mineral 
that one of the three grand divisions of natural objects 
which consists of minerals or inorganic bodies, and of 
which mineralogy is the science, as distinguished from 
the vegetable and animal kingdom*. Mineral oil. Same 
Askerosene. Mineral pitch, a solid softish bitumen. See 
agphaltum, and elastic mineral pitch, under elastic. Min- 
eral salt, a salt of a mineral acid. Mineral solution, 
3774 
mineralogically (min"e-ra-loj'i-kal-i), adv. Ac- 
cording to the principles of, or with reference 
to, mineralogy. 
mineralogist (min-e-ral'o-jist), n. [= F. mi- 
nt : rtilf>gintt; = Sp. Pg" It. mineralogista; as min- 
' ----- + _js;.] l. One who is versed in the 
tallow. SameasAate/wttoX 1. Mineral tar, in mineral., 
bitumen of the consistency of tar. See maltha and bitu- 
men. Mineral waters, a name given to certain spring- 
waters so far impregnated with foreign substances as to 
have a decided taste and a peculiar operation on the phys- 
ical economy. The ingredients contained in the princi- 
pal mineral springs of the United States are gases, carbon- 
ates, sulphates, chlorids, oxid of iron, and silica. Mineral 
waters may in most cases be imitated artificially. Min- 
eral wax. Same as ozocm'te. Mineral wool. Seemt'n- 
eral cotton. Mineral yellow, a pigment made of oxid 
and chlorid of lead, obtained by digesting powdered lith- 
arge in a solution of common salt, washing, drying, and 
fusing the product. Also known as Turner's yellow, Mont- 
pellier yellow, Camel yellow, patent yellow. 
mineral-dresser (min'e-ral-dres"er), M. A 
small machine for trimming geological speci- 
mens. It consists of a strong frame with two opposed 
chisels, between which the specimen is placed ; one of the 
chisels, after being adjusted at the proper distance, re- 
mains fixed, while the other, which is attached to a lever 
worked by a screw, is pressed with great force against it. 
mineral-holder (miu'e-ral-hoFder). n. A de- 
vice for exposing small pieces of stone, ores, 
etc., under a microscope. It consists of two 
clamps or spindles pivoted so that the object 
held in them can be revolved readily. 
mineralisable, mineralisation, etc. See min- 
eralizal>le, etc. 
mineralist (min'e-ral-ist), n. [< F. mineraliste 
= It. mineralista; as mineral + -int.] One 
who studies or is skilled in minerals; a min- 
eralogist. 
It is the part of a mineralist both to discover new mines 
and to work those that are already discovered. 
Boyle, Origin of Forms, Proemial Discourse. 
A mine-digger may meet with a gem or a mineral which 
he knows not what to make of till he shews it a jeweller 
or a mineralist. Boyle. 
mineralizable (min'e-ral-i-za-bl), a. [< min- 
eralize + -able.'] Capable of being mineralized. 
Also spelled mineralisable. 
mineralization(min"e-ral-i-za'shon), 11. [=F. 
mineralisation = Sp. mtneralizacion = Pg. mine- 
ralisacSo = It. mineralizzazione ; as mineralize 
+ -ation. ] The act or process of mineralizing ; 
the process of converting or being converted 
into a mineral, as a metal into an oxid, sul- 
phuret, or other ore. The conversion of vegetable 
matter into coal is not properly mineralization, although 
sometimes so called. Proper mineralization of vegetable 
matter does take place, however, as when wood is converted 
into opal, or becomes silicifled, as very frequently happens 
under certain conditions. This is commonly and properly 
called fo&sttization or petrifaction, and more rarely miner- 
alization. Also spelled mineralisation. 
Some phenomena seem to imply that the mineralization 
must proceed with considerable rapidity, for stems of a 
soft and succulent character, and of a most perishable na- 
ture, are preserved in flint. 
Lyell, Elements of Oeology, I. 92. 
mineralize (min'e-ral-iz), '. ; pret. and pp. min- 
eralized, ppr. mineralizing. [= F. mineraliser = 
Sp. Pg. mineralizar = It. mineralizzare ; as min- 
eral -r -ize.] I. trans. To change from the 
metallic character to that of an ore. Thus tin, 
a white metal, becomes very dark-colored and unmetallic 
in appearance when mineralized by oxygen, as it is in the 
common ore of that metal. 
II. intrans. To go on a mineralogical excur- 
sion; make an excursion with the view of col- 
lecting minerals. 
Also spelled mineralise. 
mineralizer (min'e-ral-i-zer), . A substance 
or agent that mineralizes ; a substance that 
combines with a metal to form an ore. The 
principal mineralizer is sulphur, and combinations of the 
metals with this substance form the most common ores, 
especially at some depth below the surface. Near the sur- 
face the sulphureted ores are usually found to have been 
changed to oxids and carbonates. Some metals (as tin) 
are almost exclusively mineralized by oxygen ; others (as 
iron) are extensively mineralized by both oxygen and sul- 
phur. Arsenic, antimony, and chlorin are other important 
mineralizers. Some metals (as silver) exist in combina- 
tions containing sulphur, arsenic, and antimony, all com- 
bined with the metal to form one mineral species. Also 
spelled mineraliser. 
Silver, tin, copper, lead, zinc, and iron are obtained al- 
most exclusively in the form of ores that is, in combina- 
tion with a mineralizer, of which the most common one is 
sulphur. 
J. D. Whitney, Metallic Wealth of the United States, p. 81. 
mineralogic (min"e-ra-loj'ik), a. [= F. mmera- 
\ogique = Sp. mineratogico = Pg. mineralogico ; 
as mineralogy + -ic.] Same as mineralogical. 
mineralogical (min"e-ra-loj'i-kal), a. ['< iniii- 
i'1'alogic -r -</?.] Pertaining to mineralogy or 
the science of minerals: as, a mincraloi/ical 
table. 
i of minerals, or one who treats or dis- 
courses of the properties of mineral bodies. 
The exactest mineralogists have rejected it. 
Sir T. Browne, Vulg. Err., ii. 1. 
2. In conch., a conchologist or carrier-shell; 
any member of the family Xenophorida; (or 
Phoridte). See cut under carrier-shell. 
mineralogize (min-e-ral'o-jiz), v. i. ; pret. and 
pp. mineralogized, ppr. mineratogizing. [< min- 
eralog-y + -ize.] To collect miueralogical spe- 
cimens ; study mineralogy. 
He was botanizing or mineralogizing with O'Toole's 
chaplain. Miss Edgeworth, Ennui, xi. 
mineralogy (min-e-ral'o-ji), n. [< F. m'niera- 
logie (> Sp. mineralogia' = Pg. It. mineralogia), 
for "mineralologie, < mineral, mineral, + Gr. 
-Aoyia, < "Keyuv, speak : see -olpgy.] The science 
which treats of the properties of mineral spe- 
cies (see mineral), which teaches how to char- 
acterize, distinguish, and classify them, and 
which investigates their occurrence in nature 
with reference to their mode of formation (par- 
agenesis) and the alteration which they may 
have undergone. Taken broadly, it includes also, as a 
branch, lithology, the object of which is the investigation 
of minerals in their mutual relations as parts of rock- 
masses. The investigation of rock-masses with respect to 
their history or occurrence as parts of the crust of the earth 
belongs to geology. Chemical mineralogy, the investi- 
gation of the chemical composition of minerals, their meth- 
od of formation, and the changes they undergo when acted 
upon chemically either in the laboratory or in nature. 
Descriptive mineralogy, that branch of the science of 
mineralogy which is devoted to the description of the phys- 
ical and chemical properties of mineral species. Deter- 
minative mineralogy, that branch of the science of min- 
eralogy which has asitsobject the determination of mineral 
species by means of appropriately arranged tables, based 
upon their physical and chemical characters. Physical 
mineralogy, the science of the physical properties of 
minerals that is, of their properties as related to cohe- 
sion, heat, light, electricity, etc. It includes, as special 
branches, crystallography and optical mineralogy. 
Minerva (mi-ner'va), . [L. Minerva, OL. 
Menerva, Etruscan Menerfa; prob.,with forma- 
tive -ra, (. 'menes- = Gr. /uevof, mind, spirit, 
force, etc.,< y men-, think, as found in men(t-)s, 
mind, meminisse, remember, etc.: see mind 1 , n.] 
In Rom. myth., one of the three chief divinities, 
the other two being Jupiter and Juno. The chief 
seat of the cult of all three was the great temple on the 
Capitoline HilL Minerva was a virgin, the daughter of 
Jupiter, the supreme god, and hence was identified, as the 
Romans came more and more under the influence of Hel- 
lenic culture, with the Greek Athene (or Athena), or Pallas, 
the goddess of wisdom, of war, and of the liberal arts. Like 
Athene, Minerva was represented in art with a grave and 
majestic countenance, armed with helmet, shield, and 
spear, and wearing long full drapery, and on her breast 
the aegis. See cut under Athene. Bird Of Minerva, the 
owl. Minerva Press, a printing-press formerly in Lead- 
enhall Street, London ; also, a class of ultra-sentimental 
novels, remarkable for their intricate plots, published from 
about 1790 to 1810 at this press, and other productions of 
similar character. 
minervalt (mi-ner'val), n. [< F. minerval, tui- 
tion fees, < L. minerval, a gift in return for in- 
struction, < Minerva, the goddess of wisdom: 
see Minerva.'] Entrance-money given for teach- 
ing. Bailey, 1731. 
The chief minerval which he bestowed upon that society. 
Bp. Hacket, Abp. Williams, I. 96. 
mineryt (mi'ner-i), . [< mine 2 + -ery.] Mines 
collectively; a mining district or its belong- 
ings ; a quarry. 
Neere this we were shew'd a hill of illume, where is one 
of the best mineries, yielding a considerable revenue. 
Evelyn, Diary, Feb. 7, 1645. 
minette (mUnef), n. [F.] A form of syenite 
in which brown mica predominates. 
minevert, . An obsolete form of miniver. 
ming 1 (ming), v.; pret. and pp. minged, older 
forms meint, ment. [Early mod. E. also inini/c. 
meng; (. ME. mingen, mengen, myngen (pp. meng- 
ed, meynd, meint, meynt), < AS. mengan = OS. 
mengian = OFries. mengia, menzia = D. MLG. 
mengen = OHG. mengan, MHG. G. mengen = 
Icel. menga = Sw. manga = Dan. masngc, mix, 
mingle ; associated with AS. gemang, gem/nig, 
a mingled throng, crowd, assembly (whence on 
gemang, on gemong, or simply gemang, gemiing, 
among: see among), = G. gemenge,a crowd (see 
mong 1 ), from a root not found outside of Teut., 
unless it be a nasalized form with diff. vowel of 
the root of mix, which is improbable. No con- 
nection with many can be made out. Hence 
mingle.] I. trans. 1. To mix; mingle. 
mingle 
Of erthe and eir hit is mad i-medelet to-gedere, 
With wynt and with watur ful wittiliche i-meint. 
Piers Plowman (A), x. 4. 
Take juce of henbane 
With soure aysell, and hem togeder menffeth. 
Palladia*, Husbondrie (E. E. T. S.), p. 32. 
And so together he would minge his pride and povertee. 
Kendall's Poem* (1577), (i 1. (Nares.) 
Till with his elder brother Themis 
His brackish waves be meynt. 
Spenser, Shep. Cal., July. 
2. To trouble ; disturb. 
II. intrans. To mix; mingle. 
With the Scottis gan he menge, and stifly stode in stoure. 
Rob. of Brunne, p. 298. 
Which never mings 
With other stream. 
Sir A. Gorge, tr. of Lucan. (Sares.) 
[Obsolete or prov. Eng. in all uses.] 
ming 1 !, [Alsojn</e; < ming 1 , r.] Mixture. 
Like the ore in the ile Choos, which is pure in the minge 
but dross in the furnace. 
Greene, Tritameron of Love (1587). 
ming 2 t (ming), v. [Also minge; < ME. mingen, 
mengen, mungen, munegen, < AS. mynegian, mi/n- 
gian, gemynegian (cf. OHG. bi-munigon), bring 
to mind, have in mind, myne, mind, gemyne, 
mindful, < gemunan, remember (see m ine s ) ; 
mixed in ME. with AS. myndgian, gemi/ndgian, 
bear in mind, put in mind, < gemynd, mind: see 
mind*.] I. trans. To speak of; mention; tell; 
relate. 
Hee minges his metyng amonges hem all, 
And what it might beetoomeane the menne gan hee ask. 
Alisaunder of M acedoi ne (E. E. T. S.X 1. 839. 
Could never man work thee a worser shame 
Than once to minge thy father's odious name. 
Bp. Hall, Satires, IV. ii. 80. 
II. intrans. To speak; tell; talk; discourse. 
Than tid on a time as this tale minges, 
That William went til this gardin his wo fort slake. 
William of Palerne (E. E. T. S.), 1. 787. 
mingle (ming'gl), .; pret. and pp. mingled, ppr. 
mingling. [Early mod. E. also mingil, mengle ; 
< ME. 'mengelen (not found) = D. mengelcn = 
MHG. G. mengeln, in comp. vermengeln, mingle ; 
freq. of wiinorl.] I. trans. 1. To mix; blend; 
combine intimately ; form a combination of. 
They gave him vinegar to drink mingled with gall. 
Mat. xvii. 34. 
We'll mingle our bloods together in the earth. 
Shak., Pericles, i. 2. 118. 
I should advise all English-men that intend to travell 
into Italy, to mingle their wine with water. 
Coryat, Crudities, I. 96. 
He looked at her with an expression of mingled incre- 
dulity and mortification. 
Jane Atisten, Pride and Prejudice, p. 165. 
2. To form by mixing or blending ; combine the 
parts or ingredients of; compound or concoct. 
Men of strength to mingle strong drink. Isa. T. 22. 
Flowers of more mingled hue 
Than her purfled scarf can shew. 
Milton, Comus, 1. 994. 
3. Tobringintorelationorassociation; connect 
or conjoin. 
Those that mingle reason with your passion 
\] usi be content to think you old. 
Shak., Lear, ii. 4. 238. 
I owe you so much of my health, as I would not mingle 
you in any occasion of impairing it. Donne, Letters, vi. 
4. To confuse ; impair or spoil by mixture with 
something. 
This is the mark at the which the devil shooteth, to 
evacuate the cross of Christ, and to mingle the institution 
of the Lord's supper. Latimer, Sermon of the Plough. 
The best of us appear contented with a mingled imper- 
fect virtue. Rogers, Sermons. 
= Syn. 1 and 2. Mingle, Mix, Blend. Mingle and mix are 
often quite synonymous; where they differ, mix is likely 
to be found to indicate a more complete loss of individu- 
ality by that which is joined with something else. Blend 
vividly suggests the joining of two or more colors to form, 
a third, and so a passing of two or more sounds, qualities, 
or the like into each other in such a way as to produce a 
result partaking of the qualities of each. 
II. intrans. 1. To be or become joined, com- 
bined, or mixed; enter into combination or in- 
timate relation: as, to mingle with society; oil 
and water will not mingle. 
What, girl ! though grey 
Do something mingle with our younger brown, yet ha' we 
A brain that nourishes our nerves. 
Shak., A. and C., iv. 8. 19. 
I heard the wrack, 
As earth and sky would ininale. 
Milton, P. R., iv. 453. 
2. To be formed by mixing or blending. [Rare.] 
The snn doth stand 
Beneath the mingling line of night and day. 
Jones Very, Poems, p. 39. 
= Syn. See I. 
