m- 
i, in.iii.iilit..im ciKlixlcrui.il cell of a 
longe i 3, the amaebifonn state of an en- 
xlennal cell of the s.ime. 
monadical 
monadical (ino-nad'i-kal), ". [< i</<//c + 
Sanii. M iiitH/ittlic. l>i'. II. Man; Def. of 
Philosophic ( 'ahliahl, A|(|l.. IX. 
monadically (mo-mid ' i-kal-i), mlr. AH a 
monad or iinil : I iy oneness. 
I'.vcry nuitiher Mihsi.sth i/im/'/iV<///.v in unity. 
'/'. Taylor, Tmns. of I'lotiaim (1794X Int., p. xxxlx. 
Monadidae (mo-nad'i-de), n. pi. [NL., < LL. 
Humus (iiniiniil-) + -//((.] The monads proper, 
a family of flagellate infusoriaiis. These animal- 
culoa are naked or lllorlcate, and entirely free-swimming, 
with the Hap limn slunk- and terminal, no dUtlnct oral 
aperture, an cmloplast or nucleus, and usually one or more 
contractile vacuolcs. Also MmMtltlln. 
monadiformOno-nad'i-form), a. [<LL. Humus 
(iiiiii<inl-),a, unit, + L. forma, form.] In &/., 
having the form 
or character of 
a monad ; re- 
sembling a mo- 
nad. HII.I/II/. 
Anat. InviTl., 
p. 96. 
monadigerous (mon-a-dij'e-rus), n. [< LL. 
mniitix (niitiinil-) + L" gererc, carry : see -ger, 
-f/croits.] In zm'il., bearing or composed of 
monads or monadiform cells: as, the monadi- 
i// rniis layer of a sponge, which is the layer 
of cells lining the walla of the flagellated 
chambers of sponges. H. James Clark. 
Monadina (mon-a-di'nil), . pi. [NL., < LL. 
iiiiiintx(iiiniiiiil-) + -i'a 2 .] Ehrenberg'snameof 
the monads or flagellate infusorians now called 
Minni/liilif. 
monadine (mon'a-din), a. Of or pertaining to 
the MoiHiiliii't or Moiuididai; having the char- 
acter of a monad. Carpenter, Micros., $ 418. 
Monadineae (mon-a-din'e-e), . pi. [NL. (Cien- 
kowski), < Or. fiovaf(fiovatS-), a unit, + in- + -ecu.'] 
An order of fungi of the class Myxomijcetfs. They 
are slimy plants growing in moist places, frequently parasit- 
ic, and produce zobcysts, sporocysU, plasmodia, zoospores, 
and induring spores, the zobcysta emitting at maturity one 
to many zoosporea or amieba-like bodies. 
monadism (mon'f-dism), it. [= P. monadisme 
= Sp. monadismo; as monad + -ism.} 1, A 
philosophical system which accepts, in some 
form, the theory of monads; also, a theory of 
monads. 
Not unfrequently he [Leibnltzl Introduces his theory of 
monadism by the argument that there must be simple sub- 
stances since there are composite things, for the compos- 
ite is only an aggregate of simple units. 
E. Caird, Philos. of Kant, p. sfl. 
2. The application of the conception of the 
monad to the solution of the problems of chem- 
istry and physics ; atomism. 
Of the different forms of the atomic theory, that of Bos- 
covlch may be taken as an example of the purest mono- 
dimn. Enci/c. Brit., III. 37. 
monadology (mon-a-dol'o-ji), n. [= F. inona- 
rtologie, < Or. putAt\fBtm*), a unit (see monad), 
+ Joybht Myetv, speak: see -ology.} In the 
philosophy of Leibnitz, the doctrine of monads ; 
also, any similar metaphysical theory, as that 
of Lotze. See monad, 1 . 
Leibnitz's moiutdology may be a true system ; but also it 
may not ; and our faculties do not enable us to say whether 
It Is or Is not. Isxtif Stephen, Eng. Thought, 1. $ 35. 
Lotzo, however, saves himself from a materialistic dual- 
ism through his monadology. Mind, XII. 589. 
raonal (mo-niil'), 11. Same as monaul. 
monamine (mon'am-in), H. [< Gr. //dvof, single, 
+ E. diwirte.] One of a class of chemical com- 
pounds formed by substituting one or more 
alcohol radicals for the hydrogen in a single 
ammonia molecule. Monamines are primnri/, 
secondary, or tertiary, according as one, two, or 
three atoms of hydrogen are replaced. 
monanapestic (mon-an-a-pes'tik), a. [< Gr. /i6- 
voc, single, + avairatarof, anapest: seeanapestic.} 
In anc. pros., containing but one anapest: not- 
ing certain logaoedie meters. See monodactylif. 
monander (rao-uan'der), H. [< Gr. uovof, sin- 
gle, + avi/p (nwTp-), man, male (in mod. bot. sta- 
men). Cf. MMMTOMfc] In bot., a plant hav- 
ing one stamen only. 
Monandria (ino-naii'dri-ii), n. pi. [NL., <Gr. 
/i6vo;, single. + avi/p (avio-), man, male (in mod. 
bot. stamen).] The first class in Linnasus's 
system of plants, comprehending all genera with 
perfect tlowovs having only one stamen. 
monandrian (ino-nan'dri-an), a. [< Monandriit 
+ -an."] Same as MOMMOnHM. 
monandrous (mo-min'drus),<t. [< Gr. povavdpot , 
having but one husband, < ii6vo$, single, + av!/p 
(nfip-), man. male. In def. 2, cf. Muniiinlriii.} 
1. In :m'il. ami niitlirop.: (1 Having one male 
or husband: living in monandry : monogamous, 
241 
Motuuidrous 
Flower at 
Marcs - t..il 
3829 
as a female. (ft) Relating to monandry: as, 
a monaiidroHM system or custom. 2. In hot., 
having a single stamen ; belonging 
to or having the characterw of the 
class MiiHiitiilfin. 
monandry (nio-na n Mri i. . |<<;r. 
fiovavipia, the 'having but one hus- 
band, < fiAvavipor, having but one 
husband: see Htitimiidriiiix.} The 
monandrous state ; the practice of 
having only one husband. 
Once Introduced, monandry must neces- 
sarily spread In proportion as life becomes 
easier ; for a man to hare a wife to him- 
self must be the respectable thing, and 
with this there will go a corresponding 
progress towards civilised Ideas of conjugal 
fidelity. W. R. Smith, Kinship and Mar- 
[rlage, p. 141. 
monanthous (mo-nan'thus). a. [< 
Gr. pdvos, single, + iUtef, flower.] uiuurt 
In hot., producing but one flower: 
said of a plant or peduncle. 
monarch (mon'ark), ii. [Early mod. E. nton- 
arke; < OF. (and F.) monarque = Sp. monarca 
= Pg. monarcfia = It. monarca, < LL. monarcha, 
< Gr. /Mapx>K, ftAvapxof, ruling alone, a mon- 
arch, dictator, a sovereign (cf. //ovop^fiv, nde 
alone), < /i6vof, alone, + ipxeiv, rule.] 1. The 
chief of a monarchy ; a supreme governor for 
life, entitled variously emperor (or empress), 
king (or queen), czar (or czarina), sultan, shah, 
etc. ; primarily, a sole or autocratic ruler of a 
state, but in modern times generally a heredi- 
tary sovereign with more or less limited pow- 
ers. See monarchy. 
It [mercy] becomes 
The throned mmarch better than his crown. 
5AoJr.,M. of V.,lv. 1. 1K. 
The Sovereign, If a single person, Is or should be called 
a Monarch. Maine, Early Hist, of Institutions, p. 36O. 
2. Any possessor of absolute power or supe- 
riority ; one who or that which holds a dominat- 
ing or preeminent position, literally or figura- 
tively : as, the oak is the monarch of the forest. 
Come, thou monarch of the vine, 
Plumpy Bacchus with pink eyne I 
Shak., A. and C\, 11. 7 (song). 
I am monarch of all I surrey. 
My right there Is none to dispute. 
Cotrper, Alexander Selkirk. 
= 8yn. 1. Kiwi, etc. (see prince), potentate, autocrat, 
despot. 
Monarcha (mo-nar'ka), n. [NL., < LL. nio- 
iiarcha, a monarch : see monarch.} An extensive 
genus of true flycatchers, of the family Miuci- 
capida-, founded by Vigors and Horsfteld in 1826. 
It contains about 25 species, especially characteristic of 
Australia, New Guinea, the Moluccas, and Polynesia. They 
are birds of brilliant and variegated coloration. 
monarchal (mo-nar'kal), a. [= It. monarcalf; 
as monarch + *!?.] Of or pertaining to a mon- 
arch; befitting a monarch; sovereign. 
The princes' persons being In all monarchal govern- 
ments the very knot of the people's welfare. 
Sir /'. Sidney, Arcadia, v. 
Satan, whom now transcendent glory raised 
Above his fellows, with monarchal pride, 
-Conscious of highest worth, unmoved thus spake. 
Milton, P. L., IL 428. 
nionarchesst (mon'fir-kes), . [< monarch + 
-ess.} A female monarch ; a queen or empress. 
The monarches* of the four-corner'd earth. 
Middleton, Solomon Paraphrased, vlil. 
Rome, what made her such a Monarcheaf, but onely the 
aduentures of her youth, not In riots at home, but In dan- 
gers abroad? Capt. John ftmith, Works, II. 197. 
monarchia (mo-nar'ki-a), ii. [LL. : see IHOII- 
archy.] In the'ol., same as monarchy, 5. 
monarchial (mo-nar'ki-al), a. [< LL. monar- 
chia, monarchy (see tiioniirclii/). + -/.] Same as 
monarchical. 
If all the evils which can arise among ns from the re- 
publican form of our government, from this day to the day 
of Judgment, could 1 put Into a scale against what this 
country suffers from Its monarchial form in a week, . . . 
the latter would be preponderate. 
Jefenon, Correspondence, II. 205. 
Monarchian (rao-nar'ki-an), n. [= F. mo- 
narcliien = Pg. monarchiano ; < Gr. fiovapxqf, 
monarch, /wvapx'a, monarchy: see nioiian-lii/ 
and -an.] One of a body of Antitrinitarian 
Christians in the latter part of the second and 
the third century. They were divided Into two groupe 
the dynamic (dynamvtir) or rationalistic Monarchal!*, 
who regarded Christ as filled with a divine power and de- 
nied his divinity, and the Patripasnan*, who regarded the 
Father and the Son as the same; the latter were called 
modalietic Monarthian*. from their advocacy of a threefold 
mode or manifestation of the deity. 
By iii"iitirt'liiuii* of the former {dynamistlc} class Christ 
was held to be a mere man, miraculously conceived Indeed, 
but constituted the Son of Ood simply by the infinitely 
monarchizer 
high devnr In which h.- had been filled with IHvlne wl- 
dom and power. /;. .' , \ VI. 710. 
Monarchianism (m<j-niir'ki-an-iztn), n. [< Mo- 
narchiun + -1*111. ] The tlieoliioicul OOOtraM re- 
spectingthe Godhead maintained by tin- Monar- 
eliians. 
Mousllillc numartUanim, conceiving that the whole 
fulness of the Godhead dwelt In Christ, took i-v- . pn,.., to 
the " snlM>rdlnatlanlim " of some church writers, and main- 
tained that the names Father and Son were only two dif- 
ferent designations of the same subject, the one Ood. who 
"with reference to the relation* In which He had pre- 
viously stood to the world Is called the Father, but In ref- 
erence to His appearance In humanity Is called the Hon. " 
Kncyc. Brit., XVI. 710, 
monarchianistic (mo-nar-ki-a-nis'tik), a. [< 
Mninin-liiiin + -ixtic.} Relating to or resem- 
bling the theory of the Monarchians. 
Monarckianutic comparisons of Augustine. 
Ueberwey, Hist Phllos. (trana.X I- 
monarchic (rap-uar'kik), a. [< F. monarchiquc 
= 8p. mondrr/uico = Pg. monarchico = It. mo- 
nurcliico, < Gr. /tovapxiKo{> of a monarch or mo- 
narchical, < /idvapxof, a monarch : see monarch, 
monarchy.} Relating or pertaining to a mon- 
arch or to monarchy; monarchical. 
The monarchic* ma arlstocratlcml and popular parti? 
have been jointly laying their axes to the root of all gor- 
ernment. Burkr, Vfnd. of Nat. Society. 
Without justice all forms, democratic or monarchie, ant 
tyrannical alike. AYowfr, C'sraar, p. 190. 
monarchical (mo-nar'ki-kal), a. [< monarchic 
+ -a/.] 1 . Pertaining to a monarch or to mon- 
archy; characteristic of or subject to a mon- 
arch ; of the nature of monarchy: as, monarchi- 
cal rule or methods; a monarchical country or 
government. 
Monarchical their State, 
Hut prudently confined, and mingled wise 
Of each harmonious power. Thornton, Liberty, Iv. 
In a monarchical state In which theconstltutlon Is strong- 
est, the laws may be relaxed without danger. 
Ooldmith, Citizen of the World, I. 
It is not Impossible that the political movements of oar 
time, which seem on the surface to have a tendency to 
democracy, may have in reality a monarchical bias. 
DitrarJi. 
2. Of or pertaining to government by a mon- 
arch. 
It was not the Monarchical way of Government that wan 
so displeasing to God or Samuel ; for their Government 
was of that Form already. Stilling fleet, Sermons, II. Iv. 
3. Regarding monarchy as the best form of 
government ; adhering to the principles of mon- 
archy. The name Monarchical party was often applied 
to the Federalists of the United stnt.-s by their opponent*. 
Also monarchial. 
= Syn. See prince and royal. 
monarchically (mo-niir'ki-knl-i), adr. In the 
form of a monarchy, or in accordance with the 
principles or methods of monarchical govern- 
ment. 
monarchise, monarchiser. S-e monartMfe, 
monarchizer. 
monarchism (mon'Sr-Wzm), . [< F. monar- 
chixmc = Sp. monargiiignio ; as monarch + -ii.] 
The principles of monarchy; love of or prefer- 
ence for monarchy. 
monarchist (mon'ar-kist), 11. [< F. mottar- 
chiste = Sp. monartjuista = Pg. It. monarchista ; 
as monarch + -int.} An advocate of or believer 
in monarchy; one who holds or maintains mo- 
narchical principles. 
I proceed to examine the next supposition of the church 
mnnarchiflt, which Is, That Saint Peter's primacy with Its 
right* and prerogatives was not personal but derivable to 
his successors. Bnrroir, On the Pope's Supremacy. 
There is no Frenchman, be he Republican or Monarchist, 
who does not feel this Insult. Later, Bismarck, II. 141. 
monarchize (mon'iir-kiz). r. ; pret. and pp. 
monarchi:ed, ppr. moiiarchizing. [= F. monar- 
chiser; as monarch + -ire.] I. intrant. To play 
the king; act as a monarch. 
Allowing him a breath, a little scene 
To monnrrhite, be fear'd, and kill with looks. 
Shale., Rich. II., ill. 2. 106. 
II. trans. 1. To rule over as a monarch . 
By whom three sever'd Realms in one shall firmly stand, 
As Britain founding Brute first inoiurrcAurd the Land. 
Drayton, Polyolblon, v. x. 
2. To convert into a monarchy. 
So far we shall be from mending our condition by man- 
archiziny our Government, whatever new Conceit now 
possesses us. Milton, Free Commonwealth. 
[In all senses obsolete or unusual.] 
Also spelled monarchic . 
monarchizer (mon'ar-ki-zer), H. One who 
plays the monarch, or upholds monarchy ; a 
monarchist. Also spelled monarchiser. [Rare.] 
Let the pride 
Of these onr irreligious monarchum 
Be crawn'd In blood. 
Beamed, Rape of Lncrece. III. 
