mocking-bird 
being greatest In the male. The nest Is placed In trees 
and Inislies, itnil it* bulky and in;utisti built of twigs, 
grass, leaves, etc. The eggs are hlnish green, heavily 
freckled with various brownish shades ; they are 4 to 6 111 
number, measuring on an average 1 inch by 0.75 inch. See 
Mimiiux. 
mockingly (mok'ing-U), adv. In a mocking or 
jeering iiminirr; with ridicule, derision, orcon- 
tompt; so as to disappoint, deceive, or cheat. 
" Let 's meete," quoth Eccho, macicinffly. 
Warner, Albion's England, Ix. 45. 
mocking-stockt (mok'iug-stok), . A laugh- 
ing-stock ; a butt. 
None of vs . . . [but) shall be a itutcking-gtucke to our 
enemies. ./. Brende, tr. of Qulntus Curtius, vi. 
Not prophanes nor wlckednes, but Religion it selfe Is a 
byword, a mtikintjxtock, & a matter of reproach. 
Ferkinx, quoted in Bradford's Plymouth Plantation, p. <i. 
mocking-wren (mok'ing-ren), n. An American 
wren of the genus Thryotltorut, such as the 
Carolina wren ( T. ludovician us) or Bewick's wren 
(T. bewicki). 
mockish (mok'ish), a. [< jwocfri + -ish*.] 
Mock ; sham. 
After this tnockiuhe clecclon, then was he crowned. 
Sir T. More, Works, p. 67. 
mock-orange (mok'or'anj), . 1. Any plant of 
the genus Philadelphus, but especially P. coro- 
nariuH. Its fragrance in blossom resembles that 
of orange-flowers. See yyringa. 2. See wild 
orange, under orange. 
mock-shadow (moic'shad'o), . Twilight. Hal- 
lin-i-n. [Prov. Eng.] 
mock-thrush (mok'thrush), . A bird of the 
subfamily Miminte; especially, one of the genus 
Harporhynrhuii, as the thrasher, II. rufus. 
mock-turtle (mok'ter'tl), a. Imitating turtle 
(soup) : only in the phrase mock-turtle soup (an 
imitation of turtle soup made with calf's head). 
mock- velvet (mok'vel'vet), w. A fabric made 
in imitation of velvet; especially, such a fabric 
in common use in the sixteenth and seventeenth 
centuries, supposed to be the same as moccado. 
Hee weares his apparell much after the fashion ; his 
means will not suffer him to come too nigh ; they afford 
him mock-velvet, or satinfsco. 
Sir T. Overtmry, Characters, M 6 b. (Naret.) 
mocmain (mok'man), n. [Appar. of E. Ind. 
or Chin, origin; perhaps < Chin, muh (= Jap. 
moku), tree, + mien (= Jap. men), cotton.] A 
white shining fiber of great lightness and elas- 
ticity, produced by the silk-cotton plant Bom- 
box Malabaricum. Mocmain truss, a trass stuffed 
with this fiber. 
moco (mo'ko), n. [Braz.] A Brazilian rodent 
of the family Cariida; ; the rock-cavy, Cavia rti- 
pestris. 
mocuddum (mo-kud'um), n. [Also mokuddum, 
mocuddim, prop, mukaddam, < Hind, muqad- 
dam, a chief, leader; as adj., preceding; < Ar. 
qawada, lead.] In India, a head man. Specif- 
ically (a) The head man of a village, responsible for the 
collection of the revenue. (M The head man of a gang of 
laborers or body of peons. Yule and Burnett. 
modt, A Middle English form of mood 1 . 
mod. An abbreviation (a) of modern; (b) in 
music, of modern to. 
modal (mo'dal), a. and . [= F. Sp. Pg. modal 
= It. modale, \ ML. modalis, pertaining to a 
mode, < L. modus, mode: see mode 1 , n.] I. a. 
1. Pertaining to or affected by a mode ; relat- 
ing to the mode or manner, and not to the sub- 
stance. 
When we speak of faculties of the soul, we assert not 
with the schools their real distinction from It, but only a 
modal diversity. Olanville, Vanity of Dogmatizing, ill. 
Specifically 2. Of or pertaining to a gram- 
matical mode. 
Other verb-phrases, of a modal meaning, are made with 
the auxiliary verbs may, can, must, and ought. 
Whitney, Essentials of Eng. Grammar, U 291. 
All those adjectives which have a modal secondary force 
are future. Amer. Jour. Philol., X. 40. 
Modal abstraction, the fixing of the attention upon one 
particular mode of the object of imagination, to the neglect 
of the others : opposed to partial abstraction, by which, 
for example, we may think of the head of an animal with- 
out thinking of the rest of the body. Modal categorical. 
See categorical. Modal composition*, the composition 
of an ens with one of those modes which are In their own 
nature distinguished from the ens, Modal distinc- 
tion!, a distinction by which one and the same thing is dis- 
tinguished from itself by its possession of diverse modes, 
as the distinction of Philip drunk from Philip sober: a 
formalistic phrase, Modal enunciation. See enuncia- 
tion. Modal identity!, cither the absence of modal dis- 
tinction, or the identity of a mode of things which in:i> i>e 
really distinct. Modal proposition, a proposition in 
which the predicate is affirmed of the subject under some 
qiialilU'iition : but the term is :i]most always confined to 
propositions in which some fact is said to be possible, con- 
tingent, necessary, or impossible. Modal syllogism, a 
syllogism one of whose premises is a modal proposition. 
II, n. A modal proposition. 
3811 
Their characteristic property as modal* belongs to form 
rather than to matter; and Aristotle ought not to be con- 
sulereil an unphilottiphlcal for Introducing them Into the 
Orgamm. (Jrute, Aristotle, Iv. 
Conjunct modal. See conjunct. Disjunct modal. 
See dityuitct. 
modalism (mo'dal-izra), . [< modal + -ism.] 
In tliciil.. the doctrine, adopted by Sabellius in 
the third century, that the Father, the Son, and 
the Holy Spirit are different manifestations of 
one and the same person. 
The orthodox doctrine of the Trinity stands between 
tritheism and modalunn, now leaning to the one, now to 
the other, when eitlur the tripersonality or the unity is 
emphasized. P. Schaf, Christ and Christianity, p. 68. 
modalist (mo'dal-ist), n. [< modal + -int.] In 
tin a/., (mo who holds or professes modalism. 
modalistic (mo-da-lis'tik), a. [< modalist + 
-ic.] In i/i'n/., of or pertaining to modalism. 
The presbyter Hlppolytus was successful in convincing 
the leaders of that church that the Mmlalittic doctrine, 
taken in its strictness, was contrary to Scripture. 
llarnaek, Encyc. Brit, XXI. 127. 
modality (mo-dal'i-ti), n.; pi. modalities (-tiz). 
[= F. modaliM = Pg. modalidade = It. modaliU'i, 
< ML. moilulita(t-)s, < modalis, modal: see mo- 
dal.] 1. The fact of being a mode. 2. A de- 
termination of an accident; a mode. 
These excellencies are of more real and eternal worth 
than the angelical manner of moving so In an Instant, and 
those other forms and modalttiet of their knowledge and 
volition. Jrr. Taylor, Works (ed. 1835), II. 194. 
3. Mode in the logical sense ; that wherein 
problematical, assertoric, and apodictic judg- 
ments are distinguished. 
Lastly, under the head of Modality, we have seen that 
all phenomena, as objects, are in themselves contingent, 
or only hypothetically necessary, I. e. necessary on the 
presupposition of the existence of something else. 
K. Caird, Philos. of Kant, p. 564. 
Just as the adjectives which contain the modal force of 
possibility can lose this modality, so also certain adjectives 
can assume the same, although the modality was not origi- 
nally in them. Amer. Jour. Philol., X. 44. 
4. In rii-il law, the quality of being limited as 
to time or place of performance, or, more loose- 
ly, of being suspended by a condition : said of 
a promise. 5f. Same as modalism. 
To object that the faith in the Holy Trinity obliges us 
to as greate a difficulty as the Pontiflclan modalitie is very 
trifling, since that is onely matter of bellefe indefinite. 
We are not required to explaine the manner of the mys- 
terie. Evelyn, To Rev. Father Patrick. 
Adverbial modality. See adverbial. Categories of 
modality. See category, 1. 
modally (mo'dal-i), "/'-. In a modal manner ; 
in a manner or relation expressing or indicating 
a mode or form; as regards mode or manner. 
moddert, n. Same as mouther. 
mode 1 (mod), n. [Also, in grammar, logic, and 
music, mood; also, as mere L., modus; in ME. 
moede (dot. 8), < OF. *moed, meuf, later mode, F. 
mode, manner, way, mode, style, fashion, = Sp. 
Pg. It. modo, manner, mode (also Sp. Pg. It. 
moda, f., fashion, < F.) (cf. D. mode = Gr. mode 
= Sw. mod = Dan. mode, style, fashion, < F.; G. 
Sw. Dan. modus, in grammar, < L.), < L. modus, 
measure, due measure, rhythm, melody, etc., 
manner, way, mode, mode in grammar, etc.; 
akin to E. mete 1 . The form mood, as used, along 
with mode, in grammar, music, and logic, is 
prob. due in part to some confusion with mood 1 , 
as if 'an attitude of mind.'] 1. A manner of 
acting or doing ; way of performing or effect- 
ing anything; method; way. 
A table richly spread in regal mode. 
Milton, f. R., ii. 340 
What mode* of sight between each wide extreme ! 
Pope, Essay on Man, f. 211. 
Ring in the nobler mode* of life, 
With sweeter manners, purer laws. 
Tennyunn, In Memoriam, cvi. 
2. Customary manner ; prevailing style ; fash- 
ion. 
It was grown a Mode to be vicious, and they had rather 
be damned than be out of the fashion. 
Ktittiny fleet, Sermons, I. xiL 
To White Hall, and In the garden spoke to my Lord 
Sandwich, who is In his gold-buttoned suit, as the mode 
is, and looks nobly. Pepyt, Diary, II. 8. 
If after this we look on the people of mode in the coun- 
try, we find in them the manners of the last age. 
Addifon. Country Manners. 
3. In gram., the designation, by the form of 
the verb, of the manner of our conception of 
an event or fact, whether as certain, contin- 
gent, possible, desirable, or the like. The modes 
of the English verb are the indicative, tubfunctive, and im- 
perative ; and other verbal phrases are usually called by 
the name of modes, as potential, conditional, and so on. 
See these terms. Also commonly, but less properly, mood. 
4. The natural disposition or the manner of 
existence or action of anything; a form: as, 
mode 
heat is a mode of motion; reflection is a mode 
of consciousness. 
There Is something in things which neither i the tiling 
Itself, nor another thing, nor yet nothing, but a certain 
medium betwixt them both. And this used to be called 
a mode : for example, A degree of quality Is not quality, 
nor yet Is It wholly nothing, but a mode. 
Burgertdiciut, tr. by a Gentleman. 
A mode is the manner of existence of a thing. Take, 
for example, a piece of wax. The wax may be round or 
square or of any other definite figure ; It may also be solid 
or fluid. Its existence in any of thesu mode* it not essen- 
tial ; It may change from one to another without any sub- 
stantial alteration. As the mode cannot exist without a 
substance, we can accord to It only a secondary or pre- 
carious existence In relation to the substance, to which 
we accord the privilege of existing by itself, per se eil- 
tere ; but though the substance be not astricted to any 
particular mode of existence, we must not suppose that it 
can exist, or at least be conceived by us to exist. In none. 
All moda are therefore variable states ; and though some 
mode is necessary for the existence of a thing, any Individ- 
ual mode Is accidental. Sir W. Hamilton, Metaph., riii. 
I am ... assured that those moda of consciousness 
which I call perceptions and Imaginations, In as far only 
as they are mode* of consciousness, exist In me. 
Detcartet, Meditations (tr. by Veitch), ill. 
Where the substantiality of tiod, as the "highest mo- 
nad," Is Insisted on, the finite monads become mere modtt 
of his existence. K. Caird, Philos. of Kant, p. 82. 
That mode or process of the Moral Faculty which we 
call Conscience. //. Sidgicick, Methods of Ethics, p. 341. 
5. A combination of ideas. See the quota- 
tions. 
Modes I call such complex Ideas, which, however com- 
pounded, contain not in them the supposition of subsist- 
ing by themselves, but are considered as dependencies on 
or affections of substances. 
Locke, Human Understanding, II. xll. 14. 
There are some \mode\ which are only variations or dif- 
ferent combinations of the same simple idea, ... as a 
dozen, or score: which are nothing but the Ideas of so 
many distinct units added together : and these I call sim- 
ple modes, as being contained within the bounds of one 
simple idea. Locke. Human I'nderstandlng, II. xil. 5. 
Combinations of simple Ideas of different kinds I have 
called " mixed mndet." 
Locke, Human Understanding, II. xU. 6. 
6. In logic: (a) A modification or determina- 
tion of a proposition with reference to possibil- 
ity and necessity. (6) A variety of syllogism. 
See mood 2 , the more usual but less proper form. 
Tlndall would be fayne wit in what figure it is made ; he 
shal flnde In the first figure and In the third mode. 
Sir T. More, Works, p. 504. 
(c) The consignificate of a part of speech. (d) 
An accidental determination. 7. In music: 
(a) A species or form of scale ; a method of di- 
viding the interval of the octave for melodic 
purposes; an arrangement of tones within an 
octave at certain fixed intervals from each other. 
Three great systems of modes are to be distinguished the 
ancient Greek, the Gregorian, medieval, or ecclesiastical. 
and the modern. These three were successively derived 
from each other, but with noteworthy changes of both 
principle and nomenclature. (1) In the Greek system each 
mode consisted of two tetrachords (two whole steps and 
one half-step in each) plus one whole step (the diazeiictlc 
tone). The nature ana the name of the mode varied ac- 
cording to the tetrachord used as a basis and according to 
the position of the diazeuctic tone, or, in other words, ac- 
cording to the relative order of the whole steps and half- 
steps. When the diazenctic tone lay between the two com- 
ponent tetrachords, the mode was named simply from the 
tetrachord used the mode containing Dorian tetrachords 
was called Dorian or Boric, etc. ; but when It lay below or 
above both of them, the prefixes hypo- and hjtper- respec- 
tively were added, AKlIypophrj/f/ian, flitperlydian,etc. Be- 
low Is a table of the nine original modes, reckoned up- 
ward, the whole steps being indicated by , the half-steps 
by w, the constituent tetrachords by . , and the dia 
cenctlc tone by + : 
I. Dorian, "w * 
n. Phrygian, - ) -. 
III. Lydlan, . w_ w 
IV. Hypodorlan, or JSolian, * * w * 
V. Hypophryglan, Ionian, or lastian, 
VI. Hypolydian,' 
VII. Hyperdorian, or MIxolydlan, 
VIII. Hyperphrygian, or Locrlan, 
IX. Hyperlydian, 
These modes were embodied In scales of about two octaves, 
sometimes called tranipoeinff Kalct, which were more or 
less susceptible of transposition. By the later theorists fif- 
teen such scales were recognized, each derived from one of 
the foregoing modes, and beginning at a different pitch, 
each a half-step higher than the preceding. These scales, 
though not always differing from each other in mode, but 
only in relative pitch, were also called modet, and were 
named like the modes themselves. Assuming the lowest 
