mate 
2. Confounded; daunted; ilisrnayed; dejected; 
cast down. 
Him thoughtc that his herte wolde broke, 
Whim tie saugh hem so pitoua and so moat 
That whiluni weren of BO greet estaat. 
Chaucer, Knight's Tale, 1. 93. 
That nyght logged Ainaunt and lib men by a laillldo Bide 
in the woile, unit were full mate and pcnslf for her kyn and 
frcmlcs. ilerlin (E. E. T. S.), U. 869. 
3. Overthrown; fallen; slain. 
O Golias, unmesurablc of lengthe, 
How uiyghte David make thee BO mat! 
Chaucer, Man of Law's Tale, I 837. 
And wexeth anone BO feeble and mote. 
dower, Conf. Ainant., vi. 
mate 2 (mat), v. [< ME. maten, < OF. mater = 
Sp. Pg. matar = It. mattare = D. matten (in af- 
matten) = G. matlen = Sw. matta = Dan. matte, 
mate; from the adj.] I. trant. To defeat; 
daunt; confound; stupefy. [Obsolete or ar- 
chaic.] 
tfyve hundrith fully of there fyne shlppes, 
Consumet full cleane. clothes A other, 
And mi ML) mo were there marred, A mated with flre. 
Destruction uf Troy (E. E. T. 8.X 1. 9581. 
/..'<. What, are you mad, that you do reason so? 
Ant. S, Not mad, but mated; how, I do not know. 
Shak., C. of E.,iil. 2. 64. 
l'l> >! I think she is taller than yourself. 
Leoc. Why, let her! 
It is not that shall mate me. 
h'li'tclirr (and another), Love's Pilgrimage, lit. 2. 
Twenty years of depression and continual failure mated 
the spirits of the cavaliers. UaUam. 
II. iiitrans. To be confounded. 
mate 3 (mat), . [< ME. mate, in checkmate: 
see checkmate.] In chess, the state of the king 
when he is in check and cannot move out of 
it, the player whose king is so placed losing 
the game. 
At the chesse with me she gan to play. . . . 
Ther-wlth Fortune seyde "chek here !" 
And "Mate!" in the myd point of the chekkere. 
Chaucer, Death of Blanche, 1. 680. 
Although I had a check. 
To geue the mate is hard. 
Surrey, To the Ladie that Scorned her Louer. 
Like a stale at chess, where it is no mate, but yet the 
game cannot stir. Bacon, Boldness. 
Fool's mate, a mode of checkmate in which the tyro, 
moving first, is mated by his opponent's second move. 
Scholar's mate, a simple mode of checkmate, sometimes 
practised on inexperienced players, in which the skilled 
player's queen, supported by a bishop, mates the tyro in 
four moves. 
A simple trip, akin to scholar's mate at chess. 
H. Kingtley. 
Smothered mate, a form of mate in which the king is 
so surrounded by his own men as to be unable to move, 
and the mate is given by a knight. 
mate 3 (mat), v. t. ; pret. and pp. mated, ppr. mat- 
ing. [< ME. maten, < OF. and F. mater (= Pr. 
matar = It. mattare), checkmate, < mat, check- 
mated: see jwate 2 .] To checkmate. 
mate 4 , mate (ma'te), n. [Sp., prop, yerba de 
mate: yerba, herb; de, of ; mate, a vessel, usually 
a gourd or calabash, in which the leaves are in- 
fused.] A species of holly, Ilex Paraguayensis ; 
also, its prepared leaves, or the tea-like bever- 
age made from them. The mate la a small tree, or 
is reduced to a bush l>y the cutting of its branches for 
their leaves. It is found wild on the river-banks of Para- 
guay and in the neighboring mountainous districts of Bra- 
zil, and is cultivated in plantations. The leaves are pre- 
pared by roasting and pulverizing. Boiling water is poured 
over them to form the tea, which is imbibed through a tube, 
commonly without addition, sometimes with sugar or lem- 
on. It is an aromatic beverage, whose general effects are 
those of tea and coffee. It is considered very refreshing 
in fatigue, and is consumed by miners and other heavy la- 
borers. Its use, puce adopted, is very difficult to abandon. 
Also called llntzil or Paraguay tea, Jesuits' tea, and yerba, 
matelasse; (mat-las'a), a. and . [F., pp. of 
iiiiiti-liiwi; cover with a mattress, < matclas, a 
mattress: see mattrens.'] I, a. Having a raised 
pattern the surface of which looks as if quilted: 
siiid of fine textiles, especially silk. MatelassS 
silks have usually a rich flowered pattern, and are of one 
color, the pattern showing only by its slight relief and 
different texture. 
II. n. A kind of French dress-goods of silk 
and wool. See I. 
mateless (tnat'Ios), a. [< mntel + -/ess.] Hav- 
ing no mate or companion. 
Daughter too divine as woman to be noted, 
Spouse of only death in inatelem maidenhood. 
A. C. Smnburne, Athens. 
matelote tmat'e-lot), . [F.. a dish of differ- 
ent sorts D| ' tisli, < matelnt, a sailor, seaman: see 
matrons.] Fisli served with a sauce of wine, 
onions, herbs, and other seasoning. The name 
is sometimes given to a dish of meat or other 
viands served with a similar sauce. 
matelotte (mat'e-lot ), . [F.,< mattlot, & sailor: 
see MoMote.] An old sailors' dance, in duple 
3657 
rhythm, similar to the hornpipe. The dancers 
wore wooden shoes and hud their arms inter- 
t wined behind their backs. 
mately (miit'li), . In her., same as urdi: as, 
n cross Hintfli/. 
mateology (mat-e-ol'o-ji), H. [< Gr. uarato/.oyia, 
vain, random talk, < uanuMyoc, talking at ran- 
dom, < fidraiOf, vain, idle, foolish (> parti, folly), 
+ ->oyia, < 'fjyetv, speak : see -oloay.] A vain 
discourse or inquiry. Also spelled niatawtogu. 
[Rare.] 
The sapience of our forefathers and the def ectlveness of 
our dictionaries are simultaneously illustrated by the bead- 
roll of imitirid'iiiii [a list of different kinds of divination] 
embodied In the extract here following. 
f. Uatt, Mod. Eng., p. 87. 
mateotechnyt (mat'e-o-tek'ni), n. [< Gr. 
/laraiof, vain, + rixvy, art.] Any unprofitable 
science. [Rare.] 
Such a peevish practice & unnecessarie 
Touchstone of Complexions, I'ref., p. 6. (Davies.) 
mater 1 !, . A Middle English form of matter. 
mater 2 (ma'ter), n.; pi. matres (-trez). [L., 
= Gr. uiJTtip = E. mother: see mother^.] 1. 
Mother: in certain special uses. See alma 
mater, and phrases below. 2. In mint., one 
of two membranes or meniuges of the brain, 
outer and inner, separated by the arachnoid, 
and distinguished as dura mater, or dura, and 
pia mater, or pia: so called from some idea 
that they produce the brain __ Mater acetl, mother 
of vinegar; a fungus or mold-plant which appears on the 
surface of vinegar, forming there a thick leather-like coat. 
It belongs to the genus Sycoderma. Hater famlliaB, 
the mother of a family. 
materet, A Middle English form of matter. 
material (ma-te'ri-al), n. and . [= F. mate- 
riel = Sp. Pg. material = It. materiale, < LL. 
materialis, of or belonging to matter, < L. ma- 
teria, matter: see matter.'] I. a. 1. Consisting 
of matter ; of a physical nature ; not spiritual : 
as, material elements; a material body. 
I saw when at his word the formless mass, 
This world's material mould, came to a heap. 
MOton, P. L., ill. 709. 
The motion of the ether communicated to material sub- 
stances throws them into motion. It Is therefore Itself a 
material substance. Tyndall, Light and Electricity, p. 124. 
2. Relating to or connected with matter; con- 
cerned with organic nature; affecting corporeal 
things or interests: as, material existence or 
well-being. 
Even In that material civilization which utilitarianism 
delights to glorify, there Is an element which the philoso- 
phy of mere enjoyment cannot explain. 
Lecty, Europ. Morals, I. 89. 
Material circumstances will continue to rule political 
agglomerations. The Nation, MM. 156. 
Hence 3. Corporeal; sensuous; sensual; 
gross: as, material delights. 
These temptations are crasse and material, and soon dis- 
cernible. Jer. Taylor, Works (ed. 1885X I. 104. 
4. Pertaining to the matter or subject; of 
substantial import or consequence ; essential ; 
necessary; important. 
That were too long their Infinite content! 
Here to record, ne much materiall. 
Spenter, F. Q., II. x. 74. 
He [the King of Spain] had done them some material 
good Offices. HotreU, Letters, I. vi. S. 
How we all came to disregard BO material a point is in- 
conceivable. Goldsmith, Vicar, xrl. 
A circumstance may be said to be material when it hears 
a visible relation in point of causality to the consequences 
immaterial, when it bears no such visible relation. 
Bentham. Introd. to Morals and Legislation, vi!. 23. 
She repeated to my friend the singular story she had 
before told him, without any material variation from the 
detail she had formerly given. 
Bar/tarn, Ingoldsby Legends, I. 203. 
5f. Full of matter, or of solid sense and obser- 
vation. 
Touch. Honesty coupled to beauty is to have honey a 
sauce to sugar. 
Jaq. A material fool ! [Aside.] 
Slink.. As you Like it, ill. S. 32. 
Beware of being too material when there Is any impedi- 
ment or obstruction in men's wills ; for pre-occcnpatlon 
of mind ever requireth preface of speech. 
Bacon, Dispatch (ed. 1887). 
What thinks material Horace of his learning? 
n. Jmuon, Poetaster, v. 1. 
Natural and easy as well in her deportment as in her 
discourse, which was always materiaU, not trifling. 
Krelyn, Diary, March 10, 1085. 
6. In i>liilns., consisting in or pertaining to mat- 
ter in the Aristotelian sense, and not to form ; 
arising from matter of positive fact, and not 
fromlogical implication: referring to the object 
as it exists, and not to distinctions originating 
in the mind ; relating to a word as an object, and 
material 
lint to its iiieiinint,'. All these senses come down from 
the middle ages, and in them material is opposed to for- 
mal. In Cartesian and later writings, material ''It- n means 
pel Illinium to the otltwitnl unrld, as opposed to spiritual. 
In the Kiuitiiiii tei miholocy, ma/<nV/f in- ;m^ pn twining to 
or derived from mutter in ttie Kantian sense of that tetin, 
namely, that which is contributed to cognition by acnte. 
Examples of the many established phrases in which this 
word occurs are given below. 
7. In the laic of evidence, of legal significance 
in the cause; having such a relation to the 
question in controversy that it may or ought 
to have some influence on the determination of 
the cause. See immaterial issue, under ixxue. 
Material acceptation or supposition, tin- taking of a 
spoken or written word aaan object of thought.- Materi- 
al being. See beta;/. Material cause. See cause, l. 
Material cognition. Sec cognition. - Material conse- 
quence, a conseq uence, or premise with conclusion, which 
is valid that is, of which the conclusion is true whenever 
the premise Is true, but which is so by virtue of a matter 
of fact, and not by virtue of the logical forms of the prem- 
ise and conclusion. The use of this term originated with 
Scotus, who further distinguishes between a necessary 
and a contingent material consequence, according as the 
premise needed to be supplied to render the consequence 
a logical syllogism is a necessary or a contingent propo- 
sition. Material criterion of truth. See criterion. 
Material descent, the passage from a genus to a species 
which conies under it as a matter of fact, but not by logi- 
cal necessity. Material distinction, the distinction be- 
tween different individuals of the same species. This IB 
an example of a use of the word material common with 
Thomas Aquinas and his followers, which seems to imply 
that matter Is the principle of individual Ion Material 
fallacy, a fallacy In which the syllogism satisfies all the 
rules of formal logic, but where the deception belongs to a 
class of falaiflcations of premises. Such, for example, are 
cases where "most" Is exaggerated into "all," where we 
argue post hoc ergo propter hoc, etc. Material form* , in 
metapn., a form depending upon matter, and having no in- 
dependent existence, which is suppoBed to be true of every 
form except the human soul. Material heresy. See 
heresy, 2. Material Id ea. See idea. Material know- 
ledge. S&metamatrrialcoffnit'on. Material logic. See 
logic. Material matter of a proposition, the subject 
and predicate : opposed to the formal matter, which is the 
fact signified by the proposition. Material mode, a 
mode which affects the matter of a proposition : opposed 
to formal mode, which affects the form. 
The material modes affect the matter of the enuncia- 
tion, viz. either the subject or the predicate. For exam- 
ple, in this enunciation, A good shepherd lays down his 
life for his sheep, the word bonus or good is the mode of 
the subject. In this, A rhetorician speaks ornately and 
copiously, ornately and copiously are the modes of the 
predicate. Burgersdicius, tr. by a Gentleman. 
Material multitude t , the plurality of a number In which 
the distinctions which may separate the objects are left 
out of view. It is a Thomist expression. Material ob- 
ject Of a science, the things of which that science takes 
cognizance, regardless of the point of view from which It 
considers them. Thus, chemistry and mechanics have the 
same material object that is to say, the whole universe. 
Material opposition, the opposition between terms 
which are not opposed in form. Material perfection 
of cognition, a perfect acquaintance with the facts, asop- 
posedto a logically distinct apprehension of them. Ma- 
terial principle, the Aristotelian matter. See matter. 
2 (a). Material science, a science which rests ou ut- 
ward observation, and not on introspection: a Cartesian 
distinction. M&terial sign*, a sign which indicates its 
object, and shows its real existence, but does not represent 
it, or exhibit Its form : a Thomist phrase. Material sub- 
Stance, matter In the ordinary sense. Material sup- 
position. Same as material acceptat ion. Material 
truth, the correspondence of our judgments with their 
objects : opposed to formal truth, which is mere logical 
consistency. Material unltyt, that which belongs to 
an individual as such : a Thomist term. Material vir- 
tue*, a power residing in material things. Aquinas. 
II. . 1. Component or contributory matter 
or substance; that of or with which any corpo- 
real thing is or may be constituted, made, or 
done : as, the materials of the soil or of disin- 
tegrated rocks; wool is the material of cloth; 
building- or writing-maferiafc; war-mnterio/. 
The houses are all built, on the outside, of no better a 
material than either Sun burnt Brick or Flemish Wall. 
Maundrrll, Aleppo to Jerusalem, p. 124. 
The scenery, though for ever changing, changes like 
the pattern of a kaleidoscope, the same materials read- 
justed In varying combinations. Frnude, Sketches, p. 64. 
2. A constituent principle or element ; that 
which composes or makes a part of anything : 
as, the material of one's thoughts ; the materials 
of a drama. 
Concerning the materials of seditions. 
Bacon, Seditions and Troubles. 
Let none fear that this age, or any coming one, will ex- 
tirpate the material of poetry. 
Gladstone, Might of Right, p. 121. 
Raw material, unmanufactured material ; material for 
fabrication in its natural state, or, with reference to some 
processes of manufacture, in the partially nianufactiir.il 
state to which it must be brought prior to treatment )>> 
those processes. Thus, wool Is the raw material of yarn, 
and yarn that of cloth : iron ore is the raw material of pig- 
iron, and pig-iron that of cast-iron. 
The carrier and tanner find their whole occupation in 
converting raw material into what may be termed pre- 
pared material. ./. & Mill. 
Strength Of materials, that power by which any sub- 
stance, as a rod. liar. beam, chain, or rope, resists any effort 
to destroy the cohesion of its parts, whether by pulling or 
stretching, crushing, or lateral or longitudinal pram 
