marten 
ing), of Teut. origin: OHG. niunlti; MHG. mar- 
der, mailer, G. murder = D. inurter (with forma- 
tive -r), = OHG. mart = AS. mearth = Icel. 
tnordlir = Sw. m&rd = Dan. maar, a marten; 
no Goth, form recorded.] 1. A digitigrade car- 
nivorous quadruped of the family Mustelidte, 
subfamily Mustelines, and genus Mustcla or Mar- 
tes, of which there are several species, all in- 
habiting the northern hemisphere. The name 
was originally given to the common pine-marten, Mnstela 
martes or Maries abietuin., of the northerly parts of Europe. 
This animal is about 18 inches long, with a full bushy tail 
12 inches long, and thus rather larger than a house-cat, 
but standing much lower, on account of the shortness of 
the legs. The fur, consisting of three kinds of hairs, is 
full and soft, and of an extremely variable shade of brown, 
usually paler on the head and under parts. A closely re- 
lated species is the stone- or beech-marten, Mustelafoina, 
of Great Britain and many other parts of Europe ; it is, on 
the average, smaller in size, with a whitish throat and infe- 
rior pelage. The American pine-marten, M. americana, 
is similar, but specifically distinct; it inhabits the north 
American Sable or Pine-marten (.Miistela americana). 
erly United States and the whole of British America, and 
is commonly called the American sable. The Siberian or 
true sable is M. zibellina, of blackish color and with an ex- 
tremely rich and valuable fur. The pekan, fisher, or Pen- 
nant's marten, Mustela pennanti, much larger than any of 
the foregoing and of a blackish color, is a very distinct 
species peculiar to northerly North America. See sable, 
and cut under fisher, 2. 
Those that, in Norway and in Finland, chase 
The soft-skind Martens, for their precious cace. 
Sylvester, tr. of Du Bartas's Weeks, i. 4. 
2. A carnivorous marsupial of the genus Phas- 
cogale, as the spotted marten of Australia. 
[Australia.] 
marten 2 !, An obsolete spelling of martin 2 . 
martert, n. An obsolete form of marten 1 . 
martern!, martrin!, n. [Early mod. E. also 
martron; < ME. marlrin, also marterou, mnrtern, 
martron, < OF. mar ferine, mnrtrine, the fur of the 
marten, fern, of marterin, martrin, of the mar- 
ten, < martre, the marten: see marten 1 .] 1. 
The fur of the marten. 
Ne martryn, ne sabil, y trowe, in god fay, 
Was none founden in hire garnement. 
Lydaate. (Halliwell. under martern.) 
2. A marten. 
The Lyserne, the Beauer, the Sable, the Martron, the 
black and dunne fox. Hakluyt's Voyages, I. 479. 
Martes (mar'tez), n. [NL., < L. martes, a mar- 
ten: see marten*.'] The specific name of the 
common pine-marten, used as a generic desig- 
nation of the martens : same as Mustela. Cu- 
vier, 1797. 
martext (mar'tekst), 11. [< mar*, v., + obj. 
text.] A perverter of texts; a blundering or 
ignorant preacher : used as a proper name by 
Shakspere. 
I have been with Sir Oliver Martext, the vicar of the 
next village. Shak., As you Like it, ill. 3. 43. 
marthy (mar'thi), n. The burbot. [Hudson's 
Bay.] 
martial (mar'shal), a. and n. [= F. martial = 
Sp. Pg. marcial "= It. marziale, < L. martialix, 
of or pertaining to Mars, or war, < Mars, the god 
of war: see Mars.] I. a. I. [cop.] Pertaining 
to or characteristic of the god Mars. 
This is his hand ; 
His foot Mercurial, his Martial thigh. 
Shak., Cymbeline, iv. 2. 310. 
2. Of or pertaining to war ; of warlike charac- 
ter; military; warlike; soldierly: as, a martial 
equipage or appearance; martial music ; & mar- 
tial nation. 
And shew'd to them such martiale sport 
With his long bow and arrow, 
That they of him did give report. 
True Tale of Robin Hood (Child's Ballads, V. 360). 
How farest thou, mirror of all martial men? 
Slmk., 1 Hen. VI., i. 4. 74. 
With glittering firelocks on the village green 
In proud array a martial band is seen. 
0. W. Holmes, A Family Record. 
3. Having reference to a state of war, or to a 
military organization; connected with the army 
and navy: opposed to aril : as. martial law; a 
court martial. 
3642 
They proceeded in a kind of martial justice. 
Bacnii, Holy War. 
The Laws themselves, civil as well as martial, were pub- 
lished and executed in Latin. Ilowell, Letters, ii. 68. 
Now martial law commands us to forbear. 
Pope, Iliad, vii. 35i. 
4. [cap.] Pertainingto orresemblingtheplanet 
Mars. 
The natures of the fixed stars are . . . esteemed martial 
or jovial according to the colors whereby they answer 
these planets. Sir T. Browne, Vulg. Err., vi. 14. 
We can actually see his [Mars'sJ polar snows accumulate 
during the Martial winter and melt away at the approach 
of the Martial summer. J. Fiske, Cosmic Philos., I. 382. 
5f. In old ctem,, having the properties of iron. 
Why should the Chalybes or Bilboa boast* 
Their harden'd iron, when our mines produce 
As perfect martial ore? J. Philips, Cider, 1. 
^thiops martial*. See rethiops. Martial law, law 
imposed by the military power ; that military rule or au- 
thority which exists in time of war, and is conferred by the 
laws of war, in relation to persons and things under and 
within the scope of active military operations, and which ex- 
tinguishes or suspends, for the time being, civil rights and 
the remedies founded upon them, so far as this may he 
necessary in order to the full accomplishment of the pur- 
pose of the war. The person who exercises martial law is, 
however, liable in an action for any abuse of the authority 
thus conferred. It is the application of military govern- 
ment thegovernment of force to persons and property 
within its scope, according to the laws and usages of war, 
to the exclusion of municipal government in all respects 
where the latter would impair the efficiency of military law 
ormilitaryaction. Benet. See military law, nnAermilitary. 
Martial music, music for military purposes, or of a 
similar kind ; music characterized by spirit, impetuosity, 
heavy duple rhythm, sonority, and brilliance. Martial 
salts*, an old name of salts of iron. =Syn. 2 and 3. Mar- 
tial, Warlike, Military. The opposite of martial is civil, of 
icarlike is peaceful, of military is civil or natxtl. Warlike 
applies most to the spirit or ingrained habits, as the war- 
like tribes of the north, but it also applies to that which is 
like war or naturally goes with war : as, warlike prepara- 
tions; warlike rumors. Martial applies to that which is 
connected with war in a general way, or with war as active, 
and especially as appealing to the eye or the ear : as, mar- 
tial music, din, pomp, appearance, array. Military applies 
more closely to things connected with the actual putting 
of soldiers into service : thus, a court martial is composed 
of military officers, and may therefore be called a military 
court ; it applies martial law ; its members appear in full 
'military dress. 
Il.t H. A soldier, or military man. 
The Queen of martial* 
And Mars himself conducted them. 
Chapman, Iliad, xviii. 469. 
Others strive 
Like sturdy Martials far away to drive 
The drowsy Droanes that harbour in the hive. 
Fuller, David's Sinne, st. 36. (Dairies.) 
martialism (miir'shal-izm), n. [< martial + 
-ism.] The character of being martial; war- 
like spirit or propensity; military character. 
Such a young Alexander for affecting martialism and 
chivalrie ; such a young Josiah for religion and piety. 
Creation of the Prince of Wales, D. 2, 1610. (Latham.) 
He [Skobeleff ] had got about him a rugged, motley crowd 
of stanch fighting men, of whose marttalism he had had 
experience in his Asiatic warfare. 
Arch. Forbes, Souvenirs of some Continents, p. 29. 
niartialist (mar'shal-ist), n. [= It. martialista 
(Florio) ; as martial + -ist.] A warrior or sol- 
dier; a military man. 
The exquisite portraiture of a perfect martialist, con- 
sisting in three principall pointes : wisedome to governe, 
fortitude to perfourme, liberalitie to incourage. 
Greene, Euphues to Philantus (1587). 
One Cosroes, of the enemies' part, held up his finger 
to me, which is as much with us martialists as "I will 
fight with you." Beau, and Ft., King arid Xo King, ii. 1. 
martialize (mar'shal-Iz), r. t. ; pret. and pp. 
martialieed, ppr. martial/zing. [< martial + 
-ize.] To render martial or warlike. Imp. 
Diet. 
martially (mar'shal-i), adv. In a martial man- 
ner. 
martial-mant, . A martialist ; a soldier. 
Martial-men were never more plentiful than in this 
King's (Edward III.'sJ Reign. Baker, Chronicles, p. 133. 
martialness (mar'shal-nes), n. The quality of 
being martial or warlike. 
Martian (mar'shan), a. [< ME. Martian, < L. 
Murtiaiiiis (as a personal name), < Martius, of 
Mars, < Mars (Mart-) , Mars : see Mars. ] 1 . Of or 
pertaining to the god Mars or to war; warlike. 
The judges, which thereto selected were. 
Into the Martian field adowne descended 
To deeme this doutfull case, for which they all contended. 
Spenser, F. Q., IV. v. 6. 
2. Of or pertaining to the planet Mars ; Mar- 
tial. 
The rate of retardation of the Martian rotation by solar 
tidal friction. Smithsonian Report, 1881, p. 203. 
Perhaps even indications derived as to the nature of the 
mysterious Martian canals. Edinburgh Rev., CXLV. 26. 
martin 1 !, An obsolete spelling of mat-ten*. 
martinetism 
martin- (mar'tin), . [< Martin, < F. Martin, 
a man's name (chiefly with ref. to St. Martin), 
used in various applications, esp., in F., in sev- 
eral names of birds, as martin-pe'ehevr (= Sp. 
martin pesc.ad.nr}, a kingfisher, oiseau Ac St. Mar- 
tin, the ringtail ; < ML. Martinus, a man's name, 
< L. Mars (Mart-), Mars: see -Mar*.] 1. Any 
swallow of the family Hirundinidw ; a marti- 
net ; a martlet. The name has no specific meaning, and 
is commonly used with a qualifying term. The house- 
martin (or house-swallow), llirundo or Chelidan urbica of 
Europe, is one of the best-known, so named because it 
nests under the eaves of houses. (See Chelidon.) The 
sand-martin, Cotile or Climcola riparia, common to Europe, 
House-martin (Chelidon urbica}. 
Asia, and America, is oftener known as the bank-swallow. 
(See Cotile, and cut under bank-wallow.) Purple martins 
are the several American species of the genus Progne 
one of which, P. subis or purpurea. is an abundant and 
familiar bird of the United States ; it is one of the largest 
of the swallow family, and the adult male is entirely of a 
glossy blue-black color. (See cut under Progne.) A few 
birds not of this family are sometimes called martins, as 
the king-bird or tyrant flycatcher of Xorth America, Ty- 
rannus carolinengte, popularly known as the bee-martin. 
(See cut under kino-bird.) Kingfishers are sometimes 
called by their French name, martin-pi 'cheur. Also called 
martinet. 
2f. An ape. Encyc. Diet. 
Who knoweth not that apes men martini call ? 
A Whip for an Ape, or Martin Displaced (1589). 
3. See the quotation. [Slang.] 
And in this practice [disguising themselves] all their 
villany consists : for I have heard and partly know a high- 
way lawyer rob a man in the morning, and hath dined with 
the martin or honest man so robbed the same day at an 
Inne being not descried, nor yet once mistrusted or sus- 
pected for the robbery. Rowlands, Hist. Rogues. 
4. A tool for grinding or polishing stone, it con- 
sists of a brass plate faced with a flat stone. An opening 
is pierced through the plate and stone to permit sand to 
pass through and come between the martin and the stone 
which is being ground. Black martin, Cypselusapus, the 
common black swift of Europe. See cut under swift. 
martinet 1 (mar'ti-net), n. [< F. martinet (= 
Sp. Pg. martinete; ML. martineta), a martin, 
swift, dim. of martin, used in names of birds: 
seemartin 2 . Hence martlet 1 .] Inonu'M.,same 
as martin 2 , 1. 
Those birds which have but short feet, as the swift and 
martinet. Ray, Works of Creation, i. 
martinet 2 ! (mar'ti-net), n. [< F. martinet, a 
eat-o'-nine-tails, tilt-hammer, etc. , variously ap- 
plied, but not found as in def . ; perhaps a par- 
ticular use of the personal name Martinet (cf. 
martinet 1 ), but cf. OF. martelet, dim. of martel. 
a hammer: see martel.] _Vot, the name for- 
merly given to a small line fastened to the leech 
of a sail to bring it close to the yard when the 
sail is furled. Also martnet. 
martinet 3 ! (mar'ti-net), n. [< ME. martinett, < 
OF. martinet (ML. tnartinetus), " a water-mill 
for an iron forge" (Cotgrave), or a forge-ham- 
mer driven by water-power ; cf. martinet 1 , mar- 
<jei 2 ,etc.] 1. Some kind of water-mill. Catii. 
Anglwum, p. 229. 2. A military engine of the 
middle ages. 
Him passing on, 
From some huge martinet, a ponderous stone 
Crushed. Southey, Joan of Arc, viii. (Davies.) 
martinet 4 (mar-ti-nef), n. [Said to be so call- 
ed from General Martinet, who regulated the 
French infantry in the reign of Louis XIV. No 
F. use of the word in the sense of a disciplina- 
rian appears.] Arigid disciplinarian, especially 
in the army or navy ; a stickler for routine or 
regularity in small details. 
He is shown to us pedantic and something of a martinet 
in church discipline and ceremony. 
Lowell, Among my Books, 1st ser., p. 143. 
martinetism (mar-ti-net'izm). ii. [(.martinet* 
+ -ism.] The methods of a martinet; a rigid 
enforcement of discipline; strict mechanical 
routine. 
These young men have not been trained in the martinet- 
ism of the Military and Naval academies. 
The American, XI. 36. 
