded shape, were developed very early, 
attained their highest perfection in the fourth century, 
and continued In use until the ninth century. The cursive 
writing was developed from the uncial ; it appears In the 
gramti found scratched on the walls of Pompeii, Rome, 
etc., and is the parent of many old systems of writing, as 
the Lombard and Merovingian. The minuscule style was 
developed in the eighth century, in the monastery of St. 
Martin at Tours, and reached its perfection In the twelfth 
century. In this style are written the splendid manu- 
scripts of the middle ages, produced for the most part 
in monasteries, and enriched with superbly illuminated 
initial letters and elaborately painted miniatures. Upon 
the introduction of printing, the minuscule writing sup- 
plied models to the earliest type-makers. Palimpxext 
manuscript* are manuscripts written in antiquity or in the 
early middle ages upon papyrus or vellum from which 
earlier writing had been erased. Modern science has been 
successful in deciphering the Imperfectly effaced charac- 
ters of many such manuscripts, and has recovered In this 
way some of our most valuable remnants of classic litera- 
ture. The three most Important Biblical manuscripts ex- 
tant are the Alexandrian Codex, the Vatican Codex, and 
the Sinaitic Coder. (See codex.) These are of course all 
uncials. See capital^, cursive, majuscule, minuscule, uncial. 
often abbreviated MS., plural *SS. 
manuscript (man'u-skript), c. t. [< manuscript, 
.] To write by Hand. [Rare.] 
manuscriptal (man'u-skrip-tal), a. [< maini- 
srript + -al.] Pertaining to or of the nature of 
manuscript; found or occurring in manuscript 
or manuscripts. [Rare.] 
The more absurd the manutcriptal letter, 
They paint, from thence, some fancy'd beauty better. 
Byron, Epistle to a Friend. 
A iiiiniiifffliitiil painting of the 9th century In the Cotton 
Library. Encye. Brit., XII. ,TO4. 
manustupration (man'u-stu-pra'shon), w. 
Masturbation. 
manutenencyt, manutenancyt (man-u-t en 'en- 
si, -an-si), n. [< OF. nniiniti n< i"-< . ML. HIHIIH- 
ti'iientia, < ni<inutfiirn(t-) s. ppr. of minimi >un , 
hold in hand, maintain: see maintain. Cf. innin- 
ti-iiance.'] 1. Maintenance. Abp. Sancroft. Ser- 
mons, p. 83. 2. A writ used in cases of main- 
tenance. 
many 
manutergium (inan-u-tiVji-um), .; pi. numu- 
t' mill (-ill. Silllle iiS l/lt/lll/ili . \. 
manway ' man'wa), . 1. A manhole. [Eng.] 
2. In <-"iil-iitining: (a) A small passageway 
used by the miners, but not for transportation 
of the coal, (b) The passage used as an airway 
or chute. 
man-worship (man'wer'ship), w. The worship 
of man; undue reverence or extreme adulation 
paid to a man. 
manwortht, " The price of a man's life or 
head, which was paid to the lord for the killing 
of his villein. Bailey, 1731. 
manworthy (man'wer'THi), a. Worthy of a 
man; becoming a man. [Rare.] 
Where Is It in advance to a better and more mantcnrth/t 
order of things 1 Coleridge. 
Manx, Manks (mangks), a. and n. [A contr. of 
earlier Maniak, < Man, the Isle of Man (W. Ma- 
naic, L. Mono (Csesar, Pliny), Monapia (Pliny), 
Gr. Mavdotia (Ptolemy), cf. W. Uoit, L. Mmm. 
Anglesey), + -ink, mod. E. -i*l. Cf. Welih, 
Scotch, Erse, similarly contracted. Cf. Man- 
niVin.] I. a. Of or belonging to the Isle of Man, 
situated in the Irish Sea, between England and 
Ireland, or to its language. 
Yf any suche MaiiMr or Iryshe Roge Vacabounde or 
Beggar Den alredy or shall at any tyme hereafter be set 
on Land in any parte of England or of Wales, the same 
shalbe conveyghed to the next port in or neer whlche they 
were landed, and from thence oe transported. 
Laws of Eliz. (1572), quoted in Rlbton-Tnrner's 
[Vagrants and Vagrancy, p. 109. 
Manx cat. See call. MartT puffin, the shearwater, 
I'uffinm anglorum. 
II. w. 1. The native language of the inhabi- 
tants of the Isle of Man, wnich belongs to the 
Gadhelic branch of the Celtic tongues, and is 
thus closely allied to the Irish and the Gaelic. 
2. pi. Natives or inhabitants of the Isle of 
Man; Manxmen. 3. [/. c.] The shearwater, 
I'uffinus anglorum. 
Manxman (mangks 'man), n. ; pi. Manxmen 
(-men). A man of the Isle of Man. See Manx, 
n., 2. 
Manxwoman (mangks'wum'an), n.: pi. Manjr- 
women (-wim"en). A woman of the Isle of Man. 
See Manx, n., 2. 
many 1 (men'i), a.; compar. more, superl. most 
(formerly regularly maie.it). [< ME. many, 
mony, muni, moni, mani, etc. , < AS. manig, motiiq, 
mtrnig = OS. manag, maneg = OFries. monicn, 
manich, monech, manch = MD. meneg, D. mcnig 
= MLG. niaimich, mennich = OHG. manaij, 
manac, MHG. mantc, G. mannig (in comp. ), 
usually contr. manch = Icel. margr (for *mangr) 
= Sw. mAnija = Dan. mange = Goth, manags, 
many. Root unknown ; according to one view, 
lit. as if "maniiy, i. e. 'containing men' (involv- 
ing the notion of a crowd of persons). < AS. man, 
etc., man, + -it/, an adj. suffix, E. -jl. But this 
ignores the similar and prob. cognate forms Ir. 
ininir = Gael, minig = W. mi/nych, frequent, and 
OBulg. iiiiiiiiiijii. rniiogu = Sloven, mnoy = Sen 1 . 
WHor//iH = Bohem.!io/iy,etc., = Russ. mnngic, 
pi., many; and there is no instance in which an 
AS. or Goth. adj. formed from a noun by adding 
the suffix -it/ or -at/n has developed anothernoun 
by the formative orig. contained in the noun 
many (AS. menigu): see many 1 , n. Whatever 
the root, it is clear that the word has no con- 
nection with L. magnvs, great: see main^.] 1. 
Being or consisting of a large number of units 
or individuals; numerous: often used alone, 
the noun being understood. See manyl, n. 
To Wlnchestre and to Wych ich wente to the felre. 
With mony raaner marchaundfse as my mayster hOite. 
Fieri Plowman (A), v. 120. 
Many are the afflictions of the righteous. Ps. xxxlv. 19. 
For many shall come in my name, . . . and shall de- 
ceive many. Mat. xxlv. 5. 
He is not the best Wright that hewes ttiemanieit speals. 
Hay, Proverbs (2d ed., 1678), p. 369. 
Evadne. Is there none else here? 
MeUmtuu. Xone but a fearful conscience ; that's too manu. 
Beau, and Ft., Maid's Tragedy, IT. 1. 
2. Being one of a large number; belonging to 
an aggregate or category, considered singly as 
one of a kind : followed by a, an, or another, 
used distributively. The phrase many a one, 
so used, was formerly many one without the 
article. 
I've met wi' mony a gentle knicht, 
That gae me sic a nil. 
King Henry (Child's Ballads, I. 151). 
Full many a gem of purest ray serene 
The dark nnf athomed cares of ocean bear. 
Gray, Elegy. 
.So she, like many another babbler, hurt 
Whom she would soothe. Tennyson, Ouinevere, 
