mastic 
^__ v , chew: cf. /maraf, the mouth (see mas- 
'ta.r, miiKlni-lic), < /uiniialkii, chew. Hence ult. mas- 
iirnlr.] I. n. I. A resinous substance obtained 
from the common mastic-live, 1'ixlarin Lcntis- 
rn.t, u small tree about 12 feet high, native in 
the countries iiround the Mediterranean. The 
...mmerclal article is derived principally from the Levant, 
i.iJ especially from the island of Chios. The greater part 
Is obtained from artificial incisions in the bark of the tree. 
It comes in yellow, brittle, transparent, rounded tears, 
which soften between the teeth with bitterish taste and 
aromatic smell. About 90 per cent, of mastic Is dissolved 
in alcohol the residue constituting the substance mastlcin. 
Its solution in turpentine constitutes a varnish much used 
in painting in oil. In the East mastic is chewed by the 
women. 
2. A similar resin yielded by some other plant. 
Algerian or Barbary mastic is afforded by Pistacia Tere- 
KntAtu (P. AUantical a tree of the same region as P. Len- 
tismx. lu India a mastic is obtained from P. Khinjuhf 
and P. Calmlica. At the Cape of Oood Hope a shrubby 
composite plant, Euryops gpeciosissimus, called resin-bush. 
3653 
food by a process analogous to chewing, as the muscular 
gizzard of a bird, with its dense, tough, and sometimes 
bony epithelial lining, or the highly chltlnized stomach of 
a crustacean, with its elaborate set of tooth-like processes. 
II. .; pi. maxlinitiirifs (-riz). Asubstance 
chewed to excite the secretion of saliva. 
The root |of the cocoanut-palm | is used as a masticatory- 
Beuey, Botany, p. 4S4. 
mastic-cement (mas'tik-se-menf), n. Same as 
ntdxtic, 5. 
mastic-cloth (mas'tik-kldth), n. A kind of can- 
vas made for needlework. 
mastich, mastiche, See mastic. 
mastic-herb (mas'tik-erb), n. A low shrubby 
plant, TYi i/miis roas<c7ina, having a strong agree- 
able smell, like mastic. It grows in Spain. 
masticic (mas-tis'ik), a. [< mastic + -ic.] Of 
or pertaining to mastic. 
masticin (mas'ti-sin), n. [= F. masticine = It. 
iitit.tticino ; as mastic + -t 2 .] A substance 
mastodon 
change, alternation: see amceba.] A remark- 
able genus of flagellate infunorians, combining 
the pseudopods of an ainosba with a long ter- 
minal flagellum. The genus Illustrates a group of 
Infusorlans which have been called RhiznflageUabt. A 
species Is named M. axpena. 
Mastigamoebidae (mas*ti-ga-me'bi-de), n. pi. 
[NL., < MiixtitiitiiKihii + -iil<i:] A family of 
rlii/.ollagellate iufusorians, typified by the ge- 
nus Maxtigamceba. 
mastigium (mas-tij'i-um), n. ; pi. masligia (-&). 
[XL.. < Gr. udorif (naarty-), a whip.] Inentotu., 
one of the prominent organs on the posterior 
extremity of a very few lepidopterous larvae, 
from which threadlike processes can be thrust, 
as in the European Harpyia rinula. The cater- 
pillars lash their sides with these threads to re- 
pel the attacks of ichneumon parasites. 
Mastigophora (raas-ti-gof'o-ra), n. pi. [NL., 
gummifem, a lofty tree from all parts of which a resinous 
gum exudes. 
3. A mastic-tree. 
A lino of sandy hills, covered with thickets of myrtle 
and mastic, shut or " 
solving mastic in alcohol. It amounts to about , a 
cHiojiayettata. 
ch^cfer""^ 
nastickt, . and a. I. . An obsolete spelling ^"^If^^ora 
any member 
[< max- 
orous, 1. 
. an attrib. use of mastic with 
great expedition is required. Asphaltic mastic. UCM.. un- r<>:n-iminii-ML:iM-, .". ,/":""<."-," .'-".! 
Asasphati, 2. Bituminous mastic. See bituminous ce- c les with smooth scales, found in the southern United or pertaining to the Mastigopoda. 
ment, under bituminous. States; and others are described. JJ _ ^ member of the Mastigopoda. 
II. a. Adhesive, as or with gum or mastic, masticot 1 , w. An erroneous form of massicot. M as t'j g0 poda (mas-ti-gop'o-da), n. pi. [NL. 
Gellia wore a velvet masticic patch. masticot 2 t, Mastic. 
Bp. Hall, Satires, vi. 1. mastic-tree (mas'tik-tre), . [< ME. masttc- 
masticable (mas'ti-ka-bl), . [< mastic(ate) + tree.-] 1. A tree which yields mastic, espe- 
L - ' cially Pistacia Lentisciis. See mastic, 1 and 2. 
The benes hardde of mastic tree wol serve Ysowe. 
Falladius, Husbondrie (E. E. T. 8.), p. 98. 
-able."] Capable of being chewed ; susceptible 
of mastication. 
masticate (mas'ti-kat), v. t.; pret. and pp. i- 
ticatfd, ppr. masticating. [< LL. masticates, pp. 
of masticare, chew (> It. mastieare = Sp. masti- 
car, obs. mastigar = Pg. mastigar = OF. mascher, 
F. mdcher, chew), orig. chew mastic (not from 
the ancient and rare Gr. /jaartxav, gnash the 
___ w ^ ^ ^ _ _ *j., 
neut."pirof masligopus: see mastigopod.'] All 
those Protozoa which possess cilia or flagella; 
the two infusorial classes Cilia ta&nd Flagella ta. 
Huxley. 
mastigopodous (mas-ti-gop'o-dus), a. [As 
mastigopod + -outs.] Same as mastigopod. 
2. A valuable tree of Florida and the West m astignre (mas'ti-gur), n. [<NL. ."" 
subacld flavor, eagerly eaten by animals. 
See tnast- 
.. . _ , ,,--. /loans (/taaTiy-), a whip, + aiipd, a tail.] 
teeth, which is, however, remotely related), < masticurous (mas-ti-ku'rus), a. [Also masti- a8 I'romastix. Fleming, 
mastiche, mastice, mastic: see mastic, n.] 1. couroiis, prop.'mastigurous; <Gr.^ao-nf, awhip, mastilyont, Same as masliifi. 
To grind with the teeth, and prepare for swal- scourge, + ovpa, the tail.] Having a whip-like masting-house (mast'ing-hous), n. 
lowing and digestion ; chew : as, to masticate tail, as the ray. house. 
mastiff (mas'tif), n. [The associated forms (in mas tist, n. A Middle English form of musty*. 
E. and F. ) are of 3 types : (a) mastiff, formerly mas titis (mas-ti'tis), n. [NL., < Gr. poortc, 
also mastive, < ME. mastyf, mestif, a mastiff, < the breast, + -itis.] In pathol., inflammation 
OF. mestif, F. metif, of mixed breed, mongrel o f the mammary gland. Also called mam- 
(chien mestif, a mongrel dog), < ML. 'mixtiiits, mitis. 
"mistivus, mixed; (6) early mod. E.jwasty, < ME. masti vet, '< An obsolete form of mastiff, ifin- 
mastis, a mongrel, < OF. mestis, F. mitis (= Pr. s ), eil .- Cotgrave. 
mestis = Sp. mestizo = Pg. mestico = It. mes- mastless 1 (mast ' les), a. [< masti + -less.] 
mastication (mas-ti-ka'jihon), . [=F.mastica- tizzo), of a mixed breed, mongrel, < ML. 'mix- Having no mast: as. a mastless vessel. 
itigacSo = It.mas- ticiiis, 'misticius, mixed; (c) *mastin('mestin, > mastless- (mast 'les), a. [< mas ft + -less.] 
masticare, $<,_ messin), < OF. mastiii, F. mdtin = Pr. mastin Bearing or producing no mast: as, a mastlexx 
(cf. Sp. mastin, Pg. mastim, It. mastino, ML. mas- beech. 
tinus, all appar. < OF.), a mastiff; < ML. 'mix- A crown of mastUss oak adorned her head. 
tinus, 'mistinus, mixed ; all three types (ML. Dryden, tr. of Virgil's Qeorgics, ii. 
'mistivus, misticivs, 'mistinus) < L. mixttm, mis- mastlin't, . See martin*. 
tu.<t, mixed, pp. of miscere, mix: see mixi. For mastlin'-'t, w. See i '-'- Q 
food. 
Now I eat my meals with pain, 
Averse to masticate the grain. 
Cotton, Fables, vi. 
2. To prepare for use by cutting or kneading, 
as with a masticator. 
Mr. Hancock . . . had a cylinder made of masticated 
rubber, of a convenient size. Ure, Diet., I. 693. 
mastication (mas-ti-ka'shon), . [= I 
tioit = Sp . masticaeion = Pg. mastigacSo 
ticazione, < ML. "masticatio(n-), \ LL. i 
chew : see masticate.'] 1. The act of chewing; 
the process of triturating food with the teeth ; 
manducation. 2. The process of tearing to 
pieces or kneading, as india-rubber, by means 
of the masticator Muscles of mastication, the 
muscles specially concerned in the act of '' e '"K.J|eliw the form mast-, ult. < L. mist-, cf. masttirfl, mas- m astman'(mast'man), n. ; pi. mastmen (-men), 
those by whose action the lower law is moved upward and > , , ., 8atisfac . m * " V a nn ^ ii mkst in a man-of-war 
sidewise. They constitute a special group of muscles, de- 
riving their Innervation from the motor filaments of the 
trigeminus nerve. In man these muscles are the tempo- 
rails, masscter, and external and internal pterygoid. 
masticator (mas'ti-ka-tor), . [= Sp. masti- 
i-ailur, a horse's bit, = "Pg. mastigador = It. 
masticators, masticator, < NL. masticator, < LL. 
maxticare, chew: see masticate.'] One who or 
I h:it which masticates or chews. Specifically 
. This etym. is the only one that satisfac- A seaman stationed at a mast in a man-of-war 
torily explains the various forms involved, to keep the ropes clear and in order. In the 
Skeat, following Scheler and Diez, supposes British service, formerly called captain of the 
mastiff to be lit. ' a house-dog,' the ML. type maxt. 
mastinus being in this view contracted (after mastoccipital (mas-tok-sip'i-tal), n. [< - 
' ' " 
A machine used in purifying india-rubber or gutta-percha, 
consisting of a shaft set witli strong teeth and revolving 
in a case in which the material to be purified Is placed. 
(c)In eatmn., sometimes used for the organs of the mouth 
employed in mastication the maxillee and mandibles. 
Kirby. 
masticatory (mas'ti-ka-to-ri), a. and n. [= F. 
iitaxticatoire = Pr. niiistittiiatnri = Sp. It. mas- 
tifiitorin. < NL. *ma.i<ic<iti>riiiK, < LL. maxticiin-. 
chew: see miix.'icftti: mottttator.'] I. a. Relat- 
or pertaining to mastication; used in or 
Rom.) from 'masnatinus, ult. 'mantnonatiinis 
(se. canis), < masnata, ult. "mansionata (OF. 
meisnee, maisnce, etc.), household, family (see 
manyV, meiny). Minsheu (1625) similarly ex- 
plains it as "q. maison tenant, i. domum tenens, 
keeping the house."] A variety of dog of con- 
siderable antiquity. A true-bred mastiff is of large 
size, and very stoutly built. The head Is well developed 
and large, the lips deep and pendulous on each side of the 
mouth, and the whole aspect noble. This animal is capa- 
ble of great attachment, and is valuable as a watch-dog.. 
In aide time was an usage to norrysshe grel mastyuys 
and sare bytynge dogges in the lytell houses upon the 
walls, that by them shulde be knowen the comynge of 
theyrc enemyes. Caxton, Fayt of Amies, ii. 158. 
As savage bull, whom the fierce mastires bait. Spenser. 
effected' by chewing: as, the masticatory appa- mastiff-bat (nias'tif-bat), . A molossoid or 
ratus or process. -Masticatory mouth, in n(mn,, a bulldog-bat; a member of the Molossina': so 
mouth provided with well-developed mandibles and max- palled 
illse, as in Coleoptcra and lli/inr>i"i>tera. Alsoc-alled man- TUT'iaticrainrvlvi 
dOwlatt. mouth. Masticatory sac or stomach, a stom- "UJ" 1 
ach which serves for the trituration and comminution of Gr. paari!; (fiaarty-), a whip, scourge, -r afioi,^ 
' 230 
from its physiognomy. See 3Iolossinte. 
ffamfpha fmas'ti-sa-me'ba) n fNL.. < 
gam( V, " Lt " 
to(id) +~ occipital.] Common"to the mastoid 
and the occipital bone: as, the maftoccipital 
suture. Also masto-occipital. 
(mas'to-don), n. [NL., so called 
jo the mammillary processes on the 
molar teeth ; < Gr. /laarAf, breast (mammilla), 
+ mJoif (ooWr-) = E. tooth.] 1. An extinct 
proboscidean quadruped of the family Ele/ilian- 
tiilir and subfamily ifastodontina: Several (rener 
and rather numerous" species have been discovered In 
Tertiary deposits of most parts of the world,in some cases 
associated with those of the mammoth. One of the largest 
and best-known of these is the American Mastodon gigan- 
tnis, which survived to late Pleistocene period. A speci- 
men nearly perfect was found in Missouri in 1840 ; it is 
now in the British museum, and its dimensions are ei- 
treme length 20 feet 2 inches: height 9 feet 6J inches; 
cranium, length 3J feet, width 2 feet 11 inches; tusks, 
extreme length 7 feet 2 inches, circumference at base 27 
inches. See cut on following page. 
2. [cap.] The typical genus of Mastodontina>, 
formerly held to include all the mastodons, 
