mungo 
Kiist linli;iii plant. n/iliiitrlii-.n Minn/us, whose 
routs arc :i reputed cure for snako-bitcs. See 
MM 
lllUllgofa (imin-gi/fji). ii. The gopher, a kind 
of tortoise. 
I, tlesh of the t'other, or munyofa, as It is also called, 
Is con>.iileiv,l cMvllcnt eating. Xuv* Brfl., X. 780. 
mungOOS, . Se 
Mungos (mung'gos), M. [NL. : see mongoos.] 
1. A o;enusof African viverrine quadrupeds of 
tlie subfamily Illiinoi/iilinie, The Mungon fan- 
ciatun is si common species. 2. [(. c.] Same as 
tt01M000, 
mungrelt, '< and An obsolete spelling of 
ninniii'i ! . 
munguba (mun-go'bji), . [Native name.] A 
stately species of silk-cotton tree, Bombax Mnii- 
i/nliii, found on the Amazon and Rio Negro. 
mungyt (mun'ji), . [Origin obscure.] Dark; 
clouded; gloomy. 
Disperse this plague-distilling cloud, and clear 
My mangy soul Into a glorious day. 
Quarle*, Emblems, r 5. 
Munia(mu'ni-a), n. [NL. (Hodgson, 1836), from 
an E. Ind. name.] An extensive genus of plo- 
ceine birds of India and islands eastward, as M. 
ma jit or M. malacca, in which genus the paddy- 
bird is placed by some authors. See 1'adda. 
municipal (mu-nis'i-pal), a. [< F. municipal 
= Sp. Fg. municipal = It. munieipale, < L. mu- 
tiicipaliH, of or belonging to a citizen or a free 
town, < municeps (municip-), a citizen, an in- 
habitant of a free town (> municipium, a free 
town, having the right of a Komaii citizenship, 
but governed by its own laws), < munus, duty 
(see numerate), + capcre, take: see capable. \ 
1. Of or pertaining to the local self-govern- 
ment or corporate government of a city or town. 
When the time comes for the ancient towns of England 
to reveal the treasures of their municipal records, much 
light must be thrown upon the election proceedings of the 
middle agea. Stubbe, Const. Hist, { 422. 
2. Self-governing, as a free city. 
There are two distinct and opposite systems of adminis- 
tration, the municipal or self-governing, and the central- 
izing or bureaucratic. 
W. R. Grey, Misc. Essays, 2d ser., p. 48. 
3. Pertaining to the internal affairs of a state, 
kingdom, or nation, and its citizens: as, muni 
cipal law (which see, below) Municipal bor- 
ough. See borough*, 2 (a). Municipal corporation, 
court, judge, etc. See the nouns. Municipal law, a 
rule of civil conduct, prescribed by the civil power in a 
state, respecting the intercourse of the state with its 
members and of its members with each other, as distin- 
Kiiished from iutfriiiilitmtil law, the law of nations, etc. 
in this phrase, derived from the Roman law, the word 
municipal lias no specific reference to modern municipal- 
ities. 
The municipal laws of this kingdom . . . are of a vast 
extent, and . . . include in their generality all those sev- 
eral laws which are allowed as the rule and direction of 
justice and judicial proceedings. 
Sir M. Hale, Hist Com. Law of Eng. 
I call it municipal law, in compliance with common 
speech : for, though strictly that expression denotes the 
particular customs of one single municipium or free town, 
yet it may with sufficient propriety be applied to anyone 
state or nation which is governed by the same laws and 
customs. Blaclcstonc, Com., Int., J 2. 
The term municipal [for local or provincial law] seemed 
to answer tile purpose very well till it was taken by an 
Knglish author of the first eminence to signify Internal 
law in general, in contradistinction to international law, 
and the imaginary law of nature. It might still be used 
in this sense, without scruple, in any other language. 
llentham, Introd. to Morals and Legislation, xvil. 2(5, note. 
municipalisation, . Sec niiiiiicipali;ntion. 
municipalism (mu-nis'i-pal-izm), n. [= F. mu- 
nici/>alixic ; as miiiiii-ipal 4- -(',>/.] Systematic 
municipal government ; the tendency to or pol- 
icy of government by municipalities. 
municipality (mu-nis-i-pal'i-ti), .; pi. munici- 
/Kililii-s (-tiz). [= F. iiinnicii>nKtf = Sp. muni- 
ci/ialidad = Pg. iiniiiici/ialitlailf = It. municipa- 
liti'i : us municipal + -('///.] A town or city pos- 
sessed of corporate privileges of local self-gov- 
ernment; a community under municipal juris- 
diction. 
We have not relegated religion (like something we were 
ashamed to shew) to obscure miniiW/Hi(i'/i>&orrustick vil- 
lages. Burke, Rev. in France. 
London claims the first place . . . as thegreatest muni. 
ripalilu. us the model on which . . . the other large towns 
of the' country were allowed or charged to adjust their 
usages. Stubbs, Const. Hist., 486. 
municipalization (inu-nis'i-pal-i-za'shon), . 
[< municipal + -/:< -t- -<tliiin.~] The act or pro- 
cess of converting (a community) in to a munici- 
pality, of bringing it under municipal control, or 
of providing for it the privileges of local self- 
government. Also spelled m/iiiici/ni/i.'iiiliiiii. 
The proposal seems to aim at the municipaluati'>n < >f 
land, by placing the local authority in the position ..t 
ultimate landlord. NtMfcMtl CMWy, XVIII. r>Y 
Such is the present position of affairs in I'arix, and it 
certainly points in the direction of the mnniciiialaation 
of Hi, bread ti:nlr. Lancet, No. 346, p. 2UO. 
municipally (mu-nis'i-pal-i), a<ly. In a muni- 
cipal manner; as regards municipal rule. 
municipium (mu-ni-sip'i-um), n.; pi. muiiici- 
\iin (-ii). [L.: see municipal.] In ancient 
times, an Italian town with local rights of self- 
government and some of the privileges of Ko- 
inaii citizenship; later, a town-government 
similarly constituted, wherever situated. 
A colony was brought to It (the ancient Carnuntum) ; it 
was made a municipium ; and the emperor Aurelius spent 
much of his time in this city. 
I'ocrx-Jte, Description of the East, II. II. 241. 
nmnifict (mu-nif'ik), a. [< It. ////<, < L. 
iiiiinijicus, bountiful, liberal, < munus, a pres- 
ent, + facere, make.] Liberal; lavish. Black- 
Incl:, Hymn to Divine Love. 
munificatet (mu-nif 'i-kat). r. I. [< L. miuiififa- 
tus, pp. of munijicare, present, < munificus, pres- 
ent-making: see munijic.] To enrich. r<7.-- 
criim. 
munificence 1 (mu-nif'i-sens), n. [< F. munifi- 
cence = 8p. Pg. munificencia = It. munificenza, 
n.-irt, < ' 
mur 
M'-n must beware that, in the procuring or munitingot 
religious unity, they do not dissolve and deface the lawi 
of charity. Bacon, I nlty In Religion. 
Monasteries strongly munitfit agnlnst the incursions of 
robbers and plrati. Sandyi, Travailes, p. 64. 
munition (mu-nish'on), M. [< F. mum/inn = Sp. 
municioH = i'g. miiniedo = It. munizione, < L. 
iiiiiiiilio(n-), adefendmg, a fortification, < mii- 
L. munijicentia, bountif ulness : 
see munificent.] The quality or character of 
being munificent ; a giving or bestowing with 
great liberality or lavishness ; bounty; liberal- 
ity. Also muni/iwncy.= Syn. Liberality, Oenerotity, 
etc. (see benrjicence\ bounteousness, bountifulness. 
munificence 2 !, " [Irreg. < L. muni-re, fortify 
(see muniment), -r- -ficentia, < facen(t-)s, ppr. of 
facere, make.] Fortification or strength ; de- 
fense. Spenser, F. O_., II. x. 15. 
munificency (mu-nif'i-sen-si), n. Same as inii- 
Hijieencc 1 . Sandys. Travailes, p. 72. 
munificent (mu-nif 'i-sent), <J. [= It. munifi- 
cente, < L. as it *munificen(t-)s, equiv. to muni- 
ficus, bountiful: see munific.] 1. Extremely 
liberal in giving or bestowing; very generous : 
as, a munificent benefactor or patron. 
Think It not enough to be liberal, but munificent. 
Sir T. Browne, Christ. Mor., 1. 6. 
2. Characterized by great liberality or lavish 
generosity: as, a munificent gift. 
Essex felt this disappointment keenly, but found con- 
solation in the most munificent and delicate liberality. 
ii, Lord Bacon. 
= 8yn. Bountiful, bounteous, princely. See beneficence. 
munificently (mu-nif'i-sent-li), flrfc. In a mu- 
nificent manner; with remarkable liberality or 
generosity. 
munifyt, '. [Irreg. < L. muni-re, fortify, + 
-fy-1 To fortify. [Rare.] 
The king assails, the barons mtinifn'il. 
Draylon, Barons' Wars, II. st. 34. 
muniment (mu'ni-ment), H. [Formerly also 
mnnymmt and, rarely, miuiment; < OF. muni- 
ment = L. mitnimentum, a defense, (. munire, 
OL. mocnirt, furnish with walls, fortify, < nioe- 
nia, mcenia, walls.] If. A fortification of any 
kind; a stronghold; a place of defense. 2. 
Support; defense. 
The arm our soldier, 
Our steed the leg, the tongue our trumpeter, 
With other muniments and petty helps. 
SAn*.,Cor., i. 1. 122. 
We cannot spare the coarsest muniment of virtue. 
Emerson, Conduct of Life. 
3. A document by which claims and rights are 
defended or maintained; a title-deed; a deed, 
charter, record, etc., especially such as belong 
to public bodies, or those in which national, 
manorial, or ecclesiastical rights and privileges 
are concerned. 
The privileges of London were recognized (at the time 
of the coronation of William the Conqueror) by a royal 
writ which still remains, the most venerable of Its muni- 
mento, among the city's archives. 
/. R. Green, Conq. of Eng., p. 553. 
4. Any article preserved or treasured as of spe- 
cial interest or value, as jewels, relics, etc. 
Upon a day as she him sate beside, 
By chance he certaine minitnruta forth drew 
Which yet with him as relickes did abide. 
Sprrurr, . Q., IV. viil. 6. 
Muniment-house, muniment-room, a house or room 
in cathedrals, colleges, collejriute churches, castles, or pub- 
lic buildings, purposely made for keeping deeds, charters, 
writings, etc. 
munion, . Sec IHIIHIIIHII. 
munitet (niu-nif), r. t. [< L. munitux, pp. of ;- 
nirc. (>!.. Him nire (> It. niiinirc = Pg. F. miiiY, 
furnish with walls, fortify). < mwnia, munin. 
walls.] To fortify; strengthen. 
= ST 
, t-), a de 
g, pp. of munire, defend: see iiiniiiti:.] If. 
Fortification. 
Keep the munition, watch the way. Naham ii. 1. 
2. Materials used in war for defense or for at- 
tack; war material : military stores of all kinds; 
ammunition; provisions: often in the plural. 
A very strong citadel at the west end, exceedingly well 
furnished with i,n</o'//".i, wherein there are five hundred 
pieces of Ordinance. Coryat, Cniditiea, I. 7. 
Ills majesty might command all his subjects, at their 
charge, to provide and furnish such number of ships, with 
men, munition, and victuals, and for such time as he should 
think flt Hallam. 
Torpedo-boats, iron-dads, and perfected weapons and 
munitiiHix at the service of any government that has money 
to buy them. The Century, XXXVIII. 318. 
3. Figuratively, material for the carrying out 
of any enterprise. 
/'' ". Cant. Your man of law 
And learn'd attorney has sent you a bag of munition. 
Fcn.jun. . . . What Is 't? 
I'm. Cant. Three hundred pieces. 
11. Jontan, Staple of News, I. 1. 
munityt (mu'm-ti), n. [< OF. munite, for im- 
munite: see immunity.] Immunity; freedom; 
security. W. Montague, Devoute Essays, I. iv. 2. 
munjah (mun'jii), n. Same as mooiijo. 
munjeet (mun-jet'),w. [Also mungeet ; < Hind. 
manjit, a drug used for dyeing red.] 1. An 
East Indian madder-plant, Rubin eordifolia, tak- 
ing to some extent the place of the common 
madder, and like the latter affording garancin. 
2. The dyestuff obtained from its root. 
munjistin (mun-jis'tin), n. [< munjeet (*mun- 
ji[s]t) + -in 2 .] An orange coloring matter 
(CgHgOg) contained, together with purpurin, in 
munjeet or East Indian madder. It is nearly 
related in composition to purpurin and alizarin. 
munna (mun'a). [Same as maunna.] Must 
not. [Scotch.] 
munnion (mun'yon), 11. [Also munion; < F. 
moignon, a blunt end or stump, as of an am- 
putated limb (= Sp. munon, the stump of an 
amputated limb, = Pg. munn&o, a trunnion of 
a gun, = It. mugnone, a carpenters' munnion, 
moneone, a stump), < OF. moing (> Bret, mon, 
moun, etc.) = It. manco, maimed, < L. mancutt, 
maimed: see manlcl. The F. moignon does not 
appear in the particular sense ' munnion,' the 
F. form for which is meneau, OF. menel. Hence, 
by corruption, mullion, now the common form 
in arch. use. MonialV, muntin, and munting ap- 
pear to be other forms of the same word, due to 
some orig. misunderstanding.] 1. A mullion. 
[Obsolete or provincial.] 2. In ship-building: 
(a) Apiece of carved work placed between the 
lights in a ship's stern and quarter-galleries. 
(6) A piece placed vertically to divide the 
panels in framed bulkheads. 
mun-pins (mun'pinz), n.pl. [< ME. mompyntt, 
mane-pins; < mun 1 + pin.] Teeth. [Obsolete 
or prov. Eng.] 
Thy mone-pynnef bene lyche old yvory. 
Lydyate, Minor Poems, p. 30. (llaUiuvll.) 
munst, ". [Cf. muni.] The face. Bailey, 1731. 
muntt, n. A Middle English form of m'n< 2 . 
muntin, munting (mun'tin, -ting), n. [See 
munnion.] The central vertical piece that di- 
vides the panels of a door. 
Muntingia (mun-tin'ji-a), H. [NL. (Plumier, 
1703), named after Abraham Miiiiting, professor 
of botanyatGroningen,whodiedabout 1683.] A 
genus of dicotyledonous shrubs, of the polypet- 
a Ions order Tiliatta; and the tribe Tilieir, known 
by its many-seeded berry. There is but one species, 
M. Calakura, a native of tropical America, bearing white 
bramble-like flowers and fruit like cherries. Its wood is 
used for staves, etc., its bark for cordage. See calabur-trce 
and gilkwood. 
mnntjac, muntjack (munt'jak), n. [Java- 
nese.] A small deer of Java, Cerrulus muntjac, 
belonging to the subfamily ('errulina: The term 
is extended to the several specie* of the same genus. 
They are diminutive deer, resembling to some extent 
musk-deer and chevrotains. The male has small simple 
spiked antlers and long tusk-like canine teeth : the female 
Is hornless and without tusks. These animals inhabit 
southern and eastern parU of Asia as well as some of the 
adjacent Islands. Also written muntjat, mintjac. 
Muntz's metal. See metal. 
mur 1 (mer). w. [A var. of mouse, ME. mous, mug, 
< AS. m us = L. nnix (mur-), a mouse: see 
minme.] A mouse. Hnlliinll. [Prov. Eng.J 
