math 
math (math), n. [< MK. mull, (f), < AS. math 
(=()II(i. Hltill, Mllli. Will (Until-), d. Illlllltl), II 
mowing, what is mowed, etc.; with formative 
-tli, < iiiiiiriin, niiiw: sre ;ifl.] A mowing, or 
what is gathered from mowing. [OVisuli i., 
except, in tlir compounds iiftcrniiitli and Inlti-r- 
iii nt /i. \ 
The tint mowing thereof, fur the king's use, IB wont to 
be sooner than the common math. 
Bp. Hall, Hani Texts, Amo vll. 
math. An abbreviation of tuathi-matiiv iiml 
mallii-miilii-iil. 
mathematic (math-e-raat'ik), a. and n. [I. a. = 
F. UKll/iriillltii/llr Sp. iiillti lilliticil=:Pg. Illlttlii- 
Hllltiro = It. matl-llllllil-il irf. I), (i. Illllllll Illlltifirll 
= Dan. miitlii n/iilix/: = Sw. HnitrHinti.il,-) < L. 
mathfiuaticHit, < Or. fiath/naTiKof, pertaining to 
learning, disposed to learn, belonging to the 
sciences, esp. to mathematics, < /jaUt//ta, a les- 
son, a thing learned, learning, science, in the 
pi. paSi/iiara, the sciences, esp. mathematics, < 
uavSaticiv, uaBeiv, learn. II. . = F. miit/ii iinitii//ii 
= Sp. iiKitrmiitica = Pg. mntliematira = It. w- 
tcmiitica (D. miitliriiiiitirlc = G. Dan. mathema- 
tik = Sw. maternal ik), < L. matheinatiea, I., < Or. 
ttadr/fiaTixq (sc. Ti-,\ri/), f., also itathjuartna, neut. 
pi., mathematics, in L. also astrology. See II. 1 
1. a. Same as mathematical. [Rare.] 
8Ir, not only a mathrmatie point, which Is the most in- 
divisible and unique thing which art can present, flows 
into every line which is derived from the centre, but our 
soul, which is but one, hath swallowed up a negative and 
feeling soul. Donnt, Letters, xxl. 
Solving problems mathematic. Byron, Oranta. 
II. n. Same as miitliniinlicn. [Rare.] 
All pure niiiihi iiiniir is thus a science of pure intuition. 
Hickok, Mental Philos., p. 125. 
mathematical (math-e-mat'i-kal), a. and . 
[< mathematic + -a I.] I. a. 1. "Of, pertaining 
to, or relating to mathematics; having to do 
with pure quantity; quantitative: as, mathe- 
matical knowledge; mathematical instruments; 
a mathentatical theory. 
That Egyptian and Chaldean wisdom mathematical 
wherewith Moses and Daniel were furnished. 
Hooker, Eccles. Polity, ill. 8. 
The greater or less accuracy attainable In a mathematical 
science is a matter of accident. Jeoont, Pol. Econ., p. 7. 
The first or mathematical class of categories, the cate- 
gories of quantity or quality. 
E. Caird, Philos. of Kant, p. 816. 
2. According to the principles of mathematics ; 
theoretically precise ; absolutely accurate ; 
strict; rigid; demonstrable: as, mathematical 
exactness; mathematical certainty. 
Every single argument should be managed as a mathe- 
matical demonstration. 
Locke, Conduct of the Understanding, J 7. 
3f. Geometrical, as opposed to arithmetical and 
algebraical : an incorrect use, formerly current. 
Arithmetical, mathematical, algebraical, and paradoxi- 
cal questions. R. Cartilr (17W), title of book. 
4f. Astrological; magical. 
Though I do by the authority of flod 'slaws and man 'slaws 
damn tills damnable art mathematical, I do not damn such 
other arts and sciences as be associated and annexed with 
this unlawful astrology. Bp. Hooper, Works, I. 3SO. 
6. Produced by mathematics, as pure figures 
and number. 
A marvellous newtrallty have these things mathemati- 
all, and also a strange participation between things su 
crnaturall, immortal), Intellectuall. simple and indlvlsi 
mil, and also a strange participation between tilings su- 
pernaturall, immortal), Intellectuall. simple and Indivisi- 
ble, and things naturall, mortall, sensible, compounded 
and divisible. Dr. J. Dee, Preface to Euclid (1570X 
Mathematical abstraction. SeeaMractiun.- Mathe- 
matical body, a volume of pure space, without inertia 
ami the other properties of natural bodies. See body. 
Mathematical certainty or evidence, that sort of cer- 
tainty which results from mathematical demonstration, 
based on a diagram or the like. Mathematical chro- 
nology . See MPHMityy- Mathematical conception, 
a conception which is applicable immediately to space 
anil time, and not to existence or causation ; a conception 
that is not dynamical. Mathematical Induction. See 
iiKlnrtinn. s, Mathematical Infinity, that sort of in. 
tlnity which is considered in mathematics. See infinite, 1, 
and infinity, 3. Mathematical Instruments, inst n> 
ments for mathematical drawing and drafting, such as di- 
viders, protractors, and the like. Mathematical nota- 
tion. See mitatiiiH. Mathematical psychology, a 
application of mathematics to psychology, like that at- 
tempted by iicrhart. Mathematical quantities, quan- 
tities as they are conceived by the mathematician, often 
professedly fictitious, as distinguished from natural quan- 
tities, which are quantities :i^ iliry rxist in the concrete. 
Mathematical signs, see riyn. Mathematical unity, 
the abstract number 1. -Mathematical Whole, awhole 
whose parts lie outside of one another; n quantitative, 
Integral, or integrate whole. 
II. t n. !>! Mathemntii-s. 
The arte of vulgar arithmeticke. . . Newly collected, 
digested, and in some part devised, by a wel wilier to the 
Mathematical*. T. Hill (1600), title of book. 
Take delight likewise in the mathematical!. 
Sir l\ >Vi//p<v;(Ai'bi']'- I'.nc. Harner. I. :!<isl. 
MM 
The stars, the planets, and signs in the nrmament Hhall 
be strange gods, If we, being deceived with the matin mutt 
call, shall wholly hang on them, llullinyrr. sermons, ii. i 
mathematically (niath-e-mat'i-kal-i), adi-. Iii 
a matliematicalmauner; according to the laws 
or principles of mathematical science; with 
mathematical certainty; demonstrably : as, a 
proposition that is matin uiatirallij true. /Yi.s- 
mathematician (tnath'e-ma-tish'an), . [= 
F. miitlii'iiialicim ; as matin-malic 4- -i.] 1. 
One who is versed in mathematics. 
The Mathematician, taking his start from the pure per* 
ceptions of space and time, goes on freely constructing tig- 
ures In space without any reference to experience, and 
demonstrating the properties of such figures. 
E. Caird, Fhllos. of Kant, p. 242. 
2t. An astrologer. 
MutlirHiaticiaim. among the Romans, were for some time 
specially meant of astrologers, or star-prophets. 
A". Grew, Cosmologia Hacra, p. 3*27. 
Combinatorial mathematician. See combinatorial. 
mathematicize (math-e-mat'i-siz), r. t. [< 
mathematic + -i:e.] To consider or treat in a 
mathematical manner, as logic. [Kare.] 
mathematicological (math -e-mat'i-ko-loj'i- 
kal), a. Applying mat hemufii s or algebra to 
logic. JerintK, 
mathematics (math-e-mat'iks), n. [PI. of matlt- 
finiitic: see -ics. Cf. mathematic, n.] Thescienee 
of quantity; the study of ideal constructions 
(often applicable to real problems), and the 
discovery thereby of relations between the 
parts of these constructions, before unknown. 
The observations being upon objects of imagination mere- 
ly, the discoveries of mathematics are susceptible of being 
rendered quite certain. The first considerable advances 
in mathematics were made by the Greeks, whose greatest 
geometers, Euclid, Archimedes, and Apollonius. flourished 
in or about the third century B. c. After their time not 
very much progress was made until the seventeenth cen- 
tury, but since then the progress of discovery has been 
continuous. See absolute, algebra, arithmetic, equatioti, 
function, geometry, yroup, infinite, infinitesimal, number, 
l>i-tilt'lil, '/IHIiititil. >/""'''. ll"'"i-> in. I'tr" 
To the pure mathematics are those sciences belonging 
which handle quantity determinate. 
Bacon, Advancement of Learning, II. 171. 
I have mentioned mathcmatick* as a way to settle in the 
mind an habit of reasoning closely and in train. 
Locke, Conduct of the I'nderstandfng, $ 7. 
Mathematics Is the science which draws necessary con- 
clusions. B. Peirce, Linear Associative Algebra (1870), J 1. 
Now this establishment of correspondence between two 
aggregates and investigation of the properties that are 
carried over by the correspondence may be called the cen- 
tra] idea of modern mathematics. 
W. K. Clifford, Philos. Pure Sciences, p. 334. 
Applied mathematics, the mathematical study of a 
series of problems the connection of which is objective: 
opposed to jinn' mathematics, which studies systems of 
relations, the connection lying In the analogy of the re- 
lationship. Examples of applied mathematics are rigid 
dynamics, hydrodynamics, the theory of probabilities, the 
kinetical theory of gases, etc. Higher mathematics, all 
the scientifically treated branches of mathematics that 
is, all except practical arithmetic, elementary geometry, 
trigonometry, and a part of algebra. 
niathemeg (matb'e-meg), H. [Said to be Cree 
Indian, meaning 'ugly.'] A fish of the Sas- 
katchewan basin, believed to be the siluroid 
AmiurtiK iiigricann, a kind of catfish. 
mathesis (ma-the'sis). M. [1,1... learning, math- 
ematics, < Gr. udfoiatc, learning, knowledge, sci- 
ence, <. /lavOavrtv, fiaSflv, learn: see mathematicx.] 
1. Mental discipline; learning or science in 
general, especially mathematics. [Obsolete or 
archaic.] 
Mad Mathegis alone was iincouflned. 
Too mad for mere material chains to bind, 
Now to pure space lifts her ecstatic stare, 
Now, running round the circle, finds It square. 
Pope, Dunciad, iv. 31. 
2. [(/>.] In eutom., a genus of clerid beetles, 
erected by Waterhouse in 1877, haying a long 
antennal club and the third tarsal joint not bi- 
lobed. The type Is M. gvttigera of New Zealand, resem- 
bling the longicorn Zorion gvttigerum, with which it is 
associated, and upon which it is probably parasitic. 
mathesyt, n. [< LL. mathtxix, learning: see 
MrifcMK] Mathesis; mathematics. 
Anon after he set vp a great scole at Canntorbury of al 
nianer of scyences, as rhetorlck. logyck, phylosophy, mo- 
thety, astrologi. geometrye, arithmeticke, and musicke. 
Bp. Bale, English Votaries, I. 
mathook 1 unat'huk), . In hi/rlranl. engiii., a 
long pole with an iron hook at the end, used in 
making and handling mats for jetty-work. 
Lyes and libels served as spades and mathookf to work 
with. Roger Sorth, Examen, p. 592. 
mathook-t, . A falsified form of mattock. 
Mathurin (math'u-rin), M. [So called as occu- 
pying the church of St. Mntlnii-in in Paris.] A 
member of the order of Trinitarians. See Trini- 
tarian. '-. 
mating-time 
mati (inii'te), a. [Chin., < ma, horse, -t- t'i. 
I'lHit.J A scilj.-!', l:'lt-tirliiin.i liihi-rtixa. growing in 
China, with wholesome edible tubers. 
matiaS bark. Same as mnlianlm hiu-k (whirli 
M*. under hurl."}. 
maticin, maticine (mat'i-sin). . [< umtimi + 
-in-. -UK-.] A hitter principle obtained from 
the plant matico. 
matico 1 (ma-te'ko), . [Sp.J A plant, 1'iiier aii- 
i/iixtifolium (Artantlir i liiniinin), natural order 
I'I/H i-iii-iii-. In pern it has long enjoyed a high reputa- 
tion for styptic and aphrodUlac properties. It Is an aro- 
matic tonic and stimulant, and acts like cubebs on the 
urinary passages. A species of Kupaturium 
mm) has the same name. 
matico- (nmt'i-ko), n. Same as niataco. 
matie (ma'ti), //. [Origin uncertain.] A 
herring in which the roe or milt is perfectly 
but not largely developed. This to the itate In which 
the flsh are In the beat condition for food, being most 
delicious as well u most nutritive. Although they are 
not so bulky In appearance as full herring, they are In re- 
ality much fatter. See/t<# herrintj, under herrimj. Per- 
by. 
matin (mat 'in), n. and a. [< ME. matin (in p). 
ii/iiti/n.i),<. OF. and F. matin (= It. iniiltinn), 
morning (matin*, morning prayers), < L. nintu- 
tinum, the morning, neut. of matntinim, of the 
morning, < Matuta, the goddess of dawn, as if 
fern, of an adj. 'matutnx, early, timely (f ), akin 
to maturus, mature: see mature. Cf. mainline.] 
1. n. If. Morning. 
The glow-worm shows the matin to be near, 
And 'gins to pale his uneffectual fire. 
Shot., Hamlet, L 5. 88. 
2. pi. One of the canonical hours appointed in 
the early church, and still observed in the Ro- 
man Catholic Church, especially in monastic 
orders. It properly begins at midnight, and Is occupied 
by two services, nocturns and lauds. The name is also 
applied to the service Itself, which includes the Lord's 
Prayer, the Angelic Salutation, the Creed, and several 
psalms. 
The vigils are celebrated before them, and the nocturn 
and tuatiwi. for the salnU whose the relics are. 
StillingJIeet. 
3. Morning worship, as sung; hence, any morn- 
ing song: usually in the plural. 
He ne hurde masse & matynn and eueson <V eche tyde. 
Kab. of Gloucester, p. 30s). 
And crop-full out of doors he flings. 
Ere the first cock his matin rings. 
.Mitten, L'Allegro, 1. 114. 
4. /)/. A musical setting of any part of the of- 
fice of matins. 
II. . Pertaining to the morning; used in 
the morning. [Poetical.] 
ip rose the victor angels, and to arms 
The matin trumpet sung. Milton, P. L., vi 620. 
Each morn my sleep was broken thro* 
By some wild skylark's matin song. 
Tennyxm, Miller's Daughter. 
matinal (mat'i-nal), a. [< F. matiual, < LL. 
iiiatutitialis, of the morning, < L. matutinmi, of 
the morning: see matin. Cf. MteMMi.] 1. 
Relating to the morning, or to matins. 2. 
[cn/i.] Appellative of the second of Professor 
H. D. Hogers's fifteen subdivisions of the Pa- 
leozoic strata in the Appalachian chain, the 
names of which suggest metaphorically the 
different natural periods of the day. It represents 
Noa. II. and III. of the numerical divisions of the Paleo- 
zoic series according to the previous nomenclature of the 
Pennsylvania Survey, viz. the Matinal limestone and the 
Matinal shales and slates, the equivalent of the groups In- 
cluded between the Potsdam sandstone and the Oneida 
conglomerate according to the nomenclature of the New 
York Surrey. 
matinfe (mat-i-na'), n. [F., < matin, morning: 
see matin.] 1. An entertainment (especially a 
theatrical performance) or a reception held in 
the daytime, usually in the afternoon. (The gen- 
eral dinner-hour of early times having been at the close 
of the forenoon, the French matinSe, like the English 
mtirninff. is often considered as extending to the common 
modern dinner-hour In the evening, especially in cities. ] 
2. A woman's dress for home wear in the fore- 
noon, or up to the time when she dresses as for 
dinner or for going out. Its form and material 
change according to fashion. 
A becoming matinee Is of claret flannel. . . . Many pret- 
ty mntinert are made of surah. 
Philadelphia Time*, March 14, 1886. 
mating (ma'ting). H. [Verbal n. of mate 1 , r.] 
1. The act of taking a mate, or pairing, as by 
birds. 2. See the quotation. 
Sometimes two or more crews belonging to different 
vessels unite In the capture, and if successful an equitable 
division of the oil is afterward made. This is called mat 
ing- FMtrie* a/ U. S., V. It 260. 
mating-time (ma'ting-tim), H. The breeding 
MMOB, when any animal mates or pairs; pair- 
ing-time. 
