monopetalous 
al).] In bot., having the petals united into one 
piece by their edges : more properly gamopeta- 
lous or sympetalous. 
monophanous (mo-nof'a-nus), a. [< LGr. /uo- 
votpam/f, visible alone, < Or. /icrvof, single, alone, 
+ <jiaivca6at, appear.] Having an appearance 
similar to something else ; resembling each 
other. [Rare.] Imp. Diet. 
Monophlebites (mon"o-ne-bi'tez), n. pi. [NL., 
< Qr. [i6vos, single, +' faeip (fae/3-), a vein, + 
-ites, E. -jte 2 .] A tribe or section of the homop- 
terous subfamily Coccince, including the largest 
bark-lice known. Some Australian forms are 
nearly two inches long. 
monophobia (mon-o-fo'bi-a), n. [NL., < Gr. 
/tovof, single, + -^o/J'/a, < t/iefieaeai, fear (> 0<5/3of, 
fear).] In pathol., morbid dread of being left 
alone. 
monophonic (mon-o-fon'ik), a. [< monophon-y 
+ -ic.] Same as monadic. 
monophonous (mon'o-fo-nus), . [< Gr. fiovd- 
0ui>of, with but one voice or sound, < Gr. /i6i>of, 
single, + <t>av>'/, voice. ] Producing a single sound 
or note at one time : said of an instrument. 
monophony (mon'o-fo-ni),K. [A&monophon-ous 
+ -y*.] Same as monody, 1. 
monophote (mon'o-fot), n. [< Gr. /i6voc, single, 
+ 0uf (<t>ar-), light.] An electric arc-lamp regu- 
lator designed to work in single series, or on the 
parallel-arc system, between the leads of an 
electric-light circuit. More fully named mono- 
phote regulator. 
monophthalmus (mon-of-thal'mus), n. [NL., 
< Gr. fiovd^Hakfio^, one-eyed, < pavof, single, + b<p- 
6aA/i6$, the eye.] In teratol., a monster with one 
eye ; a cyclops. 
The term anophthalmus unilateralis would seem to serve 
better . . . than the term monophthalmus, given by some 
writers. Medical News, III. 636. 
monophthong (mon'of-thdng), n. [< Gr. fiovd- 
(pSoyyof, of or with but one sound, containing 
but one vowel; as a noun, a single vowel; < 
/i6vof, single, + tpOAyyos, sound. Of. diphthong.] 
1 . A simple vowel-sound. 
Again, the sound of the so-called long English a in make, 
paper, &c., although once a monophthong, is now pro- 
nounced as a diphthong. Encyc. Brit., XVIII. 782. 
2. A combination of two written vowels pro- 
nounced as one. 
monophthongal (mon'of-th6ng-gal), a. [< 
monophthong + -at.] Consisting of or pertain- 
ing to a monophthong. 
monophthongization (mon-of-thong-gi-za'- 
shqn), n. [< monophthongize + -ation.] The 
reduction of a diphthong to a single sound. 
Examples of the monophthongization of ei, so far as they 
are found in the text of the Homeric poems. 
Amer. Jour. Philol., VI. 420. 
monophthongize (mon'of-thong-giz), . t.; 
pret. and pp. monophthongized, ppr. monoph- 
thongising, [(monophthong + -ise.~\ To reduce 
in enunciation to a single sound. 
A monophthongized diphthong. 
Amer. Jour. Philol., VI. 435. 
monophyletic (mon'o-fi-let'ik), a. [< Gr. /iov6- 
<t>v?Mf, of one tribe, < Gr. //<5rof, single, + (fn>?ir/, 
a tribe, > tyvterns, a tribesman, 0vXm/>, be- 
longing to a tribesman: see phylum.] Of or 
pertaining to a single phylum: said of a group 
of any grade in zoology, with reference to the 
origin of all the members of such group from a 
common ancestor: opposed to polyphyletic. The 
monophylette hypothesis, in its logical application to the 
animal kingdom, derives all animals from a single proto- 
type ; it is equivalent to the monogenetic hypothesis in 
phylogeny. 
My gastrea theory, on which I base the monophyletic ge- 
nealogy of the animal kingdom. 
Haeckel, Evol. of Man (trans.), I. 247. 
monophylitic (mon"o-fl-lit'ik), a. An errone- 
ous form of monophyletic. 
Polyphylitic origin, so far from being improbable, is as 
likely an occurrence as monophylitic origin. 
Sollas, Encyc. Brit., XXII. 426. 
monophylline (mon-o-fil'in), a. [As mono- 
phylt-ous + -inel.] Same as monophyllous. 
monophyllous (mon-o-fil'us), a. [= F. mono- 
phylle = Pg. monophiio = It. monojilo, < Gr. jiavd- 
f, having but one leaf, < /tovof, single, + 
v, leaf.] In bot., having but one leaf; 
formed of one leaf. 
Monophyllus (mon-o-fil'us), n. [NL., < Gr. /u>v6- 
0v/Uof, having but one leaf: see monophyllous."] 
A genus of leaf -nosed bats of the family Phyl- 
lostomida;, founded by Leach in 1822. M. red- 
mani is a West Indian species, about 12 inches 
in extent, and of a grayish-brown color. 
3842 
monophyodont (mon-o-fi'o-dont), a. and n. [< 
Gr. fiovtxfviK, of simple nature, single, as teeth 
(< fi6vof, single, + tjiiieiv, produce), + Mobf (bdovr-) 
= E. tooth.] I. a. Having only one set of 
teeth: opposed to diphyodont andpolyphi/odont. 
II. n. An animal having only one set of teeth. 
Monophyodonta (mon-o-fi-o-don'ta), n. pi. 
[NL. : see monophyodont'.] A division of mam- 
mals containing those which are monophyo- 
dont, as the cetaceans. Sir E. Owen. 
Monophysite (mo-nof'i-sit), n. and a. [= F. 
monophysite, < LGr. fiavofvatnift one who held 
that Christ has but one nature. < Gr. /i6vof, single, 
+ ijivatf, nature : seephysic.] 1. n. One who holds 
that there is but one nature in Christ; more 
specifically, one of a sect which teaches that 
there is but one commingled or compound na- 
ture in Christ, partly divine and partly human, 
in contradistinction to the orthodox doctrine 
that by the incarnation two complete and per- 
fect natures, the divine and the human, are 
united without confusion or mutation in the one 
person of Christ. Among Monophysites in the wider 
sense are included the Eutychians and Monothelites. The 
sect of Eutychians was founded by Eutyches, who was con- 
demned at the Council of Chalcedon, A. D. 451. They taught 
that there is but one nature in Christ, the divine. The 
Monophysites properly so called hold that the divine and 
human natures in Christ are combined into one compos- 
ite nature. The first leaders of the Monophysites, and 
founders of the present Monophysite or Coptic Church 
of Egypt, were Dioscorus, condemned at Chalcedon (died 
A. 1>. 454), and Timothy jElurus ('Cat'), made patriarch 
A. D. 457. In later times their most important leader was 
Severus, about A. D. 520, whose followers were called Se- 
verians, Corrupticolce, or Phthartolatras, while those of an 
opposite Monophysite sect were known as Jittianiste, Aph- 
thartodocetce, and Phantasiasts. In the sixth century the 
Monophysites spread widely in Syria, and were named 
Jacobites, from Jacob Baradteus, Bishop of Edessa. 541- 
78. At various times the Monophysites divided into a 
great number of sects, known by more than thirty dif- 
ferent titles. These represented different shades of ori- 
ginal Eutychianism and Monophysitism and attempts at 
approach to orthodoxy. The most subtle form of Monophy- 
sitism is Monothelitism (which see). Monophysitism is 
at the opposite pole of doctrine to Nestorianism, the ortho- 
dox doctrine as to the nature of Christ lying midway be- 
tween the two. As distinguished from the Monophysites, 
the orthodox are called Diphysites and Melchites. At the 
present day the two great bodies of Monophysites are the 
Copts and the Syrian Jacobites. The Armenian Church is 
also often regarded as Monophysite or Eutychian, and the 
Maronites before their submission to the Roman Church 
were Monothelites. See Acephali (&X Agnoetce, Theopa- 
schite, Tritheist. 
II. a. Same as MonopJiysitical. 
Monophysitical (mon"o-fi-sit'i-kal), a. [< Mo- 
nophysite + -ic-al.] Of or pertaining to the 
Monophysites or their doctrines ; of the nature 
of the doctrines of the Monophysites. 
Monophysitism (mo-nof'i-si-tizm), n. [< Mo- 
nophysite + -ism.] The doctrines of the Mo- 
nophysites. Compare dipliysitism. 
Eutychianism revived in the form of Monophysitism, or 
the doctrine that Christ had but one composite nature. 
It makes the humanity of Christ a mere accident of the 
immutable divine nature. 
Schaff, Christ and Christianity, p. 62. 
mpnoplacid (mon'o-plas-id), a. [< Gr. 
single, + rr/MKovf, a flat cake: see placenta.] 
Having but one madreporic plate, as a star- 
fish: distinguished from poll/placid. 
monoplacula (mon-o-plak'u-la), n. ; pi. mono- 
placulce (-le). [NL'., < Gr. "fi6vo(, single, + 
NL. placula, q. v.] A single-layered germ; a 
placula of one layer of cells, formed by vertical 
fission of the germ: opposed to diploplacula. 
Hyatt, Proc. Best. Soc. Nat. Hist., 1884. p. 89. 
monoplacular (mon-o-plak'u-lar), a. [< mono- 
placula + -or 3 .] Single-layered, as a germ; 
having the characteristics of a monoplacula. 
monoplaculate (mon-o-plak'u-lat), a. [< mono- 
placula + -ate 1 .] Same as monoplacular. A. 
Hyatt. 
monoplast (mon'o-plast), n. [< Gr. /idvof, sin- 
gle, + n?Mar6f, formed, molded, < nMaaeiv, form, 
mold.] An organism consisting of a single 
cell ; a simple or homogeneous form-element. 
monoplastic (mon-o-plas'tik), a. [< monoplast 
+ -ic.] Of or pertaining to a monoplast. 
monoplegia (mon-o-ple'ji-a), n. [NL., < Gr. 
H&vof, single, + Tr'hjyri, stroke.] In pathol., pa- 
ralysis limited to a single part, as of one arm or 
leg. Compare hemiplegia, paraplegia. 
monopleurobranch (mon-o-plo'ro-brangk), . 
and n. [< Gr. /i6vof, single, + n/ievpd, side, + 
P[)dyx ia > gills-] I. Having gills on only one 
side ; of or pertaining to the Monoplenrobran- 
chiata. 
II. n. A. member ot the Monopleurobrancliiata. 
Monopleurobranchia (mon - 5 - pi o -ro -brang '- 
ki-a), n. pi. [NL.: see monojtle/irobrancJi.] 
Same as Monopleurobranehiata, 
monopolical 
monopleurobranchian (mon-o-p!6-ro-brang'- 
ki-an), a. and n. [< monopleurobranch + -fan.] 
Same as monopleurouranch. 
Monopleurobranchiata (mon-o-plo-ro-brang- 
ki-a'tii), n. pi. [NL.: see monojileurobranch.] A 
suborder of opisthobranchiate gastropods hav- 
ing plumose gills usually on one side, the right, 
under the edge of the mantle. This name was pro- 
posed by De Ulainville in 1825 as that of the third order of 
his Paracephalophvra monoica t divided into 4 families, as 
the sea-hares and their allies. It is synonymous with Tec- 
tioranchiata of Cuvier. The group is also called Pmnato- 
branchiata. Also Alonoplcurobranchia. J. E. Gray, 1821. 
monopleurobranchiate (mon-o-plo-ro-brang'- 
ki-at), a. and n. [< monopleurobranch + -ate'.] 
Same as monopleurobranch. 
Monopneumona (mon-op-nu'mo-na), n. pi. 
[NL. , ueut. pi. : see Monopneumones.] A divi- 
sion of Dipneusta or Dipnoi, containing those 
dipnoans which are single-lunged : distinguish- 
ed from Dipneumona. The only existing rep- 
resentative is Ceratodus. 
Monopneumones (mon-op-nu'mo-nez), n. pi. 
[NL., < Gr. fi6vof, single, + TTVCV/MV, lung, usu- 
ally pi. TTvevfwvec, the lungs.] Same as Monop- 
neumona. 
Monopneumonia (mon"op-nu-mo'ni-a), n. pi. 
[NL. : see Monopneumones.] Same as Monop- 
neumona. 
monopneumonian (mon*op-nu-m6'm-an), a. 
and n. [As Monopneumonia + -an.] I. a" Hav- 
ing only one. lung : specifically applied to the 
Monopneumonia. 
II. n. A lung-fish, as Ceratodus. 
monopneumonous (mon-op-nu'mo-nus), a. 
[As Monopneumones + -ous.] Having only one 
lung; of or pertaining to the Monopneumona, 
Monopneumones, or Monopneumonia. 
Monopnoa (mo-nop'no-a), n.pl. [NL., < Gr. /u<5- 
vof, single, + -TTVOOC, breathing, < rrveiv, breathe.] 
In Owen's classification, a "subclass of Bep- 
tilia," containing all reptiles which breathe in 
one way only that is, by lungs: distinguished 
from Dipnoa or Branchiotoca, which breathe in 
two ways that is, either by gills first and lungs 
afterward in the case of the same individual, 
or some of them by gills and others by lungs. 
In this scheme, not easy to define satisfactorily, Prof. 
Owen makes his "class ReplUia" coyer not only Reptilia 
in the usual sense, but also Amphibia or Eatrachia. His 
Dipnoa are then conterminous with Amphibia proper. 
He divides Monopnoa into the orders Pterosauria, Dino- 
sauria, CrocodHia, Chelonia, Lacertilia, Ophidia, Anomo- 
dontia, Sauropterygia, and lehthyopterygia. Comp. Anat. 
Vert. (1868), III. 850. 
monopode (mon'o-pod), a. andre. [Cf . LL. mono- 
podius, one-footed, L. monopodium, a table or 
stand with one foot, < Gr. /lovdirovi; (fionoiroS-), 
one-footed, < uovoc, single, + irovf (trod-) = E. 
foot.] I. a. Having but one foot. 
II. n. 1. Any object supported on one foot 
only; specifically, one of a fabled race of men 
having but one leg. These, the Monoscelli or Sci- 
opodes, are described by Pliny (Hist. Nat., viii.) as dwell- 
ing in Ethiopia, and as possessing a single foot, so large 
that it served when held up to shade them from the sun 
when they lay down to rest. 
The monopodes, sheltering themselves from the sun be- 
neath their single umbrella-like foot. 
Lowell, Fireside Travels, p. 172. 
2. In bot., same as monopodium. 
monopodial (mon-o-pp'di-al), . [< monopodi- 
itm + -al.] Resembling or after the manner of 
a monopodium. 
monopodic (mon-o-pod'ik), a. [As monopod-y 
+ -ic.] ITL pros., constituting a single foot; of 
or pertaining to a single foot, or a measure con- 
sisting in a single foot : as, monopodic measure- 
ment : opposed to dipodic. 
monopodium (mon-o-po'di-um), n. ; pi. mono- 
podia (-a). [NL., neut. of LL. monopodius, < 
Gr. /^ovoVoi'f, one-footed : see monopode.] In 
bot., an axis of growth which continues to ex- 
tend at the apex in the direction of previous 
growth, while lateral structures of like kind 
are produced beneath it in acropetal succes- 
sion. Goebel. Compare sympodium and dichot- 
omy. 
mqnopody (mon'o-pod-i), .; pi. monopodies 
(-iz). (X LL. monopodia, < Gr. /lovoKoSia, a 
single foot, esp. as a measure, < /j6nof, single, + 
irovi; (TTOI!-) = E. foot.] In pros., a measure 
consisting of but one foot : opposed to dipodi/. 
See measure, 11. 
monopolert, n. [< OF. monopolier (F. monopo- 
leur), < monopole, monopoly: see monopoly.] A 
monopolist. Cotgrave. 
monopolicalt (mon-o-pol'i-kal), rt. [< *mono- 
jiiilir (= -Pg. monopolii-o) (< monopol-y + -if) + 
-til.] Monopolistic. 
