[NL. 
. ) 
Marsileacese 
Marsileacese (miir-sii . a'-e-e), . j>l. 
(A. I J . ill' CandiiUc. 1890), < MartUta 4- 
An order of leptosporangiate heterosporous 
fom-like plants, in which Hie fructification 
consists of spoi'ocai'pK either borne mi peduii- 
I'li'S which rise from tin' mot:- lock ne:ir the leaf- 
stiilk or consolidated with it, and contains both 
macrosporoH and microspores. 
Marsilieae (nmr-si-li'c-c), ./>/. C NL - (Baker, 
INK"), < Min-fiili-a + -iete.] With some systema- 
tic! s, a suborder of plants of the order Jtln - 
carpr(e,orheterospoT(tusFilicinea; virtually the 
same as the order .M/n-xili near. 
Marsilly carriage. A naval gun-carriage, in 
use with smooth-bore guns, having no front 
trucks, the front transom resting directly on 
the deck of the ship. 
marsipobranch (mar'si-po-brangk), a. and . 
[See Marxipolii-HiirliH.] 1. <i. Having pursed 
gills; pertaining to the Marsipobranchii, or 
having their characters. 
II. . A vertebrate of the class Marsipo- 
branchii; a myzont or myxine fish. 
Marsipobranchiata (miir'si-po-brang-ki-a'tft), 
a. /it. [NL.] Same as Marsipobranchii. 
marsipobranchiate (mar"si-po-braug'ki-at), a. 
and a. [As VantfObron^m + -ate 1 .'] Same 
as uiarxiiMibraHcli. 
Marsipobranchii (miir'si-po-brang'ki-i), . ///. 
[NL., < Gr. ftapamof or/Mpavjrof, a pouch, bag (see 
marxupiiiHi), + fl/iayx 1 ", gills-] A group of ver- 
tebrates, vari- 
ously denomi- 
nated by natu- 
ralists. In all 
systems of classifi- 
cation it consists 
of those Vertebra- 
fa which have the 
skull imperfectly 
developed, the no- 
tochord not con- 
tinued beyond the 
pituitary body, the 
brain distinctly 
Skeleton of Head and }'ouch-like c.ilk of 
Lamprey (Petromyxo*), a marsipobranch. 
an, auditory capsule ; t>, cartilaginous 
branchial " basket, depending from verte- 
bral column, with seven complete descend- 
ing branchial arches united by transverse 
bands between which are the gill-openings, 
and covering the heart at the pitrt where the 
letter A is placed ; t, ethmovomerine carti- 
lage; A, rudiment of nvoid ; ft, neural arches differentiated, the 
ol vertebra:; / /, palatoquadrate (or ptery- I,....,.* WP n ,lnvf>l 
gopalatme) afcli. the hinder pier of which " 
represents a suspensorium, though there is no 
lower jaw. 
oped, with an auri- 
cle and a ventricle, 
the gills f orai ing 
fixed sacs within branchial apertures on each side, six or 
more in number, the lower jaw defective, and the mouth 
round like a sucker, whence the alternative name Cyclo- 
stomi. In the earlier systems the Marsipobrattchii were 
regarded as an order or a subclass of fishes ; they are now 
designated as a class of Vertebrate, and divided into two 
primary groups, llypernartia, and Ilyperotrcta, the former 
comprising the lampreys, the latter the hags. Both are 
known as ini/zonts. Marsipobranchii is a synonym of Cy- 
ctostomi and Cyclogtmnata, 2. See cut under lamprey. 
marsoon (milr-son'), n. [Corruption of F. mar- 
souin, OF. marsouin, < OHG. merixwin, MHG. 
merswiii, Q. mcerschwein = MLGr. mcrsirn= Sw. 
Dan. marsvin, lit. 'sea-hog': see mereswine.] 
The white whale, Delphi itapterus or Beluga leii- 
cas. See cut under Delphlnap- 
terus. [Local, Canada.] 
marsupia, . Plural of mar- 
XII /I ill III. 
marsupial (mar-su'pi-al), a. 
and . [< NL. marsupialis, < 
L. iiiiirxii/iiiini. a pouch: see 
marmipium.] I. a. 1. Having 
the character of a bag, pouch, 
or marsupium; marsupiate. 
2. Of or pertaining to a mar- 
supium: as, marsupial bones. 
3. Provided witti a marsu- 
pium; specifically, pertaining 
to the .}fnrxii/iiali<i, or havinj; their characters. 
Marsupial bones, epipubic bones, scleroskeletal os- 
sitleiitions develojtt'd in the tendon 
of the external oblique muscle of the 
abdomen of Implacental mammals, 
and articulated with the pubic bones : 
supposed by some to be related to the 
support of the pouch, and known to 
have an office in relation to the mus- 
cle which acts upon the mammary 
glands. Marsupial capsule. See 
capnde. Marsupial frog. See 
Aw*. 
II. n. A member of the order 
Marsiipialiii ; any implacen- 
tal didelphinn mammal. Also 
called iiHirxii/iinti'. - Herbivo- 
rous marsupials. See herbinirau. sh 
Marsupialia __ (mar-su-pi-a'- 
Pelvis of Echidna, 
front view, showing 
m, marsupial bones ; 
it, ilium; /, pnbis; 
s, sacrum. 
lVUi.Mlf.1 __ 
injf Af, in.ir-t:pi,ii 
It, 
3641 
the young; the marsupials or pouched animals. 
There being no developed placenta, thr period of gesta- 
tion is very brief, anil the young are born extremely small, 
imperfect, and i|Uite helpless. In this state they are im- 
IIH iliiitely transferred to the ixmch un the belly of the 
mother, where are the teats, to which the little creatures 
ailliere thinly for a while, completing their development 
)>y MII kinx milk. As they grow larger and stronger, they 
are able to let go and take hold of the teat again; and even 
after leaving the pouch they may for a while retreat to It, 
or be carried about elsewhere on the mother's body. (See 
cut under mannasr.) The uterus is double, and the va- 
gina also is more or less completely divided Into two 
separate passages (whence the name Didelphia)', the scro- 
tum of the male la abdominal in position, and pendu- 
lous, In front of the penis. The corpus callosum is ru- 
dimentary, but the cerebral hemispheres are connected 
by a well-developed anterior commissure. The angle 
of the mandible is normally Inflected, There is a wide 
range of adaptive modification In the structural details 
of the marsupials, the order In itself including represen- 
tatives or analogues of nearly all the other orders of mam- 
mals, as the carnivorous, the insectivorous, the herbivo- 
rous, etc. At the present time the marsupials are emi- 
nently characteristic of the Australian region, only the 
Didelphyuke or opossums being found in America; but 
In former epochs the distribution of the marsupials was 
general, and some of the oldest known mammalian fossils 
of Mesozoic age are supposed to belong to this order. It 
has been variously subdivided. Owen In 1839 divided it 
into five tribes, Sarniphaga, Entftmophaga, Carpophaga, 
Poephaya, and nhizpha<ia. A main division, based on the 
dentition, is into Diprotodontia and Pulyprtttodontia. In 
1872 Gill made the four suborders Khizophaga, Syndactifli, 
Dagyurumorpha, and Didelptiimnrpha, with nine families, 
Phatcolomyidtr, Stacropoduta', Tarriptdidfe, Phalangixti- 
d<K, PhtwcolarcHtloK, Peramelida>, Da*ifurid<e t Mynnecobi- 
idte, and Diflelphffidai, for the living forms, and four fossil 
families, DipratndmMda, Thylacoleiintidae, Playiaulaculir, 
and Dromatheriidee. Also called Margupiata. 
marsupialian (mar-su-pi-a'li-an), a. and n. [< 
marsupial -I- -tan.] Same as nmrsiqilal. 
marsupian (mar-su'pi-an), a. and . Same as 
marnupial. 
Marsupiata (mar-su-pi-a'til), n. pi. [NL., neat, 
pi. of martmpiatiis, pouched: see marsupiate.~] 
Same as Marsupialia. 
marsupiate (miir-su'pi-at), a. and n. [< NL. 
marsupiatus, pouched, < L. marsupium, a pouch : 
see marnupium.~\ Same as marsupial. 
marsupiated (mar-su'pi-a-ted), o. [< marsu- 
piate + -erf2.] Same as marsupial. 
marsupium (miir-su'pi-um), . ; pi. marsupia 
(-a). [L., also marsuppiiim, < Gr. /lapaimov. also 
written /iapairr-iov, /lapavTTtov, fiapainretav, dim. of 
fiapat-of, ftapaiiriros, /uipaiirof, a pouch, bag.] 1 . 
In Bom. antiq., a purse of the kind usually borne 
in the hand of Mercury, and indicating his char- 
acter as god of gain. 2. In me<t., a sack or 
bag in which any part of the body is fomented. 
3. In joo/., a purse- or pouch-like receptacle 
for the eggs or young, more external than any 
of the proper organs of gestation ; a brood- 
pouch of any kind, (a) In mammal., the duplica 
tion of the skin of the abdomen of Marsujiialia, forming a 
pouch in which the mammary glandsopen, and into which 
the Imperfectly developed young are transferred at birth, 
to be nourished until they are able to move about, (ft) 
In oniith. : (1) A temporary fold of the skin of the belly of 
a penguin, in which the egg may be contained for a time. 
(2) The pecten or bourse, a vascular erectile organ In the 
eye of a bird, formed of pectinated folds of the choroid 
coat lying in the vitreous humor, and extending a variable 
distance toward or to the crystalline lens: supposed by 
some to effect or assist in the accommodation of the eye. 
(<> In ii'litli. : (1) A receptacle in which the pipe-fishes and 
sea-horses carry their young : it is developed in the male. 
(2) The pouch-like arrangement of the gills of a marsipo- 
branchiate fish, as a hag or lamprey, (d) In Crustacea, a 
receptacle for the eggs, formed by the bases of some of 
the legs of certain crustaceans, as the opossum-shrimps 
or Mysidce. 
4. In mint., the alar ligaments (which see, 
under alar). 
mart 1 (mart), n. [Contr. of market, prob. due 
to the D. form markt : see market.] 1. A place 
of sale or traffic ; seat of trade ; market. 
If any born at Ephesus be seen 
At any Syracusian marts and fairs,/ 
... he dies. SAa*., C. of E., I. 1. 18. 
Certalne it Is, Rome thereby becomes a rich Mart, where 
the marchants of the Earth resort from all places of the 
Earth to buy beauen. Pvrchas, Pilgrimage, p. 127. 
2f. Trade; traffic; purchase and sale; market. 
Christ could not suffer that the temple should serve for 
a place of mart Hooker, Eccles. Polity, v. 12. 
It standeth vpon a mighty rlner, and is a kinde of porte 
towne, hauing a great marte exercised therein. 
Halcluyt'g Voyaget, I. 61. 
Xow I play a merchant's part. 
And venture madly on a desperate mart. 
SAo*.,T. of theS., li. 1.329. 
li-ii), ii. i>l. [NL., neut. pi. of i- hium; 'o, obnnnv mart 1 (mart), r. [< mart 1 , ., or contr. of 
iiiiirxnpiiilix: see murxiipidl.] tE!?V mummt^. mnrkrt, r.] I. iiitrann. To traffic ; deal. 
An order of the class Mam- \ iumtar vertel If he shall think It fit 
iiniliii, coextensive with the A saucy stranger in his court to mart, 
subclass IHiMpliiii. tontainin-: implacental As in a Romish stew. SAa*., Cymbellue, I. 6. 151. 
mammals usually provided with a marsupium II. trans. To make market for; trade in; 
or pouch for the reception and nourishment of buy and sell; deal in or with. 
marten 
Yon y JHI. i If 
Are much condemned to have an itching palm ; 
To sell and marl your nftlcei for u"<l'l 
To undeservers. Shak., J. ('., Iv. s. 11. 
Never was man so palpably abused : 
My ton so basely marled, and myself 
Am made the subject of your mirth and scorn. 
JJ. Jonton, Case is Altered, iv. f.. 
Mart*, (mart), H. [ME. Mart, < OF. Mart, < L. 
Marx (Mnrt-), Mars: see Mar.'} 1. Same a 
Mars,l. (.'Imiirrr; N/ienner. Hence 2. ['.(.] 
War; warfare; battle; contest. [Rare.] 
My father (on whose face he durst not look 
In equal marl), by his fraud circumvented, 
Became his captive. 
Hamnger, Bashful Lover, it, 7. (Latham. ) 
mart 3 (mart), n. [Abbr. of Martinmas.] 1. 
['"/>.] Martinmas. 
And their workes, let him reade Ilnxdorslus and his 
Rlbliotheca Rabblnlca, printed this last Mart. 
Pvrchat, Pilgrimage, p. 177. 
2. A cow or ox fattened to be killed (usually 
about Martinmas) and salted or smoked for 
winter provision. [North. Eng. and Scotch.] 
Each family killed a tiuirt, or fat bullock, in November, 
which was salted up for winter use. Scott, Monastery, i. 
mart 4 t (mart), H. [A corrupt form of marque, 
mart:*: see marque.] Same as marque. tet- 
ters Of mart, scripts Of mart. See letter o/maryttr, 
under marque. 
martagon (mar'ta-gon), n. [< F. Sp. marta- 
qon = It. martagone (NL. Martagon).] The 
Turk's-cap lily, Lilium Martauon. The bulbs 
are said to be eaten by the Cossacks. 
martel (mar'tel), *. [OF. and F. martel = Sp. 
martillo = Pg. It. martello, a hammer, < L. mar- 
tuhis, marcvlus, dim. of marcux, a hammer.] A 
hammer as a weapon for striking; a war-ham- 
mer. 
Formidable martflt were In vogue during the bronze 
period. Jour, of the Archceol. At'e. 
martelt (mar'tel), r. t. or i. [< F. marteler (= 
Pr. martellar = Sp. martillar = Pg. martellar = 
It. martellare), < martel, a hammer: see martel, 
n.] To hammer; strike. 
Her dreadfnll weapon she to him addrest, 
Which on his helmet martellcd so hard, 
That made him low incline his lofty crest. 
Speruer, F. Q., III. vii. 42. 
martel-de-fer (mar'tel-de-fer), n. A weapon 
used in Europe during the middle ages, espe- 
cially during the fif- 
teenth century, (a) 
A long-handled weapon 
used by foot-soldiers, 
especially In the defense 
of fortified walls and in 
action against mount- 
ed men-at-arms. The 
plomme' was a common 
form of it. (6) A short- 
handled weapon, used 
with only one hand by 
mounted men. It was 
common to furnish it 
with one blunt or den- 
tated face and with a 
sharp point or beak on 
the opposite side of the 
handle, but in some cases 
both sides were pointed. 
The short-handled ham- 
mers were frequently 
made Of metal through- 
mi* Alart ,.oll,..l hn*v* 
out. Also called hone- 
man I hammer. 
marteline (miir'te- iae 
lin), . [F., dim. of 
martel: see martel, .] A small hammer or 
mallet used by sculptors and marble-workers. 
It is pointed at one end and square or diamond- 
shaped at the other. E. ff. Knight. 
marteline-chisel (mar'te-lin-chiz'el), n. A 
form of sculptors' chisel with a serrated edge. 
martellato (mar-tel-la'to). [It., pp. of martel- 
/are,strike: see martel,v.] In music, struck with 
a sudden, emphatic blow : used of the tones of 
a melody or of successive chords that are in- 
tended to be markedly distinct and more or less 
staccato, especially in violin- and pianoforte- 
playing. 
martellement (F. pron. mar-tel'mon), nrfr. [F., 
< It. martellumente, < martellare, strike, hammer: 
see martel, r.] In music for the harp, with an 
acciaccatura or with a redoubled stroke. 
martello tower. See toirer. 
marten 1 (raiir'ten), n. [Formerly also martin; 
early mod. E. martern, martrone (prop, the fur 
of the marten, orig. adj.: see marterin). for 
earlier marter, martre, < F. martre, marte = Pr. 
mart = Sp. Pg. marta = It. martora, < ML. mor- 
IHX. Hiiirtiiri.*, Hiiirilariis. manliiliiK, m/inlaritis, 
L. martex (found but once, in a doubtful read- 
Marteis-de-fer. 
.' Horsernaa's hammer ofabout the 
time of Edward I\ . a. Martel-cte- 
fer , lm< . of H VIII M artei- 
de-fer, time of Edward VI. tManel- 
Ume 
