mold-stone 
mold-Stone (mold'ston), n. The jamb-stone of 
a door or window. 
mold-turner (mold'ter''ner), . A maker of 
metal frames or shapes. Siannoiidx. 
moldwarp, mouldwarp (mold' warp), n. [Also 
molewarp; cf. dial, molwart, moodiewart, moudie- 
icttrt, etc.; < ME. molilwarp, moldwerp, molde- 
irttrp, moldewerp, nioleirarpe, molwarpe (= MD. 
molirorp, mulworji, molieorm, D. molworp = 
MLG. molworm, LG. mulworp, mohvorm = OHG. 
iiiol f it-erf, HiHllirtirf, moltwerfc, m-uuterf, MHG. 
moltwerf, moltwerfe, mttlwerf, mitltcelf, murwerf, 
G. maulwurf = leel. moldvarpa = Sw. mullvad 
= Dan. muldvarp), < AS. moMe, the earth, dust, 
+ weorpau, throw: see moldi and warp. Cf. 
mole 2 .'] The mole, Talpa europcea. See mole 2 . 
[Now only prov. Eng.] 
Ffor moldewarpes cattes is to kepe, 
To ligge in waite to touche with her cle. 
Palladius, Husbondde (E. E. T. S.), p. 109. 
In this, as Olendour persuaded them, they thought they 
should accomplish a Prophecy ; as tho' King Henry were 
the Mmtldwarp cursed of Ood's own Mouth. 
Baiter, Chronicles, p. 161. 
moldy 1 , mouldy 1 (mol'di), a. [< mold? + -y*, 
taking the place of the p. a. mold 2 , mould 2 , and 
of the ME. mowly, < moulen, mold : see mold?, 
mould 2 .'] Overgrown or filled with mold; mil- 
dewed; musty; fusty; decaying; stale. 
As the kynge sate at mete, all the brede waxe anone 
mowly and hoor, yt no man myght ete of it 
Golden Legend, fol. 65. 
Ulysses and old Nestor, whose wit was mouldy ere your 
grandsires had nails on their toes. 
Shak., T. and C, ill. 115. 
There was not 
So coy a beauty in the town but would, 
For half a mouldy biscuit, sell herself 
To a poor bisognion. 
Hassinger, Maid of Honour, iv. 1. 
moldy 2 , mouldy 2 (mol'di), . ; pi. moldies, moul- 
dies (-diz). [See moldwarp, mole 2 ."] A mole- 
catcher. [Prov. Eng.] 
moldy-hill, mouldy-hill (mol'di-hil), n. [Also 
dial, moaclie-liill ; < moldy 2 , mouldy 2 , + hill 1 .'] 
A mole-hill. [Prov. Eng.] 
He has pitch'd his sword in a moodie-hill, 
And he has leap'd twenty lang feet and three. 
Ortfrne and Bewick (Child's Ballads, III. 84). 
moldy-rat, mouldy-rat (mol'di-rat), n. A 
mole. [Prov. Eng.] 
mole 1 (mol), n. [Also dial. (Sc.) mail (in this 
form mixed with mail 1 , ult. < L. macula, a spot), 
also by some confusion maul, moil; < ME. mole, 
mool, < AS. mdl, mail, a spot, = OHG. MHG. 
meil, OHG. also meila, mcild, MHG. meile = 
Goth, mail, a spot, perhaps orig. *malial = L. 
macula, a spot ; whence macula, mantle, made, 
mackle, mail 1 . A diff. word from AS. mail = 
MD. mael, D. modi = OHG. MHG. mdl, G. mal, 
a mark, a point of time, time, = Goth, mel, a 
point of time: see meal 2 . Hence, by corrup- 
tion, mold 3 , mould 3 .'] 1. A spot; a stain, as on 
a garment. 
" Bi Criste," quod Conscience tho, " thi best cote, Haukyn, 
Hath many moles and spottes ; it moste ben ywashe." 
Piers Plowman (B), xiii. 31. 
One yron mole defaceth the whole peece of lawne. 
Lyly, Euphues, Auat. of Wit, p. 39. 
Specifically 2. A small permanent abnormal 
spot on the surface of the human body, usually 
of a dark color and slightly elevated, and often 
hairy; a pigmentary nsevus; also, a vascular 
nrevus. See naivus. 
On her left breast 
A mole cinque-spotted, like the crimson drops 
I' the bottom of a cowslip. 
Skak., Cymbeline, ii. 2. 38. 
Upon laying together all particulars, and examining the 
several males and marks by which the mother used to de- 
scribe the child when he was first missing, the boy proved 
to be the son of the merchant. Addimn, Spectator, No. 130. 
mole 1 ! (mol), f. t. [< ME. molen; < mole 1 , n."] 
To spot or stain. 
He had a cote of Crystendome as holykirke bileueth, 
Ac it was moled in many places with many sondri plottes. 
Of Pruyde here a plotte, and there a plotte of vnboxome 
speche. Piers Plowman (B), xiii. 275. 
mole 2 (mol), n. [Early mod. E. also mool, 
moule, mowle, mold, < ME. mol, molde, molle 
(= D. mol = MLG. mol, mul), appar. an abbr. 
of orig. molewarp, prop, moldwarp. Such ab- 
breviation so early as in the ME. period is not 
satisfactorily explained.] 1. An insectivo- 
rous mammal of the family Talpidw (which see 
for technical characters). There are at least 7 gen- 
era of moles, of which Talpa, Moyera, Parascaptw, and 
Scaptochirus are confined to the Old World, and Condy- 
lura, Scalvps, and Scapanus to America. The several spe- 
cies are much alike in general appearance and habits, all 
living under ground, where they burrow with wonder- 
3822 
fill facility, and construct galleries often of great extent 
and complexity. They are stout thick-set animals, usually 
6 or 8 inches long, with very small or rudimentary eyes 
and ears, sharp snout, no visible neck, strong and high- 
ly fossorial fore feet, and short tail. They feed chiefly upon 
earthworms. The best-known is the common mole of 
Europe, Talpa europeea. The Japanese mole is Moyera 
wogura. All the American moles differ decidedly from 
those of Europe and Asia ; they are called shrew-moles, and 
the commonest is Scalops aquaticus, of wide distribution 
in the United States. The American moles of the genus 
Scapanus are nearest those of the Old World. There are 
two of these, the hairy-tailed or Brewer's (S. americanus or 
brewerf) and S. toumsendi; the latter is confined to west- 
ern portions of the continent. The star-nosed mole of 
North America is Condylura cristate. See cuts under Talpa, 
Scalops, and Condylura. 
The molde, and other suche as diggeth lowe, 
Anoie hem not, in harde lande yf thai growe. 
Palladius, Husbondrie (E. E. T. S.), p. 108. 
When in the darkness over me 
The four-handed mole shall scrape. 
Tennyson, To . (Poems omitted after 1833.) 
2. A kind of plow or other implement drawn or 
driven through the subsoil in making drains ; a 
mole-plow Cape mole, (a) The chrysochlore or gold- 
en mole of South Africa, Chrysochloris aureus. (t) The 
rodent bathyergue or mole-rat of South Africa, Bathyergus 
maritimus. Golden mole. Same as Cape mole (al 
Oregon mole, a large mole, Scapanus tmnnsendi, inhabit- 
ing the Pacific States. 
mole 2 (mdl), v.; pret. and pp. moled, ppr. mol- 
ing. [<mole 2 ,n.'] I. trans. 1. To clear of mole- 
hills. [Prov. Eng.] 2. To burrow or form 
holes in, as a mole : as, to mole the earth. 
II. intraiis. To destroy moles. [Prov. Eng.] 
mole 3 (mol), n. [< F. mole (> Buss, mola) = Sp. 
mole, muelU = Pg. molhe = It. mole, niolo (> G. 
molo), < L. moles, a great mass, a massive struc- 
ture, esp. of stone, a pier, dam, mole, pile, hence 
a burden, difficulty, effort, labor. Hence ult. 
amolish, demolish, emolument, molecule, molest, 
etc.] 1. A mound or massive work, formed 
largely of stone, inclosing a harboror anchorage, 
to protect it from the violence of the waves. 
The foundations of Nero's port are still to be seen. It 
was altogether artificial, and composed of huge moles run- 
ning round it, in a kind of circular figure, except where 
the ships were to enter. 
Addison, Remarks on Italy (ed. BohnX I. 455. 
Bid the broad arch the dangerous flood contain, 
The mole projected break the roaring main. 
Pope, Moral Essays, iv. 200. 
2. A form of ancient Roman mausoleum, con- 
sisting of a round tower on a square base, in- 
sulated, encompassed with columns, and cov- 
ered with a dome. [Bare.] 
mole 4 (mol), n. [< F. mdle = Sp. Pg. It. mola, 
< L. mola (= Gr. pi'hr/), a false uterine forma- 
tion, a particular use of mola, a millstone : see 
mill^.] A somewhat shapeless, compact fleshy 
mass occurring in the uterus, either due to the 
retention and continued life of the whole or 
a part of the fetal envelops after the death 
of the fetus (a maternal or true mole), or being 
some other body liable to be mistaken for this, 
as the membrane in membranous dysmenor- 
rhea, or perhaps a polypus (a false mole). 
Cystic, hydatid, or vesicular mole, a true mole com- 
posed largely of myxomatous growths originating in the 
chorionic villi. 
mole 5 (mol), n. [< L. mola (= Gr. jiv'/.rj), spelt 
coarsely ground and mixed with salt (mola 
salsa); ct.mola, a millstone: seewwH 1 .] Coarse 
meal mixed with salt, in ancient times used in 
sacrifices. 
She with the mole all in her haudes devout 
Stode neare the aulter. Surrey, .Km-id, tv. 
Crumble the sacred mole of salt and corn, 
Next in the fire the -bags with brimstone burn. 
Dryden, tr. of Virgil's Pastorals, viii. 
mole e t, '' '. [A ME. var. of mele3.~\ To speak. 
This valyant bierne 
Moles to hir mildly with fulle meke wordes. 
Morte Arthure (E. E. T. S.), 1. 3057. 
mole-bat (mol'bat), n. See mole-but. 
mole-boutt, n. Same as mole-but. 
Bota, a fish that grunteth, called a Mole-bout. 
Fiona (1598). 
mole-but (mol'but), n. The short sunfish, a typ- 
ical species of Molidw, technically called Mola 
mola, M. rotunda, or OrtJiagoriscus mola. Also 
mole-bat. See cut at Mold. 
mole-cast (mol'kast), . A mole-hill. 
mole-catcher (m61'kach"er), n. One whose 
business is to catch moles. 
mole-cricket (mol'krik // et), n. A fossorial 
orthopterous insect of the genus Gryllotalpa : 
so called from its habit of burrowing in the 
ground like a mole by means of its large and 
peculiarly shaped fore legs. There are upward of 20 
species.found in various partsof theworld; that common in 
Europe is G. vulgaris, about 1J inches long, and of a brown 
color. It constructs extensive subterranean galleries, cut- 
ting through the roots of the plants encountered, and thus 
molecule 
Mole-cricket (Gryllotalfa borealis). 
a, adult, somewhat enlarged ; f>, anterior tarsus or fore foot, greatly 
enlarged. 
doing much damage in gardens. Also called fen-cricket, 
fan-cricket, and sometimes earth-crab. 
molecular (mo-lek'u-lar), a. [=F.'iH<il<Tiil<iii-r 
= Sp. Pg. molecular, ( NL. *moleeul</ris, < Mil- 
lennia, a molecule: see molecule.'] 1. Relating 
to molecules ; consisting of molecules : as, mo- 
lecular structure. 
The general principle of molecular science . . . finds 
numerous examples both in inorganic chemistry and in 
biology. G. T. Ladd, Physiol. Psychology, p. 549. 
2. Acting in or by means of the molecules or 
ultimate physical elements of a substance. 
Compare molar 2 . 
Our thoughts are the expression of molecular changes in 
that matter of life which is the source of our other vital 
phenomena. Huxley, Physical Basis of Life. 
The molecular movements within animals of the sim- 
plest class are the digestion of food and the elaboration of 
the materials of reproduction. 
E. D. Cope, Origin of the Fittest, p. 231. 
Atomic or molecular heats of bodies. See atomic. 
Molecular attraction, that species of attraction which 
operates upon the molecules or particles of a body, as dis- 
tinguished from the attraction of gravitation. Cohesion 
and chemical affinity are instances of molecular attraction. 
Molecular force. See/wcci. Molecular weights. 
See weight. 
molecularity (mo-lek-u-lar'i-ti), n. [< molecu- 
lar + -ity. ] The condition or character of be- 
ing molecular. 
molecularium (mo-lek-u-la'ri-um), n. [NL. : see 
molecular. ,~\ An apparatus invented by Berliner 
for illustrating a number of electrical phenom- 
ena on the theory of molecular vibration. 
molecular ly (mo-lek'u-lar-li), adv. As regards 
molecules. 
The expansion and contraction of the protoplasm give 
motion to the prearranged and molecularly unyielding 
levers of the animal engine. Pop. Sci. Mo., XIII. 567. 
molecule (mol'e-kul), n. [< F. molecule = Sp. 
molieula = Pg. molecula = It. molecula, mole- 
cola, < NL. molecula, a molecule, dim. of L. 
moles, a mass: see mole^.] 1. The smallest 
mass of any substance which is capable of ex- 
isting in a separate form that is, the smallest 
part into which the substance can be divided 
without destroying its chemical character 
(identity). All the physical changes of a body, as 
the dissolving of sugar in water, the melting of lead, the 
change of water into steam, the magnetization of steel, 
and so on, are phenomena which take place without the 
loss of identity of the substance itself, and which con- 
cern the relations of the molecules among themselves. 
Hence the molecule is taken as the physical unit. A ho- 
mogeneous body is regarded as made up of similar mole- 
cules, whose relations determine its physical qualities, 
and particularly its physical state as a gas, liquid, or 
solid. A gas, according to the kinetic theory of gases, 
is composed of molecules darting about in paths which 
are very nearly rectilinear through the greater part of 
their lengths. Liquids are supposed to be composed 
of molecules which wander about, but have not nearly 
rectilinear paths; while solids are believed to be com- 
posed of molecules bound together by cohesion and mov- 
ing in quasi-orbital paths. A molecule of any substance 
is conceived as made up of one or more atoms, whose 
relations to each other are considered in chemistry. (.See 
atom.) The exact nature of the molecules is still largely 
a matter of hypothesis, but as regards their size Sir Wil- 
liam Thomson has reached a quasi-definite conclusion as 
follows: "Ifadropof water were magnified to the ,-i/e of 
the earth, the molecules or granules would each occupy 
spaces greater than those filled by small shot and smaller 
than those occupied by cricket-balls." 
A molecule may consist of several distinct portions of 
matter held together by chemical bonds. ... So long as 
the different portions do not part company, but travel to- 
gether in the excursions made by the molecule, our theory 
calls the whole connected mass a single molecule. 
Clerk Maxwttt, Heat, p. 286. 
The molecule of any substance is, by some chemists, de- 
fined as being the smallest portion of that substance to 
which can be attributed all the chemical properties of the 
substance ; by others, as the smallest portion which, so long 
as thesulistance is clieniicully unchanged, keeps together 
without complete separation of its parts. 
Encyc. Brit., XVI. H 
