monopolical 
1 wish, according to the decree of Darius, that whosoeuer 
is an enemy to our peace, and seeketh, either by getting 
monipolicaU patents or by forging vniust tales, to himliT 
our welfare, that his house was pulled downe. 
Quoted In Capt. John Smith's Works, IL 58. 
monopolisation, monopolise, etc. See monop- 
olization, c'i*'. 
monopolist (mo-nop'o-list), . [= Sp. Pg. It. 
ininiopolintii ; us inniinpol-i/ + -int.] 1. One who 
monopolizes or possesses a monopoly; one who 
has exclusive command or coutrol of any branch 
of trade or article of commerce ; specifically, a 
buyer up of the whole of a commodity in market 
for the purpose of selling at an advanced price ; 
one having a license or privilege granted by 
authority for the sole buying or selling of any 
commodity. See monopoly. 2. One who ob- 
tains, assumes, or occupies anything to the 
exclusion of others : as, a monopolist of advan- 
tages. 
monopolistic (mo-npp-o-lis'tik), a. [< monop- 
olist + -ie.] Relating' to a monopoly or to a 
system of monopolies; of a kind promoted by 
monopoly; existing for the maintenance of a 
monopoly: as, monopolistic abuses; a monopo- 
listic corporation. 
monopolitant (mon-o-pori-tan), . [As </<- 
nopoliti- + -an, after the erroneously assumed 
analogy of cosmopolitan, etc.] A monopolist. 
Hee was no diving politician. 
Or project-seeking monoptilitan. 
John Taylor, Works (1630). ,(Naret.) 
Monopolitans of starch, tin, flab, cloth, oil, vinegar, salt, 
and what not. Quoted in Oldys's Sir Walter Kaleigh. 
monopolitet (mo-nop'o-Ht), w. [< monopol-y + 
-ite, after the erroneously assumed analogy of 
cosmopolite.'] Same as monopolist. 
You marchant Mercers, and Monopolies, 
Gain-greedy Chap-men, periur'd Hypocrites. 
Sylvester, tr. of Du Bartas's Weeks, L S. 
monopolization (mo-nop'o-li-za'shon), n. [< 
monopolize + -ation.] The act or process of 
monopolizing. Also spelled monopolisation. 
monopolize (mo-nop'o-Uz), v. t.; pret. and pp. 
monopolized, ppr. monopolizing. [= F. monopo- 
liser = Sp. monopolizar = Pg. monopolisar; as 
monopol-y + -ize.] 1. To obtain a monopoly of; 
have an exclusive right of trading in: as, to 
monopolize all the corn in a district. 
The Arabs have a law that If three camels depart at the 
same time, the convent shall be obliged to pay thirty pias- 
ters ; which I suppose is designed to prevent any one Arab 
with several camels monniioliziny the whole business of 
conveying the monks. 
Pocodre, Description of the East, 1. 159. 
2. To obtain or engross the whole of; obtain 
exclusive possession of. 
As it this age had monopolized all goodness to itself. 
Fuller. 
Gold alone does Passion move, 
Gold monopolitet Love \ 
Cowley, Anacreontics, vii. 
Also spelled monopolise. 
monopolizer (mo-nop'o-li-zer), n. Same as 
monopolist, especially in sense 2: as, a monopo- 
lizer of conversation. Also spelled monopoliser. 
Those senseless monopolizers of time that form the court 
of a duke. Shelley, in Dowden, I. 204. 
monopoly (mo-nop'6-li), .; pi. monopolies (-liz). 
[= F. monopole = Sp. Pg. It. mpnopolio, < L. 
monopolium, < Gr. fiovorr&Aiov, a right of exclu- 
sive sale, uoiwru/Uo, exclusive sale, monopoly, 
< fi6vof, sole, + irufeiv, barter, sale.] 1. An ex- 
clusive privilege to carry on a traffic. 
Monopolies are much the same offence in other branches 
of trade that engrossing is in provisions, being a license 
or privilege allowed by the king for the sole buying and 
selling, making, working, or using of any thing whatso- 
ever ; whereby the subject in general is restrained from 
that liberty of manufacturing or tradingwhich he had be- 
fore. Blactitone, Com. (ed. WaiteX IV. 159. 
2. Specifically, in Eng. constitutional hist., and 
hence sometimes in Amer. law, such an exclu- 
sive privilege when granted by the crown or 
state to an individual, association, or corpora- 
tion, for the sake of the pecuniary advantage of 
its exclusiveness. A privilege not granted by the state, 
but secured by buying up the article, is termed by the Eng- 
lish law engrossing. The legal objection to a monopoly, 
in this sense of the word, is that it can l>e secured only by 
forbidding all other citizens except the favored grantee to 
exercise a common-law right. Exclusive privileges grant- 
ed by the state to a limited number of persons for the sake 
of enabling the state the better to regulate the traffic for 
the protection of the rest of the community, as in case of 
banking franchises, liquor traffic, etc., are not deemed mo- 
nopolies, although the same privileges would be, if con- 
ferred on a single or a very few grantees, for the sake of 
the pecuniary benefit to them. So the exclusive privil<>ci-< 
conferred on inventors and authors, by the patent anil cojiy- 
right laws, for the sake of the encouragement of the arts 
and literature, and extending only to articles originally de- 
vised under that encouragement, are not deemed monopn- 
3843 
lies. Both these classes of grants have, however, been con- 
demned by some as partaking of the character of monopo- 
lies. 
If any man, out of his own wit, Industry, or endeavour, 
find out anything beneficial to the Commonwealth, or bring 
out any new invention which every subject of this king- 
dom may use. yet, in regard of his pains and travel there- 
in, her Majesty perhaps is pleased to grant him a privi- 
lege to use the same only, by himself or his deputies, for 
a certain time. This Is one kind of Monopoly. Sometimes 
there is a glut of things, when they be In excessive quan- 
tity, as perhaps of corn ; and perhaps her Majesty gives 
licence of transportation to one man. This Is another kind 
of Monopoly. Sometimes there Is a scarcity or a small 
quantity : and the like is granted also. 
Bacon, In E. A. Abbott's Account of his Life and Works. 
I will have no private monopolies, to enrich one man, and 
beggar a multitude. 
Burton, Anat. of Mel., To the Reader, p. 68. 
He thinks he can never trade to his advantage unless he 
can have the monopoly of everything he values. South. 
3. Inpolit. econ., and as used in a general sense 
in law, such an exclusive privilege to carry on 
a traffic, or deal in or control a given class of 
articles, as will enable the holder to raise prices 
materially above what they would be if the traf- 
fic or dealing were free to citizens generally. 
In this sense, that exclusive control of a particular kf :id of 
product which results from the legitimate ownership of 
the only land from which It can be obtained, as In the case 
of some mineral waters, or earths, or ores, is sometimes 
spoken of as a natural monopoly, In contrast to the artifi- 
cial monopolies created by state grant. See virtual mo- 
nopoly, below. 
4. That which is the subject of a monopoly : 
as, in Bengal opium is a monopoly. 5. The 
possession or assumption of anything to the 
exclusion of other possessors: thus, a man is 
popularly said to have a monopoly of any busi- 
ness of which he has acquired complete con- 
trol. 
Jonson, who, by studying Horace, had been acquainted 
with the rules, yet seemed to envy to posterity that know- 
ledge, and to make a monopoly at his learning. 
bryden, tr. of Juvenal, Ded. 
Caleb hain't no monopoly to court the seenoreetas. 
Lowell, Biglow Papers, 1st ser., IL 
6. Loosely, a company or corporation which 
enjoys a monopoly Monopoly Act. an English 
statute of 1623 (21 Jas. I., c. 3), declaring all monopolies 
for the manufacture, sale, or use of anything to be void, 
excepting to inventors their patent righto. Also known 
as the Statute of Monopolies. Virtual monopoly, a term 
in constitutional law and the history of legislation (the ap- 
propriate applications of which have been much contest- 
ed) used to characterize a business which, though not de- 
clared by law to be a monopoly or exclusive franchise pro- 
tected as such, as by a patent or an exclusive charter, Is yet 
so reiated to the great channels and currents of commerce 
that the allowing of it to enjoy the same protection as 
other private property and business secures to it indirect- 
ly exclusive advantages substantially equivalent to a legal 
monopoly. Thus the great grain-elevators of modern com- 
merce, although erected as private property on private 
lands, if by their situation they have exclusive advantages 
for the transfer of grain from vessels at the wharf to the 
railroad terminus of a trunk-line, are said to constitute 
a virtual monopoly, because, if not subjected to a legisla- 
tive power to restrict their charges such as other private 
property and business are not subjected to, they might be 
conducted in a manner oppressive to commerce. 
monopolyloguet (mon-o-pol'i-log), n. [< Gr. 
ftovof, single, + JroXi'Aoj'Of, much talking, < irof.i'f , 
many, much, + Hynv, speak.] An entertain- 
ment in which a single actor sustains many 
characters. Brande. 
monoprionidian (mon-o-pri-o-nid'i-an), a. [< 
Gr. /jovoc, single, -r vpiuv, a saw (< npiciv, saw), 
+ -!6im>, dim. suffix, + -an."] Having small 
uuiserial serrations ; uniserrnlate : specifically 
applied to those graptolites or rhabdophorous 
coalenterates which have the cells or hydrothe- 
CSB in a single row: opposed to diprionidian. 
monopteraf (mo-nop'te-ral), a. [< monopteron 
+ -a'.] 1. In 'arch., formed as a monopteron. 
2. In zoo/., having a single fin, wing, or alate 
part. 
Monopteridae (mon-op-ter'i-de), n. pi. [NL., < 
Monopterus + -idat.] A family of symbranchi- 
ate teleostean fishes, typified by the genus Mo- 
nopterug, having the shoulder- , 
girdle directly connected with 
the skull, and the abdominal 
and caudal regions of the body 
excessively elongated. 
monopteron, monopteros (mo- 
nop'te-ron, -ros), n. [= F. 
monopterc = Sp. monopterio, < 
~ i. monopteros, < Gr. /tov6vrepof. 
monorhine 
r)Molttoaoptma . 
. 
with only one row of pillars, < ftovof, single, + 
-rrpor, a wing, a row of columns along the 
sides of a Greek temple.] In tirch.. a type of 
temple or portico, usually with an inclosed cir- 
cular cella, composed of columns arranged in 
a circle and supporting a cupola or a conical 
roof. 
Monopteron.-- Temple of Vetta at Tlvoll, near Hume. 
Monopterua (mo-nop'te-rus), H. [NL. (cf. Gr. 
uovoTrripor, lit. having one wing (see monop- 
teron), < Gr. /^ovof, single, + irrcpfo, a wing.] 
The typical genus of Monopteridir, containing 
anguillif orm or eel-like fishes whose fin-system 
is reduced to a continuous marginal membrane 
around the tail. M. javanicus is a common fish 
of the Indian archipelago, about 3 feet long. 
monopterygian (mo-nop-te-rij'i-an), a. and n. 
I. a. Pertaining to the Monopterygii, or having 
their characters. 
II. n. A monopterygian fish. 
Monopterygii (mo-nop-te-rij'i-i), n.pl. |"NL., < 
Or. povof, single, + irrepv% (vTtpiry-), fin.] Fishes 
whose fins are reduced to one. Block and 
Schneider. 
monoptote (mon'op-tot), n. [= F. monoptote, 
< LL. monoptotus (in neut. pi. monontota), < 
LGr. /iovoTTTurof, with but one case, < Gr. u&vo(. 
single, + itTootf (KTUT-), case, < irivrctv, fall.] 
In gram., a noun or an adjective having but one 
case-form. A monoptote may be (a) a word with only 
one case In use, or (6) a word with but one case-form which 
may be used for several or for all cases. 
monqpus (mon'o-pus), n. [NL., < Gr. povfaavf, 
one-footed, < /uovoc, single, + n-off (irod.) = E. 
foot.'] In teratol., a monster having but a 
single foot or hind limb. 
Monopyleae (mon-o-pil'e-e), n. pi. [NL., < Gr. 
pAvof, single, + KV/JI, a gate.] A division 
of Ptufodaria, containing those pheeodarians 
which have only one pseudopodal opening: op- 
posed to Amphipylea;. 
monopylean (mon-o-pil'f-an), a. and n. [As 
Monopylea! + -an.] I. a. Having one pore or 
pseudopodal opening; pertaining to the Mono- 
pylea, or having their characters. 
II. n. A monopylean radiolarian. 
monopyrenous (mon'o-pi-re'nus), a. [= F. 
monopyretie, < Or. pAvof, single, T wpf/v, the 
stone of a fruit.] In lx>t., having but one nutlet 
or stone. 
monorchid (mo-n6r'kid), a. [< monorchis, after 
orchid.] Having only one testicle ; exhibiting 
or characterized by raonorchism. 
monorchis (mo-nor'kis), n.; pi. monorchidex 
(-ki-dez). [< Gr. /iwof , single, + ipx't, testicle.] 
An animal or a person having only one testicle. 
Honorchidet, as they are called, have been known to be 
prolific. A. S. Taylor, Medical Jurisprudence, p. 720. 
monorchism (mo-n&r'kizm), w. [As monorck(u) 
+ -ism.] The presence of only one testicle. 
monorganic (mon-Ar-gan'ik), a. [< Gr. uovos, 
single, + bpyavov, organ: see organit.] Per- 
taining to or affecting one organ or set of or- 
gans. 
Monorhina (mon-o-ri'na), n. pi. [NL. : gee 
monorhine.] A primary division of the rerte- 
brata, or other major group of vertebrates, rep- 
resented by the Marsipobranchii (Cyclostomi or 
roundmouths), the lampreys and hags (Hypero- 
treta and Hyperoartia), in which the nasal pas- 
sage is single: distinguished from all other 
cranial vertebrates, or Amphirkina. Also, more 
correctly, Monorrhina. 
monorhinal (mon'o-ri-nal), a. [< monorhiite + 
-al.] Having the nostril single ; monorhine. 
monorhine (mon'o-rin), a. and n. [< Gr. ui>- 
voc, single, + /w'f ( fliv-), the nose.] I. a. Having 
but one nasal passage; single-nostriled: spe- 
cifically applied to the Monnrnina. 
