monaulos 
monaulOS (mo-na'los), .; pi. moiifiuli (-11). 
[L., also iiiiiiniidiix, < Or. ft6vav/j>c, a single flute, 
< novoi;, single, + avUf, pipe, flute.] A ("irrck 
flute or flageolet consisting of a single pipe or 
reed, as opposed to the dianlox, or double flute. 
Monaulus (mo-iiu'lim), M. [NL. (Vieillot, IHKi), 
< iiioiiititl.] A genus of riia.tiniiidte; the mo- 
niiuls: same as Lopnoi>horux. 
monaural (mon-a'ral), a. [< Gr. ptvof, single, 
+ L. auris = E. earl : see aural 2 .'] 1. Having 
only one ear. 2. Referring to or involving the 
use of a single ear. 
Direction cannot he appreciated by wmuiural observa- 
tion. Pop. Set. Mo., XXXIII. 87. 
monaxial (mon-ak'si-al), a. [< Gr. fiAvos, sin- 
gle, + L. axis, axis: see axial.] Having but 
one axis; uniaxial. 
monaxon (jnon-ak'son), a. and n. [< Qr.p6voc.> 
single, + ai-uv, axis: aeeoron.] I. a. Having 
one axis, as a sponge-spicule ; monaxial. Also 
monaxonial. 
II. n. A sponge-spicule of the group Monax- 
onia. 
Monaxonia(mon-ak-s6'ni-a),i./j/. [NL.,< Gr. 
fidvof, single, + &fuv, axis.] Monaxon or uui- 
axial sponge-spicules, having one straight or 
curved axis. 
monaxonial (mon-ak-so'ni-al), a. [< monaxon 
+ -in/.] Same as monaxon. 
monaxonic(mon-ak-son'ik), a. [< monaxon + 
-ic.] Having but one axis ; uniaxial. 
A spherical (hnmaxonic) or cone-shaped (monoronic) 
perforated shell of membranous consistence known as the 
central capsule. Encije. Brit., XIX. 849. 
Monaxonida (mon-ak-son'i-dS), n.ul. [NL., < 
Monaxonia 4- -ida.~\ A suborder of sponges, of 
the or&erCliondrosiiongia.', haviugmonaxon spic- 
ules or being without supporting skeleton, the 
spicules tylostylar and usually situated radially. 
It includes such families as Tethyidce, Sollasel- 
liiin-. Spirastrellidce, Suberamatida;, and Suberi- 
tidce. Lendenfeld. 
monazite (mon'a-zlt), . [Irreg. < Gr - t&>tt**. 
be solitary: see monastery.] A phosphate of 
the cerium metals, usually containing some 
thorium silicate. It Is a rare mineral, occurring In 
small brownish-red or yellowish-brown monocHnic crystals, 
also massive with resinous luster, and is found at Norwich 
in Connecticut, in North Carolina, among the Urals, and 
elsewhere. It is a prominent accessory constituent of 
granitic rocks in some localities, and when these rocks 
have been disintegrated by natural causes It has been (as 
In North Carolina and Brazil) obtained, by washing the 
gravels, In very large quantities. 
monchet, . An obsolete form of munch. 
monckt, . An obsolete spelling of monk. 
Moncrieff gun-carriage. See gun-carriage. 
Monday (mun da), . [< ME. Monday, Monen- 
dtiii, < AS. monandaig, rarely contr. mondag (= 
OFries. monendei, monadci = D. maandag = 
MLG. mdndach, manendach = OHG. manetac, 
MHG. mdntac, G. montag = Icel. mdnadagr = 
Sw. m&ndag = Dan. tnandag), Monday, lit. 
' moon's day,' < monan, gen. of mona, moon, + 
da'n, day: see moon* and day 1 . The day was so 
called after its name in L., dies lunai, lunai dies 
(> P. lundi), tr. Gr. ij r>Jf Zf/(jjv fytpa, 'the 
moon's day.' See week.] The second day of 
the week. 
The next according to the course of the dayes of the 
week was the Idoll of the moone, whereof we yet retalne 
the name of Monday Instead of Mooneday. 
Versteyan, Restitution of Decayed Intelligence, 111. 
Black Monday, (a) Easter Monday, the 14th of April, 
1360. See the quotation. 
The 14 day of April and the morrow after Easter day, 
King Edward I III. I with his hoast lay before the cltty of 
Paris, which day was full darke of mist and haile and so 
bitter cold that many men dyed on their horses with cold ; 
wherefore vnto this day It hath beene called the Blaett 
Munday. Stow, Annals, p. 264. 
Hence (6) Any Easter Monday. 
Then It waa not for nothing that my nose fell a-bleedlng 
on BlarJc-ilondatj last. Shot., M. of V., II. 6. 25. 
(c) The first Monday after schoolboys' holidays. Blue 
Monday, the Monday before Lent: so called in Bavaria, 
from the color with which churches are ornamented on 
that day. Cobbler's Monday, Collop Monday, Hand- 
sel Monday. See the qualifying words. 
Mondayish (mun'da-ish), a. [< Monday + 
-ixli 1 .] Tired; worn out; weary: said of clergy- 
men who suffer from fatigue after their Sunday 
services. [Colloq.] 
mondaynet, . An obsolete form of mundane. 
monde (moud), n. [< P. monde = 8p. Pg. mundo 
= It. mondo, < L. mundus, the world : see mound"-, 
mundane.] 1. The world: generally used in 
phrases adopted from the French: as, the bean 
iniiinlr, tho \vorldoffashion. 2. A globe used 
as tin ensign of royalty: usually iinnm/l. See 
minimi-. 
3831 
mondiallt. a. [ME., < OF. mondial, mundial, of 
the world. < miiiidi; the world: see monde, 
HiiiundZ.] Worldly; mundane. 
A gret man this was. And of noble fame. 
And wel at case of goodes mmuliall. 
Rom. / Partenay (E. E. T. 8.), L 18. 
mone't, M. A Middle English form of moon*. 
mone'-'t, <*. and . A Middle English form of 
inn/nil. 
mone'H, '. t. [< ME. wonien, < AS. inaninii, moni- 
ii a, lirin"; to mind, exhort, advise, instruct, tell. 
claim, = OS. manoii = OFries. monia = OHG. 
nuntdn, manen, admonish, suggest; akin to 
mean 1 , mind 1 , mine 3 , etc.] To admonish ; ad- 
vise; explain. 
What may this incne, quod these mene ; 
Mone it us mare. 
US. Lincoln A. L 17, f. 233. (UaUiiceU.) 
By a tale y shal sou inone 
That fyl betwyx the fadyr and the sone. 
MS. Harl. 1701, f. 8. (HaUiuxU.) 
mone 4 t, . [ME. ; appar. a var. of mine*, af- 
fected by mone 3 .] Mind; preference. 
Knljtcs and squier 
MIc dronken of the her. 
But Horn alone 
Nadde tberof no mane. 
King Horn (E. E. T. S.\ I 1114. 
mone s t, n. [ME., < AS. gemdna, society, gtmSne, 
common: see mean 2 .] A companion. 
Nolde he nost go one [alone], 
Athulf was his mone. 
Kiny Uorn(E. E. T. S.X L 52& 
mone'H, . A Middle English form of money. 
mone"t, v. i. Same as mown?. 
monecian, monecious, etc. See monatcian, etc. 
monekt, A Middle English form of monk. 
monemakert, " A Middle English form of 
money-maker. York Plays, Int., p. xxi. 
monembryary (mon-em'bri-a-ri), a. [< Gr. /j6- 
vof, single, + i/tppvov, an embryo: see embryo 
and -ary.] Having a single embrvo. 
mone-pinst, ". pi. An obsolete variant of m- 
pins. 
moner (mo'ner), . [< NL. moneron, q. v.] An 
organism having the form of a non-nucleated 
protoplasmic body, in which no definite struc- 
ture can be discerned. The moners consist of Indif- 
ferent protoplasm containing no nucleus or endoplast, and 
thus are conveniently, if not naturally, distinguished from 
the higher series of protozoans known as Endopltutica. 
Monera (mo-ne'rS), n. pi. [NL., pi. of mone- 
ron.] 1. Haeckel'snameofaclassofprotozoans 
of the simplest possible characters. The Monera 
are apparently structureless particles of protoplasm, agree- 
ing with other rhizopods in protruding pseudopods, but 
differing from the normal amoeboids in lacking any recog- 
nizable nucleus. Unlike foraminlfers, they form no shell. 
The group is provisional, and perhaps hypothetical. The 
name is that of alegitimate biological conception; but since 
It is by no means certain that every moner is not a stage 
or state of a somewhat more definitely organized rhizopod, 
the group so named has no assured zoological standing. 
The Monera are sometimes nominally divided into Qym- 
nomoHtra and Lepomoncra, the former of which are always 
naked, while the latter may acquire a cell-wall. Also Mo- 
nerozoa. 
2. [/. <.] Plural of moneron. 
moneral (mo-ne'ral), a. [< Monera + -al.] 
Same as moiicran. " 
moneran (mo-ne'rau), a. and n. [< Monera + 
-an.] I. a. 'Of or pertaining to a moner, or 
to the Monera. Also moneric, moneral. 
n. n. A moner or moneron. 
monergism (mon'er-jizm), n. [< Gr. //owe, sin- 
gle, + tpyov, = E. work (see erg), + -ism.] In 
thcol., the doctrine that the Holy Spirit is the 
only efficient agent in regeneration that the 
human will possesses no inclination to holiness 
until regenerated, and therefore cannot cooper- 
ate in regeneration. 
moneric(mo-ne'rik), a. [< Monera + -ic.] Same 
as moneran. W. B. Carpenter, Micros., $ 394. 
moneron (mo-ne'ron), .; pi. monera (-rtt). 
[NL., irregX Gr./w>v#/7f, single, solitary/ jtiioc, 
single (see monad), + apapioKctv (-^ap), join, fit 
(cf. oti/piK, doubly fitted).] A moner. 
Each individual living particle of this structureless mass 
[protoplasm] is called a Moneron. 
Uatekel, Evolution of Man (trans.), II. 31. 
To put his [Haeckel's] views into a few words, he con- 
ceives that all forms of life originally commenced as mo- 
nera, or simple particles of protoplasm, and that these 
monera originated from not-living matter. Huxley. 
Monerozoa (mo-ne-ro-zo'a), n. pi. [NL., < Gr. 
fiovi/p>K, single, solitary (see moneron), + Cov> an 
animal.] Same as Monera. Hacrl:< I. 
monerozoan (mo-ne-ro-zo'an), a. and . [< 
Monen>:oa + -n.] I. n. Of or pertaining to 
the Monera or Monerozoa. 
II. M. A moner or moneron. 
money 
monerozolc (mo-nc-ro-zo'ik). (i. [< ' 
+ -ir.] Same as moneroioan. ft. V. Carpen- 
/</-, .Micros., ^ 471!. 
monerula (io-nci-'ii-i!i), .: j,i. mn<n/r<r (-is). 
[NL., dim., < Gr. funn/pw. tiiugle, solitary: see 
moneron.] In "'"//"/., auamegiv.-n h\ Ilin-.-kcl 
to a supposed non-nucleated stage of an im- 
pregnated ovum, when it lias the form-value 
of a simple cytode, or moner. It Is supposed that 
the nucleated ovum, Immediately upon fccundati 
spermatozoa, undergoes retrogreiiive metamorphosis, 
loses its nucleus, and become* * mere mass of protoplasm : 
that then a new nucleus Is formed, In the formation "f 
which the spermatic protoplasm takes part; and that there 
upon the ovum resumes its form-value of a nucleated cell 
as a cytula, having been a monerula In the Interval be- 
tween the loaa of the original nucleus and the acquisition 
of the new one. The word Is one of a series, other mem- 
bers of which are cytula, monda, bttutula, and yattnila. 
Moneses (mo-ne'se/.), n. [XL. (Salisbury. 
1821), prob. so named on account of the pretty 
and solitary flower ; < Gr. /Jovof , alone, + f/atf, de- 
light.] A genus of plants of the natural order 
Ericaceae and the tribe Pyroletf, characterized 
by spreadingjietals, by the capsule opening up- 
ward from the base, and by solitary flowers. 
There Is but a single species, M. unif/fora. the one-flowered 
pyrola, which is a small perennial with rounded and veiny 
serrate leaves and a scape bearing a white or rose-colored 
flower. It Is a native of middle and northern Europe, the 
colder parts of America, and Japan. 
monesia (mo-ne'sia), n. [Origin uncertain.] A 
vegetable extract thought to be derived from 
the bark of C'hrysophylliim glycipldceiim, export- 
ed from Brazil in hard thick cakes. It seems to 
have some stomachic, alterative, and astringent 
properties Moneria bark. See ChrytophyUum. 
monesin (mo-ne'sin), M. [< montsia + -n 2 .] 
An acrid principle obtained from monesia, and 
considered identical with saponin. 
monestet, v. t. AMiddle English form of monisk. 
monetagium (mon-e-ta'ji-um), . [ML.] Same 
as moneyage, 2. 
monetarily (mon'- or mun'e-ta-ri-li), adv. As 
regards monetary affairs; from a monetary 
point of view ; financially. 
monetary (mon'- or mun'e-ta-ri), a. [= F. 
mondtaire = Sp. monetario =' Pg. monetario, 
moedeiro = It. monetario, pertaining to money, 
< L. iiiinii-tiiriHs. pertaining to the mint; as a 
noun, a mint-master, a minter; < moneta, mint, 
money: see money. Cf. minter, ult. < L. mo- 
netarius.] 1. Pertaining to money; consist- 
ing of money. 2. Financial Monetary chain, 
a chain of precious metal each link of which Is of definite 
weight or value : such links were formerly used as money. 
Monetary unit, the unit of currency. In the 1'nlted 
States this is the gold dollar, having a standard weight of 
2S.8 grains. '1 he unit Is the pound in the British empire, 
the franc in France, the mark in Germany. 
monetht, monethlyt. Obsolete forms of mon (A, 
monthly. 
monetization (mon'- or nmn'e-ti-/a'shon), w. 
[= F. monttitiation ; as monetize + -ation.] The 
act of monetizing; the act or process of giving 
something the character of money or of coin- 
ing it into money: as, the moneti:ation of silver. 
monetize (mon'- or mun'e-tlz), r. t. ; pret. and 
pp. monetized, ppr. monetizing. [< L. moneta, 
money (see money), + -ize.] To give the char- 
acter of money to; legalize as money; coin into 
money. 
money (mun'i), n. [Formerly also many, monie; 
< ME. moneye, mone, monoye, < OF. moneie, mo- 
noie, monnoye, F. monnaie = Pr. Sp. moneaa = 
Pg. mocila = It. moneta, < L. moneta, a mint, 
money: see minfl, which is also ult. from L. 
moneta, and thus a doublet of money.] 1. Coin, 
or, more strictly, current coin ; stamped metal 
that maybe given in exchange for commodities ; 
gold, silver, or other metal, stamped by public 
authority and used as the medium of exchange : 
in this sense used only collectively. 
Korthe the! went alle thre 
To pay the scheperde his mon/. 
MS. Cantab. Ft. T. 48, f. S3. (HalliireU.) 
Every man also gave him a piece of money. Job IxIL 11. 
2. In a wider sense, any article of value which 
is generally accepted as a medium of exchange ; 
also, by extension, something which, though 
possessing little or no intrinsic value, is recog- 
nized and accepted as a substitute for money 
as above defined, such as paper money; any cir- 
culating medium of exchange. Money is adopted 
for the sake of convenience to facilitate the exchange of 
one kind of wealth for another and as a standard of value. 
Its common form is that of a stamped metallic currency ; 
but In primitive tunes, among uncivilised peoples, and 
under special conditions by civil bud people, many other 
articles have been used as money. Bank-notes, green- 
backs, gold and silver ccrtMcates of the United States 
government, etc., all representing coin, are called paper 
money, and are used Mr convenience instead of the coin 
