matrimony 
latter; the state of marriage or wedlock; nup- 
tial union; conjugal partnership. 
He thut joyneth his virgin In majrymonye dolth wel. 
Wyd\jr, 1 Cor. vii. 88. 
2. The act of marriage ; entrance upon the mar- 
ried state by a formal ceremony or procedure : 
as, the solemnization of luati-iui'oiii/ by a clergy- 
man. In the Roman Catholic Cnurch matri- 
mony is regarded as one of the sacraments. 
Exhorting the married men to temperance, and the 
bachelors to matrimony. Goldsmith, Vicar, IL 
3f. Wife. [A Latinism. Compare wedlock in 
the same sense.] 
Restore my matrimony undefU'd, 
Wrong not my niece, and, for our gold or silver 
If I pursue you, hang me t 
l:<-<iii. and ftn Little French Lawyer, IT. 6. 
4. A game with cards. =Syn. 1 and 2. Wedlock, Wed- 
ding, etc. See marriage. 
matrimony-vine (mat'ri-rap-ni-vin), . A gar- 
den-plant, Lycium vulgare; also, the closely al- 
lied L. barbarum. The latter is said to be used 
in medicine in Japan. 
matrimoynet, . A Middle English form of 
miilriiiioiii/. 
matrix (ma'triks or mat'riks), .; pi. matrices 
(mat'ri-sez, L. ma-tri'sdz). [< L. matrix (ma- 
tric-), a breeding animal, the parent stem (of 
plants), LL. the womb, a source, origin, cause, a 
public register or roll, < mater (= Gr. ftynip), 
mother: see mater%, mother 1 . "\ 1. The womb; 
the uterus. 
All that openeth the matrix Is mine. Ex. xxxlv. 19. 
Hence 2. That which incloses anything, or 
gives origin to anything, like a womb, (a) A 
mold which gives form to material forced Into It in a solid 
condition, or poured into it in a fluid state and allowed to 
harden before removal, (ft) In coining, the intaglio formed 
in steel by engraving, or by driving Into the metal a tool 
called a hub, upon which the design of the coin has been 
produced in relief. The steel matrix Is subsequently 
hardened and tempered. From this matrix punches for 
making dies are obtained by driving into it pieces of soft 
steel, which, after taking form from the matrix, are In 
their turn hardened and tempered. The instruments used 
in coining thus alternately take the design in cameo and 
intaglio, and in order as follows : (1) cameo, the hub ; (2) 
intaglio, the matrix ; (3) cameo, the punch ; (4) Intaglio, 
the die. Lastly the coin is struck in cameo by the die. (<) 
The bottom die In any stamping- or drop-press. (<2) In type- 
founding, an attachment to the mold in which the face of 
a type is cast, the mold proper making the body for that 
face. Every letter or character has its special matrix, but 
all the matrices of the same font are fitted to one mold. 
The matrix is a small flat bar of copper that has received 
the deeply sunken impress of the punch, or model letter 
cut on a rod of steel. As left by the punch It is known as 
a driw, or strike, or unjustified matrix When finished and 
Hi ii-il to the mold it is * justified matrix. Matrices are 
also made by the eleetrotypinp process, (e) In stereotyp- 
ing, the mold of plaster, papier mache, or other composi- 
tion which is taken from types as arranged in the form, 
and into which the melted alloy called stereotypers' metal 
is poured in casting stereotype-plates. (/) In mineral. 
and geol., the rock in which any accidental crystal, miner- 
al, or fossil is embedded. (</) In ininiu'i, same as gangw, 
I. (Rare and incorrect.] (A) In odontag., the formative 
part of a mammalian tooth, consisting of a pulp and cap- 
sule. The former Is converted into dentine, the latter 
int cement. (') In anat., the intercellular substance : 
as, the matrix of cartilage, containing corpuscles; the 
animal matrix of bone, impregnated with mineral salts, 
etc. 0') In bot. : (1) That upon which a plant is fixed or 
from which It grows : as, lichens which grow upon a ma- 
trix of rock. (2) Intercellular substance: as, the flla- 
limits of nostoc lie in a gelatinous matrix. 
3. In math., a rectangular array of quantities, 
usually square : so called because considered as 
a mold or set of compartments into which a 
certain number of quantities can be put, the 
leaving of one of the spaces unoccupied being in 
effect to put zero there. The matrix Is consequently 
a multiple quantity having as many dimensions as it has 
spaces. The numbers in the spaces are called the constit- 
uents of the matrix. The following definitions relate to 
square matrices. The vertical lines of numbers are called 
the i-"li/iiiu*. the horizontal ones the rotes. The diagonal 
running from tho upper left hand to the lower right hand 
corner is called the principal diagonal. Constituents sym- 
metrically situated with reference to the principal diago- 
nal are said to be conjugate. A matrix in which every 
constituent is equal to its conjugate Is said to be si/mmet- 
rical; if all the constituents along each diagonal band trans- 
verse to the principal diagonal are equal, the matrix Is said 
to be pcrs!immelrical. The addition of matrices Is so un- 
derstood that the sum of two like matrices is a matrix 
every constituent of which is equal to the sum of the cor- 
responding constituents of the parts. The multiplication 
of two like square matrices Is so understood that the pro- 
duct Is a matrix whose construction is of the kind shown 
in the following example : 
3001 
The types of two matrices are said to be complementary 
when p pi = q + ji. Matrix-rolling machine, in 
stereotyping by the paper process, a machine soin< * 
, _ 
t C, D ) - \ cA + dC, cB + dD f 
type Into the prepared paper. - Nuclear matrix. See 
karyoplamn. Reciprocal matrix. See invent matrix. 
matron (ma'tron or mat'ron), . [< F. matroiic 
= Sp. Pg. It. matrona, < t. matrona, a married 
woman, wife, matron, < matfr, mother: nee iim- 
ter~, mother 1 .] 1. A married woman, especial- 
ly an elderly married woman, or a woman old 
enough to be the mother of a family, whether 
actually so or not; a woman possessing the 
gravity suitable to a mother. 
Yet did that auncient matrone all she might 
To cherish her with all things choice and rare. 
Spenser, K. Q., VI. Jtli. 14. 
For thee the soldier bleeds, the matron mourns. 
Pope, Iliad, vi 412. 
2. In a special sense, a head nurse in a hospital ; 
the female head or superintendent of any insti- 
tution Jury of matrons. Seejttry. 
matronage (ma'tron-aj or mat'ron-ap), . [< 
matron + -aye.] I. The state of being a ma- 
tron; matronly character or condition. 
The underscoring! of young ladles' letters, a wonder 
even to themselves under the colder north-light of ma- 
tronayc. Lauxll, Study Windows, p. 120. 
2. A body of matrons ; matrons collectively. 
His exemplary queen at the head of the matnnuii/r of 
this land. Burke, A Begicide Peace, i. 
matronal (ma'tron-al or mat'ron-al),a. [=Sp. 
Pg. matronal = It. matronale, <. IJ. matroualis, 
of or belonging to a married woman, < matrona, 
a married woman: see matron.'] Of or pertain- 
ing to a matron ; suitable to an elderly lady or 
to a married woman; grave; motherly. 
He had herd of the beautle and vertuous behaviour of 
the young Queen of Naples, the wlddow of Ferdlnando 
the younger, being then of matrotiall yeares of seuen and 
twentle. Bacon, Hist Hen. VII., p. 218. 
Only, in depleting this Roman ideal of matronal chastity, 
Fletcher, with his wonted coarseness of taste, has touched 
on very slippery ground. Fortnightly Rev., N. 8., XL. 337. 
Matronalia (mat-ro-na'li-ii), n. pi. [L., orig. 
neut. pi. of matronalin, belonging to a married 
woman : see matronal."] In Rom. antiq., a fes- 
tival celebrated by matrons on the first of 
March in honor of Mars. 
matronhood (ma'tron-hud or mat'ron-hud), n. 
[< matron + -hood.] The condition of being a 
matron; matronage. 
matronize (ma'tron-iz or mat'ron-iz), v. t. ; 
pret. and pp. matronized, ppr. matronizing. [< 
matron + -tee.] 1. To render matronly. 
Childbed matronizes the giddiest spirits. 
liichanlmn, Familiar Letters. 
2. To act as a mother to; assume the manner 
of a matron toward; specifically, to chaperon. 
She . . . brought her to Boston to matronite her. 
HovxUt, Modern Instance, xxL 
Also spelled matronise. 
matronlike (ma'tron -Ilk or mat'ron-Uk), a. 
Matronly. 
matronly (ma'trpn-li or mat'ron-li), a. [< ma- 
tron + -<yi.] Like a matron ; characteristic of 
or suitable to a matron ; elderly ; ripe in years. 
The matronly wife plucked ont all the brown hairs, and 
the younger the white. Sir R. L'Bstrange, Fables. 
matronly (ma'tron-li or mat'ron-li), adv. [< 
matronly, a.] In a manner becoming a ma- 
tron. [Rare.] 
She up arose with seemely grace, 
And toward them full matronely did pace. 
Spenser, T. Q., I. x. 8. 
matronship (ma'trqn-ship or mat'ron-ship), n. 
[< matron + -ship.]' The office of matron of a 
hospital or other institution. Lancet, No. 3422, 
p. til 1 of Adv'ts. 
matronymic (mat-ro-nim'ik), a. and n. [= It. 
matrommico, < L. mater, Gr. itfirtp* mother, + 
Gr. 6wfia, dvoua, name.] I. a. Pertaining to 
or being a name derived from a mother or ma- 
ternal ancestor. 
H. . 1. A name derived from a mother or 
maternal ancestor: correlative to patronymic. 
If it be a clear sign of exclusive female kinship that 
children should take the mother's family name, it is. a 
fortiori, a note of it that they should be called by a mat- 
ronymic. J. F. M'Lennan, Studies In A nc. Hist , p. S89. 
2. A word of a form used for matrouymic 
designation ; a matronymic formation. 
Inverse matrix to a given matrix, the matrix of trans- Agenitiveandnossessivecasalsumx.variantof a/.which 
formation from the set of variables to which the direct " used as a matronymic. 
matrix transforms to the set from which it transforms. The Academy, Jan. 14, 1888, p. 29. 
Also called reciprwal matrix. Invertebrate matrix, a matrnQQfiim trr>M ti f a //>, < n 
square matrix hosc principal diagonal contains MroT- maWOSS (iiM-trps ), n. [<*. morrow. < D. ma- 
Latent roots of a matrix. See intent. Matrix of '''""" = hw - Dan - matron, a sailor, irreg. < F. 
the type q x p, a matrix with p columns and q rows, matfiot, a sailor, seaman, a corruption of *m- 
matter 
tenot, < Icel. motunautr, messmate, compan- 
ion, < matr (= E. meat) + nautr = AS. <ji i,mi. 
companion (see <jt unit').] Formerly, one of tin- 
soldiers in a train of artillery who were next 
to the gunners, and assisted them in loading, 
firing, and sponging the guns. They carried 
firelocks, and marched witb the store-wagons 
as guards and assistants. 
matsu (mats), . [Jap. matsu ; pine.] The most 
common tree of Japan, a pine which attains 
great age and size, 1'inux Massoniana. it li a 
fine tree for avenues, and its wood Is valuable for house- 
carpentry and furniture. 
matt, "., H. , and v. See mat 3 . 
mattacbint, n. See mataehin. 
mattagesst, mattagesset, n. See matagatse. 
mattamore (mat'a-mor), n. [< F. iniiliimnr, . 
< Ar. mvtmur, a ditch, a cavern or other sub- 
terranean place in which corn is laid up.] In 
the East, a subterranean repository for wheat. 
matte (mat), . [F., < G. matt, dull, dim: see 
unit'-':] In metal., a product of the smelting 
of sulphureted ores, obtained in the process 
which next follows the roasting. The object of 
this process la to remove the oxld of iron present In the 
roasted ore, by causing It to combine with silica, with 
which It forms a fusible slag. Also called regului and 
coarse metal. 
In F.ngllsh copper-works the word metal Is commonly 
used to denote compounds of this kind, that of regulus be- 
ing applied In a speclHc sense to certain kinds of metal. 
1 shall, however, adopt the word regulus as a generic appel- 
lation for such products. The Germans designate regulus 
by the synonymous terms Stein and Lech, and the French 
by the term matte. Percys Metallurgy, I. 44. 
matted (mat'ed), p. a. [< maft + -etf*.] Cov- 
ered with mats or matting. [Rare.] 
If the inatfi'tl things fright you on the same account 
[the danger of fire), the coverings may be taken off, and 
laid by In some dry place. Oray, Letters, L 888. 
matter (mat'r), n. [< ME. matter, mattere, 
mater, matere, < OF. mattere, matere, matire = 
F. matiere = Sp. Pg. It. materia = D. G. Dan. 
tnaterie = Sw. materia, matter (= vernacular 
Sp. madcra = Pg. madeira, wood, > ult. E. Ma- 
deira), < L. materia, also materies, stuff, matter 
of which anything is composed, wood, timber, 
etc., lit. 'material of which anything is formed 
or made'; with formative -ter, from the root 
ma, Ski. / ma, form, build, make, arrange, 
same as y* ><*< measure: see mete'-. Cf. L. 
mater, mother, manus, hand, usually referred to 
the same root: see mother^, main^.] 1. Sen- 
sible substance ; that which offers resistance 
to touch or muscular effort; that which can 
be moved, strained, broken, comminuted, or 
otherwise modified, but which cannot be de- 
stroyed or produced ; that which reacts against 
forces, is permanent, and preserves its identity 
under all changes. Matter has three states of 
aggregation, the solid, the liquid, and the gas- 
eous. See solid, liquid, gas, and ether 1 . 
One and the same quantity of matter remains invariable 
In nature, without addition or diminution. 
Bacon, Physical Fables, I., ExpL 
Matter being a divisible substance, consisting always of 
separable, nay of actually separate and distinct parts, 'tla 
plain that, unless It were essentially conscious. In which 
case every particle of matter must consist of innumerable, 
separate, and distinct consciousneMei, no system of it In 
any possible composition or division can be any individual 
conscious being. Clarice, To ilr. l)odwell. 
According to the definition I have proposed, Matter, and 
the changes of Matter, mean the Felt, and the change* of 
the Felt ; and all our knowledge of Matter is In Feeling, 
and the changes of Feeling. 
O. B. Leu-e*, Probs. of Life and Mind, II. Iv. | 88. 
MI that we know about mnii.-r Is that It Is the hypothet- 
ical substance of physical phenomena. 
Huxley, Sensation and Senaiferons Organs. 
2. Inphilos. : (a) That which is in itself no- 
thing definite, but is the subject of change and 
development, and by receiving a form becomes 
a substance; that out of which anything is 
made. See form. Matter In this sense (a translation 
of Aristotle's word vAi), originally wood) It termed by the 
scholastics matter ex qua (out of whlchX to distinguish It 
from matter circum quam (concerning whichx or the object 
of any action or power, as well as from mat'er in qua (In 
which), or the subject of any attribute. 
Generally matter is divided into that out of which, In 
which, and about which : that out of which Is that which 
is properly so called ; In which the subject ; about which 
the object Buryersdieiui, tr. by a Gentleman. 
Mattfr unform'd and void. MOtm, P. L., Tit 238. 
(6) Extended substance. Descartes, (c) In 
the Kantian terminology, that which receives 
forms; especially, that element of cognition 
which comes to us from without; that which dis- 
tinguishes a particular cognition from others; 
the purely sensuous part, independent of the 
representations of space and time and of every 
