motion 
10. Inclination: disposition; impulse; will: 
as, of one's own iimltim. 
In 111 Edw. IV., 14711, . . . [the LynenweversJ . . . "of 
thalre trenutciou and %vlll have boQndan thnyme and thayre 
craft perpetually to kepe . . . upon Cnrpus I'rliti day a 
pageant. . . ." (Council Book III. f<>. 20" v.) 
York Plays, Int., p. xxvli. 
11. Proposal; institution; incitement. 
Then he snld to hys cardynals, Sirs, make you redy, for 
I woll to Home. Of that DKHVOf) his eardynalles were sore 
abashed and displeased, for they loued nat the Komaynes. 
lirriien, tr. of Froissart s Chron., I. cccxxvl. 
Between the acting of a dreadful thing 
And the first motion, all the interim is 
Like a phantasma, or a hideous dream. 
A'Affl*., J. C., II. 1. 64. 
12. A proposal or proposition formally made; 
specifically, a proposal formally submitted in a 
deliberative assembly, with a view to its discus- 
sion and adoption ; also, the act of submitting 
such a proposal: as, the motion to appoint a 
committee was carried. 
The motion aboute setting forth y fishing ship (caled 
y Frindship) came first from y plantation. 
Bradford, Plymouth Plantation, p. 288. 
Valentine and Hollis held the Speaker down In his seat 
by main force, and read the motion amidst the loudest 
shouts. Macaulay, Nugent's Hampden. 
13. In lair: (<t) An application to a court or 
judge, usually in the course of a legal proceed- 
ing. Whatever is asked of a court by a suitor 
is asked by a motion, (fc) More narrowly, an 
application which is incidental to the progress 
of a cause, as distinguished from the trial or 
investigation of the issue: as, a motion for an 
injunction; a motion to open a default, still fur- 
ther distinctions are made in common parlance. Thus, 
applications on the trial incidental to its progress, such 
as to strike out testimony or to grant a non-suit, are called 
million*, though, being on the trial, and the result being 
included in thejudgment, they are not motion* within the 
rules regulating the formalities required for making mo- 
tions, the record of the decision, the award of costs, or 
the mode of review. ( c ) In some of the United 
States, the paper drawn up by the attorney 
of the moving party, saying, "now comes the 
plaintiff (or defendant)," etc., "and moves," 
etc. (much in the same way that an application 
to the court would be entered in the minutes), 
and filed with the clerk in advance of apply- 
ing to the court, and usually also served on 
the other party. 14. In muxic: (a) The me- 
lodic change of a voice or voice-part from one 
pitch to another ; melodic progression, it is con- 
crete, conjunct, or conjoint when it consists of a single step, 
dwcreteordw/unctwhenofaskip. (ft) The melodic pro- 
gression of any two voice-parts in harmonic 
writing in relation to each other. It is rimilar 
when both voice-parts rise or fall at the same time, paral- 
lel when they together rise or fall by the same interval, 
contrary or opposite when one rises and the other falls, 
oblique when one rises or falls while the other remains sta- 
tionary, and mixed when all varieties occur at once in sev- 
eral parts. In general, between important or conspicuous 
parts, contrary motion is sought. Parallel motion in per- 
fect fifths or octaves is regularly forbidden ; and similar 
motion to a perfect fifth or octave Is employed sparingly. 
15. In the fine arts, the change of place or po- 
sition which, from the attitude represented, a 
figure is portrayed as making. It can only be Im- 
plied from the attitude which prepares the subject for the 
given change, and therefore differs from action. 
16. In med., evacuation of the intestine; alvine 
discharge. 
Shall I lose my doctor? no; he gives me the potions 
and the muttons. Shak., M. W. of W., lit. 1. 106. 
17. In milit. tactics, one of the stages into 
which each movement prescribed in the man- 
ual of arms is divided to facilitate instruction. 
Absolute motion, change of absolute place. Accel- 
erated motion. See accelerate. Active motion, In 
kinexitherapit, motion of the limbs or other parts of the 
patient produced by his own exertion, In contradistinction 
to passive motion, where the limbs are moved by the at- 
tendant, Angular motion. See angular. Brunonlan 
motion. Same as Bromiian movement (which see, under 
Broirnuin). Center of motion, see center^. ciliary 
motion. See ciliary. Consensual motions. Seecon- 
tensual. Contrariety of motion. See contrariety. 
Differential motion. See differential. Direct mo- 
tion, (a) In agtron., increase in the longitude of a star. 
(6) In music. See direct.- Disjunct motion. See def. 
14 (a). Diurnal motion of a planet, elliptic motion, 
equable motion. See the adjectives. Energy of mo- 
tion. See enerinj, ~. Equation Of motion. See equa- 
tion. Focus of mean motion, of true motion. See/o- 
CIM. Harmonious motion, see harmanvni*. Heart- 
motion, in spinning, winding, and analogous machines, 
a motion produced by means of a heart shaped cam. 
Horary motion, the space moved through by a heaven- 
ly body in an hour. Hourly motion, in astron., the 
change of position which takes place in an hour. In- 
testinal, Irrotational motion, see the adjectives. 
Lateral motion, in a railroad-car, the end-play or 
freedom of movement of an axle in its boxes, or the 
freedom of movement between a swing-bolster and a 
truck. Laws Of motion, specifically, Newton's three 
laws of motion, which are as follows: Pirnt Lair. Kvri> 
body eontiniies in its state of rest, or uniform motion in 
3873 
a straight line, except BO far 8 it may he compelled by 
force to change that state. Sfcott4l.au. GbMfiOfBM* 
tinii is proportional to force applied, and takes place in 
the direction nf the straight line in which the force acts. 
Third Law. To every action Ihere is always un equal and 
conirary reaction; or, the mutual actions of any two 
bodies are always equal, and oppositely directed. Line 
of motion. See Jiii- - . Local motion. See local. 
Lost motion, In mech., any difference of motion between 
the driving parts of a motor and the driven machine, or 
between the parts of a machine that communicate mo- 
tion from one to another. It results from faulty construe . 
tion of the parts, or from looseness of the boxes of axles 
or shafting or of a belt, which is thus permitted to slip. 
Natural motion, an involuntary movement of the body, 
as the beating of the heart. Overhead motion, a mech- 
anism, consisting of countershafts and speed-pulley ar- 
rangements of gears or any other contrivances, for increas- 
ing speed or force, Interposed between some prime mover 
or main line of power-transmission and a machine with 
which It communicates. It Is so called because, for con- 
venience in transmission, or that it may not occupy work- 
ing-space, it Is placed over the machine affected by It. Also 
called overhead w*. Paracentric motion, motion to 
or from an attracting centr.-~ParaUel motion, (a) 
See parallel. (b) la music. See dcf. 14 (>>). Passive mo- 
tion. Bee under active motion. Perpetual motion, 
(a) A machine which should do work without exhausting 
any power of doing work that is, its work must not be 
accompanied by any displacement (such as the fall of a 
weight, or the uncoiling of a spring) or transformation 
(such as the combustion of fuel) which could not be un- 
done by a replacement or counter-transformation with- 
out the expenditure of as much work as the machine has 
done. Such a machine is impossible, and contrary to all 
experience ; for power of doing work Is never Increased 
nor diminished. Nevertheless, very many pretended per- 
petual motions have been put forth by deluded or knavish 
inventors. Most of them are of two classes 1st, those 
which depend upon gravity or magnetism, and, 2d, those 
which depend upon centrifugal force or other pressure 
mistaken for moving power. (6) The mode of motion of 
such a machine, (c) By a popular abuse of the trim a 
movement or machine whicn could go on indefinitely by 
its own self-generated power. Thus, if a man should 
pretend to have a wheel which turned upon its bearings 
without resistance, so that it would go on moving indefi- 
nitely, or to have a fluid which, though viscous, was fric- 
tionless, so that its motion, though continually decreas- 
ing, never came to rest, neither claim would be a claim 
to a perpetual motion, nor (however unfounded) would it 
violate any fundamental principle of mechanics. On the 
other hand, a machine (such as has actually been pro- 
Posed) which would not go on moving of itself forever, 
but would require a little external force to overcome fric- 
tion, but which with that little force should be capable 
of doing an indefinite amount of work, would, properly 
speaking, be a perpetual motion. Positive motion, in 
no;-/i., an arrangement of apparatus connecting related 
parts of a machine in such manner that, as one moves, 
the other must move In accordance with the law of the 
relation. For example, the system of gearing which takes 
motion from the lathe-spindle, and imparts motion to 
the lead-screw of a lathe, is a positive motion. On the 
other hand, any mechanism which moves a part of a ma- 
chine in a manner that permits the possibility of some 
subsequent motion, or variation of the motion, of the part, 
through the action of any force not directly transmitted 
by such mechanism, is not positive. Examples of motions 
not positive are the mechanism actuating a tilt-hammer, 
which falls by its gravity ; a spring which by Its elasticity 
recoils ; and pulleys driven by belts in which the motion 
may be varied through slip. Positive-motion loom. 
See Jooml. Primary motion, the diurnal motion of a 
fixed star. Proper motion, in outran., that apparent 
motion or angular velocity of a fixed star which is due to 
a real movement of the star itself relatively to the other 
stars Quantity of motion, momentum, the sum of the 
velocities of all the particles each multiplied by the mass. 
Rectilinear, parabolic, or circular motion, motion 
in a rectilinear, parabolic, or circular path. Relative 
motion, change of relative place. Retrograde mo- 
tion, in aittron., decrease in the longitude of a star. 
Rotational motion. See vortex-motion. Secondary 
motion, the proper motion of a fixed star. Simple har- 
monic motion, a motion like a uniform motion round the 
circumference of a circle which is looked at edgewise : 
"when a point Q moves uniformly in a circle, the perpen- 
dicular Qr drawn from Its position at any instant to a fixed 
diameter A A' of the circle intersects the diameter at a point 
P, whose position changes by a simple harmonic motion." 
Thomson and Tail. Slide-valve motion, in a steam-en- 
gine, broadly, the valve-gear; any one of a great variety of 
devices for imparting to a slide-valve its proper motion for 
induction, cut-off, exhaust, and compression or cushioning 
of steam at the end of the piston-stroke ; specifically, the 
motion of a slide-valve produced by the valve-gear. The 
link-motion is one of the most important of valve-gears. In 
the majority of slide-valve motions the primary movement 
is derived from an eccentric keyed to the crank -shaft. In 
other cases motion is taken from the cross-head. In the 
Joy valve-gear the primary movement is obtained from the 
connecting-rod. See induction, cut-off, exhaust, eccentric, 
and valve-gear, Take-up motion, in a loom, the mech- 
anism which takes up and winds the woven cloth on the 
cloth-beam as fast as the warp is unwound from the warp- 
beam. The name is also given to analogous mechanism 
in many oilier kimisof machines. Violent motiont, in 
nltier writers, a motion impressed upon a body by an ex- 
ternal force. Voluntary motion, motion ensuing on 
an act of will, in contrast with reflex action or motion. 
= Syn. Motion. Moi-> ui'-oi. l/'"v. M otion may be consid- 
ered separate from that \vhieh moves ; movement is al- 
ways connected with the person or thing moving : henre 
we speak of the laws of motion ; of heat as a mode of 
motion ; and of perpetual motittn not of movement in any 
of these cases; hence, also, motion Is the more scientific 
and technical term. Motion is more general and more 
voluntary; movement, more particular and occasional: 
hence we speak of a motion with the hand ; a movement of 
flumps: involuntary movements; the movement* of the 
heavenly Inidies ; the rate of motion or of movement. The 
figurative uses of the two tforrespond to the literal. The 
motive 
rlii'-f uses of move are founded upon the Idea of mov- 
iiiu a piece, In chess or a similar game, for winning the 
game. 
motion (mo'shon), r. [ME. muciimen ; < motion, 
.] I. traitx. 1. To guide by a significant mo- 
tion or gesture, as with the hand or head: as, 
to motion a person to a seat. 2. To propose; 
move. 
Here's Gloucester, a foe to citizens, 
One that still motions war and never peace. 
Shak., 1 lien. VI., I. S. 83. 
II. in trans. 1. To make a significant move- 
or gesture, as with the hand or head: as, 
iiinliiiii to one to take a seat. 2. To make 
a proposal ; offer plans. [Bare.] 
Rychard Stratton told me that whyll he was in servyse 
with Whethyll, John Redwe mocyond hym onys myche 
aftyr this intent, etc. Ponton Letteri, III. 158. 
Well hast thou motion'd, well thy thoughts employ'd. 
Milton, P. L., ix. 229. 
motional (mo'shon-al), a. [< motion + -al.] 
Of or pertaining to motion ; characterized by 
(certain) motions: specifically applied to par- 
ticular imitative diseases exhibiting peculiar 
muscular actions, as tarantism. 
motion-bar (mo'shon-bar), w. In a steam-en- 
gine, a guide-bar or -rod. K. H. Knight. 
motion-distortion (mo'shqn-dis-tdr'shon), n. 
A distortion of a line of a spectrum due to rela- 
tive motions of the parts of the source of light. 
motionert (m6'shon-er),*H. [< motion + -er 1 .] 
A mover. 
Without respect* of any worldly rewarde or thanke, to 
referre the fruiet and successe of his labours to God the 
mocioner, the autour, and the woorker of all goodness. 
l-ilnll. To Queen Catherine. 
motion-indicator (mo'shon-in-'di-ka-tor), n. 
A n apparatus for showing the speed or the num- 
ber of revolutions of any machine or part of a 
machine in a given time. It differs from a counter 
in that the latter merely registers movement, indepen- 
dently of time. 
motionistt (mo'shou-ist), w. [< motion + -'*<.] 
One who makes a motion. 
Milton [uses] mationist. F. Ball, False 1'hilol., p. 57. 
motionless (mo'shqn-les), a. [< motion + -less.] 
Without motion ; being at rest. 
motion-mant (mo'shon-man), n. An exhibitor 
of a puppet-show. See motion, n., 6. 
And travel with young Goose the motion-man. 
B. Jonton, New Inn, L 1. 
motivate (mo'ti-vat), v. t.; pret. and pp. moti- 
vated, ppr. motivating. [< motire + -ate*.] To 
motive ; act as a motive or as the inciting cause 
of; induce. 
Tlie expulsions from Southern Russia have not been 
motivated by any new circumstances. 
American Hebrew, XXXVI. 88. 
motivation (mo-ti-va'shon), n. [< motivate + 
-i<>.] The act or manner of motivating; the 
act or process of furnishing with an incentive 
or inducement to action. 
motive (mo'tiv), a. and n. [I. a. = Sp. Pg. It. 
wotiro, < ML. motivus, serving to move, motive, 
< L. monere, pp. motiix, move : see move. II. n. 
< ME. motif, < OF. motif, F. motif = Sp. Pg. It. 
motivo, < ML. motivum, a motive, moving cause, 
neut. of motivus, serving to move : see I.] I. a. 
Causing motion ; having power to move some 
one or something; tending to produce motion. 
Generals, even In spiritual things, are less perceived and 
less motive than particulars. 
Jer. Taylor, Works (ed. 1835), I. T. 
Motive power or force. () The whole power or force 
acting upon any body or quantity of matter to move it. 
(6) Moving or impelling force In a figurative sense. 
Such men as Spenser are not sent Into the world to be 
part of its motive power. 
Lowell, Among my Books, 2d ser., p. 166. 
(c) The department which has to do with the care and 
maintenance of the locomotives of a railway company : as, 
the superintendent of the motive poirer. 
II. w. 1. A mental state or force which in- 
duces an act of volition; a determining im- 
pulse; specifically, a desire for something; a 
gratification contemplated as the final cause 
of a certain action of the one desiring it. The 
term motive is also loosely applied to the object desired. 
The noun motive, in this sense, was brought Into general 
use by writers influenced by Hobbes (though he uses the 
adjective onlyX who held that men's actions are always 
governed by the strongest motive, and denied the freedom 
of the will. It is now, however, in common literary and 
conversational use, apart from any theory. 
What moves the mind, in ever)- particular instance, to 
determine its general power of directing to this or that 
particular motion or rest? And to this I answer, the mo- 
tive, for continuing in the same state or action is only the 
present satisfaction in It; the motive to change is always 
some uneasiness. 
Locke, Human Understanding, II. xxi. 29. 
Without another life, all other motives to perfection will 
be insufficient. Bp. Atterbury, Sermons, I. xi., l"ref. 
