monitor 
of giin-|Miwc r with the minimum of exposure: 
si> rnlli'il from the name of the first vessel of the 
Ericsson's Monitor. 
a, tide elevation ; I, transverse section through the center of the 
turret. 
type, which was built during the American civil 
war, and in 1862 arrested the destructive course 
of the Confederate iron-clad ram Merrimac. 
I now submit (or your approbation a name (or the floating 
battery at Green Point. The impregnable and aggreulve 
character of this structure will admonish the leaders of the 
Southern Rebellion that the batteries on the banks of their 
rivers will no longer present barriers to the entrance of the 
Union forces. The Iron-clad intruder will thus prove a se- 
vere monitor to those leaders. . . . " Downing Street " will 
hardly view with Indifference this last "Yankee notion," 
this monitor. ... On these and many similar grounds I 
propose to name the new battery Monitor. 
.Ericsson, to Assist. Sec. of Navy, Jan. 20, 1802. 
8. A raised part of a roof, usually fitted with 
openings for light and ventilation, as in a pas- 
senger-car or omnibus. See monitor-roof. 
Teguexin monitor. See Ameieida. 
monitorial (mon-i-to'ri-al), a. [= F. Pg. moni- 
torial = It. miiiiilnrinlc : as monitory + -al.] 
1. Monitory; admonitory. 2. Pertaining to 
or connected with a monitor or monitors, es- 
pecially in the scholastic sense ; conducted or 
carried on by monitors; proceeding from or 
performed by monitors; hence, in a general 
sense, educational ; disciplinary : as, a monito- 
rial school; a monitorial system; monitorial in- 
struction; monitorial duties. 
Astonishing Incidents which preceded, accompanied, 
or have followed the settlement of America . . . plainly 
Indicate a general tendency and cooperation of things 
towards the erection, in this country, of the great moni- 
torial school of political freedom. 
Everett, Orations, I. 152. 
monitorially (mon-i-to'ri-al-i), ode. In a moni- 
torial manner; by monition; after the manner 
of a monitor. 
Monitoridse (mon-i-tor'i-de), n. pi. [NL., < 
Monitor, 5, + -idie.] A family of Lacertilia, typi- 
fied by the genus Monitor; monitory or varanoid 
lizards. See cut under Hydrosaurus. Also 
called Faranidre. 
monitor-lizard (mon'i-tor-liz'ard), w. Same as 
monitor, 6. 
monitor-roof (mon'i-tor-rof), n. In a railroad- 
car, a central longitudinal elevation rising 
above the rest of the roof, with openings in the 
sides for light and ventilation. Also called 
monitor-top. [U. S.] 
monitory (mon'i-to-ri), n. and n. [= F. moni- 
toire = Pr. monitori = Sp. monitorio = Pg. mo- 
nitorio, n., = It. monitorio, < L. monitoring, 
serving to remind, < monitor, a reminder, moni- 
tor: see monitor.'] I. a. Giving monition or 
admonition; admonitory; spoken by way of 
warning; instructing by way of caution. 
Losses, miscarriages, and disappointments are monitory 
and instructive. Sir n. L'Kttrangt. 
It is remarkable that, even in the two States which seem 
to have meditated an interdiction of military establish 
infills 111 time of peace, the mode of expression made use 
of is rather monitory than prohibitory. 
A. Hamilton, The Federalist, No. 26. 
Monitory letter, in cedes, law, a monition. Monitory 
lizard, a monitor. 
II. . ; pi. monitories (-riz). Admonition; 
warning. 
I see not why they should deny God that libertie to im- 
pose, or man that necessitie to need such monitorief. 
Purcluu, Pilgrimage, p. 24. 
monitress (mon'i-tres), . [< monitor + fern. 
-ess. Cf. monitrijc."] A female monitor. 
Thus far our pretty and ingenious mnnilrem; were I to 
say any thing after her, my case would be that of the tire- 
some actor. The Student, ii. 367. (Latham.) 
monitrix (mon'i-triks), w. [< L. as if "moiii- 
trij; t'em. of monitor, monitor: see monitor.'] 
Same as monitress. 
3835 
monjourou (mon-j(i-rii'), w. [K. Ind.J Tlir 
Indian imiHk-Hhrow. Si-r /;/.-/ .->/!/> . 
monk (mungk), . [Formerly also muni:, monck, 
ma IK-/:: < ME. monk, monkc, mtinke, monek, 
m n ml:, iinnir,; <AS.mun6C,nnmuc = OS.muntk, 
monrk = OFries. munt-k, munik, monik = MD. 
monick, munck, D. monnik = MLG. monnik, 
uionnrk, monk, monnink = OHO. munich, MHG. 
miiiii i-li, miinich, G. moiich = led. ntunkr = 8w. 
Dan. munk = It. monaco, < LL. monachus, < LGr. 
fiovaxof. a monk, < pavaxof, living alone, soli- 
tary (cf. OF. moigne, F. moine = Pr. monge = 
Cat. miiiijn = Sp. monje = Pg. monge, a monk, 
< LL. as if "monitis, < Gr. /lovioc, solitary), < 
/tovof, alone, single : see monad. Cf . monastery 
and niitiKtii-. from the same source.] 1. Origi- 
nally, a man who retired from the world for 
religious meditation and the practice of re- 
ligious duties in solitude; a religious hermit; 
in later use, a member of a community or fra- 
ternity of men formed for the practice of re- 
ligious devotions and duties, and bound by 
the vows of poverty, celibacy, and obedience 
to a superior; specifically, a regular male 
denizen of a monastery. Communities of a more or 
less monastic character In Palestine and Egypt before the 
diffusion of Christianity were the Essenes and Therapeu- 
tic (which see). The ordinary Christian life of the first 
three centuries, even when not celibate, was largely as- 
cetic and in communities. Christian ruonasticism in a 
definite form originated in Upper Egypt in the third or 
fourth century (perhaps with St. Anthony ; according to 
other accounts It Is traced to the ascetic Paul, about A. D. 
250). The first monks were anchorites, living In soli- 
tude. The collection of anchorites in a monastery (laura 
or ccenohluin) Is ascribed to Pachomlus, In the fourth cen- 
tury. The Institution spread rapidly, and was greatly 
helped in the West by the establishment of the Benedictine 
order In the sixth century. Various developments of the 
monastic system are to be found in the middle ages, as the 
military orders, friars (often distinguished from monks 
proper), etc. Since the Reformation, and especially since 
the French revolution, monachlsm has declined In W estern 
countries, or has been overshadowed by the society of Jes- 
nits, but still continues to flourish In Eastern churches. 
When of hys brother Froraont hurd declare 
That he monke was shorn, dole had and grct care. 
Rom. of Partenay (E. E. T. &X 1- 3211. 
A monk, whan he Is recencies, 
Is likned to aflssch that is waterles ; 
This Is to seyn, a manic out of his cloystre. 
Chaucer, Gen. ProL to C. T., 1. 179. 
The civil death commenced, If any man was banished 
or abjured the realm by the process of the common law, 
or entered into religion ; that is, went into a monastery, 
and became there a morJt professed : in which cases he 
was absolutely dead in law, and his next heir should have 
his estate. Bladatone, Com., L L 
I envy them, those monks of old, 
Their books they read, and their beads they told. 
Q. P. R. Jama, The Monks of Old. 
2. A name of various animals, (a) The bullfinch. 
Pyrrhula milgarit. (b) A variety of domestic pigeon with 
a white crest, (a) A monk-bird, monk-seal, monk-fish, 
etc. : see the compounds, (rf) Any noctuld moth of the sub- 
family Cucuttintr : so called in Great Britain from the erect 
collar, like a monk's hood or cowl. 
3. Ill printing, an over-inked spot or blotch in 
print, usually made by imperfect distribution 
of ink. Compare friar, 2. 4. Milit., a fuse for 
firing mines. 
The most common methods of firing mines are by the 
use of the monk and the box-trap. . . . The munk Is a bit 
of agaric 1 J Inches in length. Farrow, Mil. Encyc., n. 876. 
Black monk, a black-robed monk. 
Also In the Abbey of Seynt Justine virgyne, a place of 
bloke monkyt, ryght delectable and also solytary. 
Torkington, Diarieof Eng. Travel!, p. 9. 
Cloister monk, a monk who lives within a monastery. 
Ext6Ill monk, a monk who lives outside a monastery, but 
serves the church connected with it. Grazing monks, 
the Boskol. 
Companies like the 0oo-oi', or "grazing monk*," of Mes- 
opotamia and Palestine, who roved about, shelterless and 
nearly naked, as Sozomen and Evagrius tell us, in the 
mountains and deserts, grovelling on the earth, and brows- 
ing like cattle on the herbs they casually found. 
Encyc. Brit., XVI. 701. 
Monk professed. See pro/ea. =8yn. 1. Hermit, etc. See 
anchoret, 
monk-bat (mungk'bat), n. A molossoid bat 
of Jamaica, Molosstis naxtitus or fumarius, the 
smoky mastiff-bat : so called because the males 
are often found in great numbers together. P. 
B. Guxsc. 
monk-bird (mungk'berd), n. The leatherhead 
or friar-bird. See leatherhead, 2, and cut under 
friar-bird. 
monkery (mung'ker-i), n. ; pi. monkeries (-iz). 
[Early mod. E. monkrye; < monk + -cry.'] 1. 
Monasticism, or the practices of monks: gen- 
erally opprobrious. 
It toucheth not monkrrii, nor maketh any thing at all for 
any such matter. l.-iiiiner. Sermon of the Plough. 
Monkery and the neglect of rational agriculture con- 
spired to turn garden-lands into deserts and freemen into 
serfs. Pop. Sri. Ho., XXIX. 428. 
monkey 
2. A iiioiiiislc! -y. c.r Il- iiili:il>itntof a IiiouaB- 
Anon after ther arose oute of It a certain of monkery, not 
in apparel, but In appearance of a more sober life. 
Bp. Balf, English Votaries, I. 
Coeval with the conquest. It [the Benedictine 8t. Mary'il 
was one "f the richest and strngestTno*mrj|n therealm. 
l/'irper'iMag., LXXIX. 830. 
3. The country or rural districts ; also, in a 
collective sense, tramps or vagrants. [Slang.] 
I don't know what this 'era mimicry will come to, after 
a bit. Mayhem, London Labour and London Poor, I. M6. 
monkey (nmng'ki), . [Formerly also m<if.i< , 
mnnkie, munkye (not found in Mr}., whore only 
ape, the general Teut. word, appears); prob., 
with double dim. -k-ry, -k-ir (as also later in don- 
key), < OF. monne = Sp. Pg. mono, < It. montia, 
OH. mono, a female ape, a monkey (whence OH. 
dim. monicchio (a form supposed by some, erro- 
neously, to be the immediate source of the E. 
word; the term, -icchio, < L. -icultui; also OF. 
nion nine, monine, a monkey : see also mono, mo- 
no), appar. a particular use (as if ' old woman'), 
in allusion to the resemblance of a monkey's 
face to the weazen face of an old crone, of 
iiiiiiinii, a woman, in familiar use (like E. dame), 
'goody,' 'gammer' (hence 'old woman')), a 
colloq. contraction of Hintloiiiia, lady, mistress, 
lit. 'my lady,' 'madam': see madam and ma- 
ilnnna, of which monkey is thus ult. a contract- 
ed form, with an added suffix.] 1. A quadru- 
manovis mammal of the order Primates and sub- 
order Anihropoidca ; acatarrhine orplatyrrhine 
Guenon, or Common Green Monkey ( Ctrcafithffttt tabnrt. 
simian; anyone of the Primates except man and 
the lemurs; an ape, baboon, marmoset, etc. 
The term Is very vague, and has no technical or fixed re- 
striction. Those monkeys which have very short tails and 
faces are commonly called apet, most of them belonging 
to the higher family Simiidcc. The monkeys with long 
faces like dogs are usually termed babooia; they are at 
the bottom of the series of Old World simians, in the 
family Cynaiiithccidcr. The small bushy-tailed monkeys 
of America are usually known as warmotett. Excluding 
these, the name monkry applies mainly to long tailed sim- 
ians of either hemisphere. All the Old World monkeys, 
In any sense of the word, are catarrhlne, and have 82 teeth, 
as in man. They constitute two families, Simiidff and 
Cynovttherida. (See cnt under Cmojrithrnu, Catarrhina, 
and Diana, 2.) All the New World monkeys are platyr- 
rhine: there are two families CMdcr, with S6 teeth and 
mostly prehensile tails, and Midida or marmosets, with 
32 teeth and bushy non-prehensile tails. (8ee cuts under 
Cebincr, Erinda, and Lagothrix.) The genera of monkeys 
are about 36 in number, including several that are fos- 
sil. The species are particularly numerous In Africa and 
South America, especially in the tropical parts. There are 
many, however, In the warmer parts of Asia, and even up 
to the snow-line ; a single one is found In Europe, I lie 
llarliury ape. Inuut eeaiidatui. (See cut at ape.) Almost 
all the leading species have specific names In the ver- 
nacular as well as their technical scientific designation*. 
The strain of man 's bred out 
Into baboon and monJrvy. 
Shak., T. of A., 1. 1. 260. 
2. An epithet applied to any one, especially to 
a boy or girl, in either real or pretended disap- 
proval: sometimes expressing endearment. 
Now God help thee, poor monkry .' But how wilt tbon 
do for a father? Shak., Macbeth, Iv. 1. 69. 
Help your companions, but don't talk religions senti- 
ment to them ; and serve the poor, but, for your lives, you 
little monkey*, don't preach to them. 
Rutkin, Letter to Young fill-In. 
3. A pile-driving instrument with two handles, 
raisea by pulleys, and guided in its descent so 
as to cause it to fall on the head of a pile and 
drive it into the ground; a fistuca; a beetle- 
head. 4. A sort of power-hammer used in 
ship-building for driving bolts, composed of a 
long pig of iron traversing in a groove, which 
