Marsdenia 
and by 11 mihrotatc, campanula!,-, or mi shaped corolla, 
with tile lobes convolute, to the rJKht, "i i ,u. l\ Mib\ ah ; 
They are twining shrubs, rarch ^um-i.rt, \\nli oppo-ite 
iMr?Mt tiMl natlfor nMdtain --i/ed porpUra-gnM or whit- 
ish (lowers, growing ill terminal nr a.xillary nnihrelht 
shapeil e\ III-'-. Tllep BTO ftbOal .pecies, naljvesof tile 
wanner regions of tin- globe. M. tenafisttinm of India 
yields the valuable jetee-tlher. (S. -e j. >*<-. } M.t" 
also K:i-t Indian, product-* :i him- dye, whonco it Is called 
tndiffo-ptani. Tht: milky juice of M. c recta, of south. 
Knrope, raises blisters on the skin, and taken Internally 
la a violent poison. M. suaneolens of Australia is nain. -d 
frwjfanl l,:r<'i--it<iitt. and M. ririttijlnra IB the native po- 
tato of New South Wales. See cutuluranyo. 
Marsdenieae (miirs-de-ni'e-e), . />l. [NL. (Ben- 
thnm and Hooker, 18*6), < Mm-xtlriiiit + -ere.] A 
tribe of plants of t In? natural ordrr .l.-li'/>i<i<l, n . 
Tin anthers are usually terminated by a hyaline or rarely 
opaque ineiii'irane. which is indexed over the disk of the 
stigma or is suburuct ; the polllnla are erect anil solitary 
in the cells, ami an: parallel with the margin of the stigma. 
The trihe emlira.v - ':' geaiera and over 300 species, found 
throughout the worl.l. 
Marseillais, Marseillaise (miir-se-lya', mar- 
se-lya// or ma'r-se-laz'), n. and . [F., masc. 
ami fom. (< L. Afa/milieiMis), < Marseille (> E. 
Mtirxrillrx), < L. Miutxilia, < Gr. yiaaaa.Ua, a town 
in Grallia Narbonensis settled by a Greek colony 
from Phociea, now Marseilles. Cf. Afassilitiii.] 
I. a. Belonging or pertaining to Marseilles, one 
of the chief seaports of France, situated on the 
Mediterranean. -Marseillaise Hymn, or The Mar- 
seillaise, the national song of the French republic, writ- 
ten in April, 1782, by Rotiget do Usle, an officer of engi- 
neers at Strasburg, and called by him War-Sony of the 
Artnjf of the Rhine.. The Parisians first heard it sung by 
a band of patriots from Marseilles, anil gave It the name 
by which it has since been known. Kotiget tie Lisle him- 
self asserted that he wrote both the words and the mu- 
sic In one night. His authorship of the former has never 
been disputed ; that of the latter has frequently been, but 
apparently on quite insufficient grounds. 
II. . 1. A native or an inhabitant of the 
city of Marseilles. 2. The Marseillaise Hymn. 
Seel. 
marseilles (mar-salz'), . [So called from Mar- 
seilles in France.] A cotton fabric similar to 
pique, stiff, and used for men's waistcoats and 
summer garments Marseilles quilt Seecounfer- 
panti. 
marsella (mar-sel'ii), . [Cf. marseilles (1).] A 
kind of twilled linen. E. H. Knight. 
Marsenia(mar-se'ni-a),M. [NL.(Leach, 1820).] 
A genus of gastropods, typical of the family 
Mitrseiiiitla: 
Marseniidae (mar-se-ui'i-de), n. pi. [NL., < 
Murxeiiiii + -irfos.] A family of twnioglossate 
pectinibranchiate gastropods, typified by the 
genus Marsfnia. They possess a characteristic protru- 
slble rostrum. They have a large thick mantle, a depressed 
truncate head with tentacles rising from its angles, eyes 
sessile at the outer base of the tentacles, and the teeth of 
the radtila In three or seven rows. The rachidian tooth 
has a recurved unicuspid or denticulate apex. The shell is 
small and mostly entirely Internal. The species Inhabit 
all seas, and nearly 40 of them are known. Most If not 
all lion- boles in asclilians and sponges to deposit their 
ova, and then cover the holes with special lids. Nearly 
all are direclous, but a few are tnon.ecions or hermaphro- 
dite. Als.> called Muntfiiiadte, Lamellariidas. 
marsenioid (miir-so'ni-oid), a. and . [< Mar- 
.iniin + -:>i<L] I. a. Of or pertaining to the 
Marseniidtv. 
II. H. A member of the Murxcuiiilu: 
marsh (marsh), . [Also dial, mash; < ME. 
mcrxli, nu'Wli, < AS. mersi; nurrxt; inerisc (== 
MD. mcrnche, maersche = MLG. mcrsch, marseh, 
miini-h, LG. marseh, >G. iiuirsrii = Dan. nuirsk), 
a marsh, wet ground, prob. orig. 'a place full 
of pools,' < mere, a lake, pool, 4- -i*r, E. -ixli l : 
see mere 1 antl -ink*. (Cf. men*/,-, in which the 
same suffix appears as a noun-formative.) See 
marixli, ;ui t-iiuiv. word of different history.] A 
tract of water-soaked or partially overflowed 
land; wet, miry, or swampy ground; a piece of 
low ground usually more or less wet by reason 
of overflow, or scattered pools, but often near- 
ly or wholly dry in certain seasons: a swamp; 
a fen. Low land subject to overflow by ilit' 
tidt>s is called suit-marsh or tide-marsh. 
And on the hyest of these hylles, and on the playn of 
these valeys, there were incmaylousc great tuarxhes and 
danngerous passages. 
. tr. of Froissart's t'hron., I. xvfii. 
A marsh here is what would in England be called a 
meadow, with this dilFemict-, that in our marshes, until 
partially drained, a growth of tea-trees (Leptospennuin) 
and rushes usually encumbers them. . . . Such is our 
marsh a tin" meadow nf ISO or 200 acres, and green in the 
driest season. 
Mrs. Cfutrl:'* Mfivlitli. My Home In Tasmania, p. 119. 
Marsh bent, sec fo-iif-'. =Byn. />'"". ijmi'iinire, Sloufih, 
'/', Mufjth. .l/"i-.r.,'.-, l-'fi,. \l:,:r. i:\ceptini "I....I-. Ilir-..- 
wortU agree in denoting wet ground. A h-i is character- 
ized by vegetation, decayed and decaying, and a treacher- 
ous softness. \ 'iici'ninr-' MI' -jifi'i i^ I he u DI -t kind nf bug 
or slnngh; it lias depths nf mud, and perhaps a shaking 
surfai- \ >'.,../, i a plaee ,if dee]! mild, and perhaps 
3639 
water, but generally no vegetation. .S7<m.'/A, >/nayinirt t 
and /< ive of sinking in the mire. 
.Vilm/< i- ratlu'i Inn, el in ineaiiiii'-'; t : i kinds 
grow lii ,11-rntii*, but there is t< much water to allow of 
agiienltnie.il paMlui.igc. In the I nited States, howi-vei, 
swamp is of ten used in the restiictetl sense of 'fresh-water 
marsh.' A iitarth Is frequently or periodically very wet, 
as the salt-uiajvAf-* that are soaked by high tides; It may 
or may not be able to produce marM-grass or small 
A moron U the worst kind of marsh, large anil too wet for 
valuable productiveness. A fen la a marsh abounding in 
coarse vegetation; a moor may or may not be wet, its dis- 
tinguishing mark being the absence of forests. Fen and 
moor are little used in the I nited States. 
marshal 1 (mur'sliiil), /. [Formt-rly also niiir- 
shall, mareschal, etc. ; < ME. nun-dial, i/mmchal, 
marsehalli; mareschalle, < OF. miirwliiil, nini-:- 
scal, F. nuirechal = Pr. manegcal = Sp. Pg. 
' 
nuiriscai = it. tMfitoauo, tMHUealeo, HUUUoauo, 
a marshal, a farrier, < ML. maresraleug, mar- 
sehalciis, iiiaris<'ii/ux, niarxcalux, < OHG. tuarah- 
scalh, MHG. marsehalc, a groom, a master of 
the horse, a marshal (also MHG. ntar.tcluil, G. 
marschull (after F. ), a marshal) (= MLG. mnr- 
schalk, a farrier, blacksmith, marshal, = MD. 
maerschalk, a farrier, a marshal, D. maarschtilk, 
a marshal; cf. Sw. marskalk = Dan. marskal, 
a marshal, < LG. or G.), lit. 'horse-servant,' < 
mil ruli (= AS. mrarh), a horse, + gralh (= Goth. 
skulks), a servant : see mare* and skulk.] 1. An 
officer chargetl with the duty of regulating pro- 
cessions and ceremonies, deciding on points of 
precedence, and maintaining order: applied 
generally to such officers throughout the middle 
ages and in more recent times, usually with 
some explanatory term : as, marshal of the pal- 
ace; marshal of the lists. The functions of the king's 
groom or farrier in various European countries were ex- 
tended till the royal marshal became one of the highest 
military antl civil officers; and the title of marshal was 
applied, with qualifications, to a large number of officers 
having similar duties. In England the king's marshal 
(along with the royal constable till the time of Henry 
VIII., and afterward alone) had charge <-( the ordeiiug 
of arms, and of all matters of chivalry and knighthood, 
etc. ; and he is still represented by the hereditary earl 
marshal (which see, under earl) 
A semely man oure hostc was withalle, 
For to han been a marshal in an halle. 
Chaucer, Gen. Prol. to C. T. ( 1. 752. 
The office of a connynge vsehere or marshalle with-owt 
fable 
Must know all.- estates of the church goodly A greable, 
And the excellent estates of a kynge with his blode hon- 
orable. Dabees Book (E. E. T. S.), p. 16. 
Reason becomes the marshal to my will. 
Shak., M. N. D., II. 2. 120. 
I nask'd the royal grant ; no marshal by, 
As knightly rites require ; nor judge to try ? 
Dryden, Pal. and Arc., it 259. 
2. A military officer of high rank, usually the 
highest under the chief of the state or the min- 
ister of war. In many countries the title is commonly 
modified by some other term: thus, in England, it has the 
form field-marshal; in Germany, feldmarschall ; in France, 
marfchal de France. 
3. In the United States, a civil officer appointed 
by the President, by and with the advice and 
consent of the Senate, in each judicial district, 
as the executive or administrative officer (cor- 
responding to the sheriff of a county) for the 
United States Supreme Court, ami for the circuit 
and district courts within his district. There are 
also marshals for the consular courts In < hina. Japan, 
siam. and Turkey. I nited States marshals were formerly 
charged with the duty of taking the national census in 
their districts ; the officers who take the State census in 
certain States are called marshals or census marshals. 
4. An officer of any private society appointed 
to regulate its ceremonies and execute its or- 
ders. 5. In some universities, as in Cam- 
bridge, England, an officer attendant upon the 
chancellor or his deputy. Karl marshal. Seecnrf. 
-Marshal Of France (mfrttW de France), the highest 
French military dignitary, the rank being confei red In rec- 
ognition of services of special brilliancy in the field, as the 
winning of a pitched battle, or the taking of two fortified 
places. As the law has stood since 1339, the nuniberof hold- 
ers of the marshalship must not be raised beyond six in time 
of peace, but may be increased to twelve in time of war. The 
office has existed since the early middle ages. Originally 
subordinate to the constables of France, since the reign 
of Francis I. the title of marxhal of Fraiif? has bad the 
importance which it still retains. Marshal Of the field*, 
one who presided over any outdoor game. llfillitceU. 
Marshal ofthe hallt, the person who, at public festivals, 
placed ttnrpmit according to his rank. It was his duty 
also to preserve peace and order. Ifalliit'i'll. Marshal Of 
the King's (or Queen's} Bench, formerly, an officer who 
had tile custody of the prison called the King's! or t^ueen's) 
Bench.inSonthwark. The act fiando Viet. ,c. xxil..aholMicd 
this office, and substituted an officer who is called keeper 
ofthei,' Marshal of the ldng'B(or queen's) 
household, same as kniijM marshal (which see, under 
latiiihn. Marshal's Staff, u baton, variously propor- 
tioned, forming the lia-lge of otliceof a marshal ; especially, 
the long baton of the earl marshal of Kngland. Two of 
them a iij tea r in the arms of the I inkc .>[' Norfolk, u ho holds 
th office of carl marshal a- a hereditary right. They are 
.Tossed in saltier belli nil the shield, tile i-n.lsiinly showing, 
and me i epn -enletl as plain round staves, or'eappcd at 
marshalship 
each end by heads of slightly conical form, sable. Pro- 
vost marshal. See pntrogt. 
marshal' tinar'shni), c. I.; pn-t. and pp. niiir- 
xhali-il nr niiii-sliiilldl, \>\>\\ iiiiii'*liiiliini nr iinir- 
xlnilliiiii. (< Hitirxliiin, n. ] 1 . To dispose or set 
in order; arrange methodically; array. 
Nay, I know yon can better marthal these attain than I 
can. //. Junton, Cynthia's KereU, L 1. 
Then tnarthaU'd feast 
Served up In hall with sewers and seneschals. 
Mill:,!,. V. L, IX.87. 
Specifically (a) To draw up In battle array; review, u 
False wizard, avaunt ! I have marshall'd my elan ; 
Their swords are a thousand, their bosoms are one! 
Campbell, Ixichiel's Warning. 
There was no want of old soldiers who were quite capa- 
ble of taanhaUiiuj the recruits. 
Lecky, Bug. In 18th Century, xvli. 
(6) To order, as a procession. 
2. To lead in a desired course; train; disci- 
pline. 
With feeble steps from marshalling his vines 
Returning sad. Fenton. In I'ope's Odyssey. 
3. To act as a marshal to; lead as harbinger 
or guide ; usher. 
Thou marshall'st me the way that I was going. 
Shak., Macbeth, 11. 1. 42. 
Our conquering swords shall marshal us the way. 
Marloire, Tamburlalne, I., ill. 8. 
They marshalled him to the castle-hall. 
Where the guests stood all aside. 
Scutt, Marmion, L IS. 
4. In her. , to dispose (as more than one distinct 
coat of arms upon a shield) so as to form a sin- 
gle composition ; group, as two or more distinct 
shields, so as to form a single composition ; also, 
Marshaling. Escutcheon of Elizabeth, Queen of Henry VII. 
to associate (such accessories as the helm, man- 
tling, crest, etc., and knightly and other insig- 
nia) with a shield of arms, thus again forming 
a single heraldic composition. 5. To arrange 
(the cars of a freight-train) in proper station 
order. Car-Builders Diet. [Eng.]_ To marshal 
assets or securities, to arrange the order of liability of 
or charge upon several parcels of property or several funds 
to which a claimant has a right to resort for payment of 
his demand. For example : A and I) have a claim upon 
two funds, c has a claim upon one of them only. A and B 
can be compelled to satisfy themselves out of the fund to 
which C has not access, before resorting to the other, which 
constitutes the only source of payment for him. 
marshal'-'t, a. A common old spelling of mar- 
tial as confused with marshal*-. 
marshalcy (mar'shal-si), n. [Formerly also 
marshalcie, marshnlsie, < ME. marshalcie, < OF. 
maresehalcie. marshalship,< mareschal, marshal : 
see marshal* antl -cy.~\ The office, rank, or posi- 
tion of a marshal. 
Thin office forego of the martchaleie. 
Rob. of Hrunne, p. 292. 
marshaler, marshaller (mar'shal-er), n. One 
who marshals or disposes in due order. 
Dryden was the great refiner of English poetry, and the 
best marshatter of words. 
Trapp, Pref. to Trans, of .Kneid. (Latham.) 
niarshalman (miir'shal-man), H.; pi. mamhal- 
men (-men). A marshal. " [Rare.] 
Xarshalman. .Stand back, keep a clear laiie. 
Tennytvn, Queen Mary, I. 1. 
marshalsea (miir'shal-se), n. [< marshal + 
11 r, { ormerly sea : see see 3 .) In England (a) 
The seat or court of the marshal of the royal 
household, (ft) [f^).] A prison in Southwnrk. 
London, under the jurisdiction of the marshal 
of the royal household. It was abolished in 1842, and 
the prisoners, together with those from the Heel prison, 
were placed in the Queen's ISench prison (known as the 
t^neen's prison until its discontinuance j ;l is<ji. Court 
of Marshalsea, a court formerly held before the steward 
and marshal of the royal household of England, to admin- 
ister justice between the domestic servants of the king or 
queen. In the Marshalsea there were two courts of record 
(O the'original court of the Marshalsea, which held plea of 
all 1 1 espasses c. .mm Itted within the verge that is. ithin 
a circle of 12 miles round the soyereign's residence: and (~2) 
the palace-court, created by Charles I., and abolished in 
1849. 
marshalship (miir'shal-ship), . [< marshal + 
-x/i//i.] The otlii-e or dignity of a marshal; the 
