muscle 
",,</ '"V""*. Musi-les subject to the will :tn- /'<>/i,, </"/</. 
tlii-'ir I'll" i- ,-n e Mnped. and they eotnposr tlir great hulk 
of the muscular flynom, l,n-lniiini-ii muscles are not -ui> 
ject to the will; t'hc> ;n> neiMTally nn.-triped, though the 
heart is an exception to this. lie. Mow organs whose walls 
:n . notaMy iimseiilar, a* tin- heart, intestine, bladder, and 
u 01 nt i. are Vailed luil/nii u/nxrli'*. Striped or voluntary 111118- 
clr is Minieriliirs e.illrd niiixfli' nj ttniiiull lift', an dintill- 
guifthed from iinstii|H-.l involuntary muscle o/ organic life. 
3. A purl, organ, or tissue, of whatever hi-t" 
logiotu cliaraetrr. \vliich has the property of 
(oiitrai'lilily. ami is thus capable of motion in 
itself. 4. Figuratively, muscular strength; 
brawn: :is, u man of miwr.le Active Insuffi- 
ciency of a muscle. Ht-fitfHi/ii-inn-H. Alarymuscles, 
in insects, delicate fan-shaped musrlcs in tlie upper part 
of the abdomen. rarh pair uniting by the expanded portion 
brln\v (he dorsal vessrl or heart: collectively they have 
h. ni ealle I the /H'rii-nnHttl .s./^/m. Their ftlnctfon ap- 
prar* to be to prnniote tlie eirenlation of the blood by al- 
tering the size of the perieardlal cavity. AmatOrlal 
muscles, see iintninrnii. Appendlcular muscles, 
those whieh belong to the appendicillar skeleton ; muscles 
of the limbs. Artificial muscle, an elastic bawl of 
caoutchouc worn to supply the place of or to supplement 
the action of some paralyzed or weakened muscle. Axial 
muscles, those which belong to the axial skeleton ; mus- 
cles of the trunk, including the head and tail. Canine, 
ciliary, dermal, etc., muscle. See the adjectives. 
Grief-muscles, a name given by Darwin to the orbicu- 
laris palpchraruin, corrugator supercilii. pyrainldalis nasi, 
and central anterior parts of the occipitofrontalis mus- 
cles, which draw the features into an expression of grief. - 
Grlnnlng-muscle, the levator angull oris, one of the mus- 
cles of expression. Hilton's muscle. (After the anato- 
mist Hilton.} The lower aryepiglottie or inferior aryteuo- 
epii;lottidean muscle, called by Hilton compressor sacculi 
larynyi*. Homer's muscle. [After the anatomist HOT- 
H>'I-.\ The tensor tarsi, a very small muscle at the inner 
side of the orbit, inserted into the tarsal cartilages of the 
eyelids. -Hypaxial, hypothenar, etc., muscles. See 
the adjectives. Intercostal muscles, two seta of mus- 
cles, the external and the internal, their fibers crossing 
each other obliquely, connecting the adjacent margins of 
the ribs throughout nearly their whole extent. They are 
concerned in the actof respiration. Kissing-muscle, the 
orbicular muscle or sphincter of the mouth: technically 
called the nrbicularis oris, oiicitlaris, and basiator. Mul- 
ler's palpebral muscle. [After H. M. Matter. \ A layer 
of smooth muscular fibers in either lid, inserted near the 
attached margin of the tarsus, and innervated through the 
cervical sympathetic. Muscles of deglutition, of mas- 
tication, etc. See deylutitinn, mastication, etc. Orbic- 
ular, pyramidal, quadrate, etc., muscles. See the ad- 
jectives. Snarling-muscle, the levator labii superioris, 
as of the dog, which, when it acts, displays the teeth, as in 
snarling. Sneering-muscle, the human levator labii 
superioris alojque nasi, which acts in the expression of 
sneering. (For other muscles, see their special names.) 
muscle-, a. See lilHitsel. 
muscle-band, . See mussel-band. 
musclebill (mus'1-bil), . The surf-scoter, a 
duck, (Eilcmia perxpicillata. (l-.TrumbuU. [Ken- 
nebunk, Maine.] 
muscle-case (mus'1-kas), . A muscle-compart- 
ment. 
muscle-casket (mus'l-kas"ket), . A muscle- 
compartment. 
muscle-cell (mus'1-sel), . A cell from which 
muscular tissue is derived ; a myamoeba ; a 
myocyte. 
The connection with the muscle-cells. 
C. Claus, Zool. (trans.), p. 45. 
muscle-clot (mus'1-klot), >i. The substance 
formed as a clot in the coagulation of muscle- 
plasm; mvosin. 
muscle-column (mus'l-kol"um), . 1. A bundle 
of muscular fibers. 2. A muscle-prism. 
muscle-compartment (mus'1-kom-piirt 'meut), 
. Tlie prismatic space bounded at both ends 
by Krause's membrane (intermediate disk) and 
laterally by the longitudinal planes which mark 
out Cohuheim's areas. It is occupied by a mus- 
cle-prism. Also mimcle-CHxr. m uncle-casket. 
muscle-corpuscle (mus'l-k6r"pus-l), H. A mus- 
cle-nucleus. especially in a striated muscle. 
muscle-current (mus'l-kur'ent), n. See cur- 
/</' . 
muscled (mus'ld),rt. [< muscle! + -e<J2.] Hav- 
ing muscles or muscxilar tissue; musculated: 
used in composition: as, a strong-miwcferf man. 
muscle-nucleus (mus'l-nu*kle-us), n. A nu- 
cleus of a muscle-fiber. In the striated muscles of 
mammals these are usually placed on the inner surface of 
the siireolemtna. 
muscle-plasm (mus'l-plazm), n. The liquid 
expressed from muscle minced and mixed while 
living with snow and a little salt. It coagulates, 
forming a clot (myosin) and muscle-serum. 
muscle-plate (mns'1-plat). . A primitive seg- 
ment df the meaoderm of an embryo destined 
to become a muscle or series of muscles ; a myo- 
comma, myomere, or myotome. Also called 
Most of the voluntary nmselesof the binly are developed 
from a series of portions of mesoderm which ... are 
termed the muscle-plate*. Qttniii, Anat.. II. i:i2. 
muscle-plum (nms'l-plum). n. A dark-purple 
plum. IliilliirrU. 
3005 
mUSCle-prism (miis'l-pri/m), . The prismatii- 
muss ul' imis.-lc-rods occupying a musclc-eom 
partment. 
muscle-reading (mus'l-re'ding), w. The de- 
tection ami interpretation of slight involuntary 
contractions of the muscles by a person whose 
hand is placed upon the subject of experimen- 
tation. 
In tin- researches I made on mutcle reailitifi . it was 
shewn over and over that by pure chance only the blind- 
fold subject would, under certain conditions, tlnd the ob- 
ject looked for in one cage, and sometimes In two cues 
out of twelve. Proe. Sue. Psych. KeKarch., I. 17. 
muscle-rod (mus'1-rod), . A segment id' :i 
muscle-fibrilla between two successive Krause's 
membranes (intermediate disks). 
muscle-serum (mus'l-se'rum), n. The serum 
formed on the coagulation of muscle-plasm. 
muscle-SUgar (mns'1-shug iir), H. Inosite. 
muscling (mtis'ling), H. muscle 1 + -inj/ 1 .] 
Exhibition or representation of the muscles. 
A good piece, the painters say, must have good iiiuxciin?t, 
as well as colouring and drapery. Shaftetfiury. 
muscoid (mus'koid), a. and H. [< L. muscus, 
(see moss*), moss, + Gr. elAof, fonn.] I. a. In 
hot., moss-like; resembling moss. Also musci- 
fiinii. 
II. n. One of the mosses; a moss-like plant, 
muscological (mus-ko-loj'i-kal), a. [< numcol- 
oij-ij + -ic-al.] Belonging or pertaining to mus- 
cology. 
muscologist (mus-kol'o-jist), . [< nnmcolot/-// 
+ -int.] One skilled in the science of muscol- 
ogy ; a bryologigt. 
The tribe of Sphagnaceie. or Bog-Mosses, is now sepa- 
rated by Mttxrolii'iifitx from true Mosses. 
IT. B. Carpenter, Micros., 3S9. 
muscology (mus-kol'o-ji), n. [= F. muscologii; 
< L. muKCUs, moss, + Gr. -~fj>yia, < Myctv, speak : 
see -ology.~\ The branch of botany that treats of 
mosses ; also, a discourse or treatise on mosses. 
Also called bryology. 
muscosity (mus-kos'i-ti), H. [< L. mtiseosus, 
mossy, < muscus, moss (see mo.w 1 ), + -ity.] Mos- 
siness. 
muscovado (mus-ko-va'do), H. [Also muscova- 
da ; = F. moscouade, mascouade,<. Sp. moscabado, 
moscabada, mascobado, mascobada, for azucar 
mascobado, inferior or unrefined sugar.] Unre- 
fined sugar; the raw material from which loaf- 
sugar and lump-sugar are procured by refining. 
Muscovado is obtained from the juice of the sugar-cane 
by evaporation and draining off the liquid part called 
MtaM 
Muscovite (mus'ko-vit), . and a. [Formerly 
also Moscovite ; < If. Muscovite, now Muscovite 
= Sp. Moseovita = D. Moskoviet = G. Moskoici- 
ter = Sw. Dan. Moskorit; as Muscovy (ML. Mua- 
coria), Russia (< Russ. Mo/tkova (> G. Monkau. 
F. Moscou), Moscow), + -(to 2 .] I. n. 1. A native 
or an inhabitant of Muscovy or the principal- 
ity of Moscow, or, by extension, of Russia. 2. 
[/. c.l In mineral., common or potash mica (see 
mi'j2), a silicate of aluminium and potassium, 
with the latter element in part replaced by hy- 
drogen; the light-colored mica, varying from 
nearly white to pale smoky brown, which is 
characteristic of granite, gneiss, and other re- 
lated crystalline rocks: formerly called Musco- 
''.'/ ;/!ttxx. in granitic veins it sometimes occurs In plates 
of great size, and is often mined, as for example in western 
North Carolina; In thin plates it is used in stoves, win- 
dows, etc. When ground up it is used as a lubricator, for 
giving a silvery sheen to wall-paper, etc. Phengite Is a 
variety of muscovite containing more silica than the com- 
mon kinds. The name hydromifa or hydromiucovite is 
sometimes given to the varieties which yield considerable 
water on ignition. These usually have a pearly or silky 
luster and a talc-like feel, and are less elastic than the less 
hydrous kinds: damourlte, margarodite, and sericite are 
here included. Fuchsite is a green-colored variety of 
muscovite containing chromium. In 1887 the production 
of mica (muscovite) in the United States was about 70,000 
pounds, valued at nearly $150,000; 2,000 tons of mica- 
waste, valued at 15,000, were ground for use. (Jh'n. He- 
sources of the U. S., 1887.) 
3. [/. c.] The desman or Muscovitic rat. 
II. a. Of or pertaining to Muscovy, or Mos- 
cow, a former principality in central Russia, 
and the nucleus of the Russian empire ; by ex- 
tension, of or pertaining to Russia. 
I have used the word Mtucnrite in the sense of "pertain- 
ing to the Tsardom of Muscovy," and Moscovite in the 
sense of "pertaining to the town of Moscow." 
D. M. Wallace, Russia, p. 420. 
Muscovitic (mus-ko-vit'ik), . [< Mitneoeite + 
-<.] Same as .)//!//. 
niUSCOVy (mus'ko-vi). .; pi. tnx<-i>ritx (-viz). 
[Short for .)/i/.sr<iry din-k (see iu.*l:-<litck).] A 
Muscovy duck or musk-duck. See duck-. 1. 
ami mxl;-<liK'l:, 1. 
Muscovy glass. See musconte, 2. 
musculation 
She were an excellent lady hut that her face peeleth like 
lliucocy-glan. Huntm and Webster, Malcontent, I. 8. 
muscular (mus'ku-liir), 11. [= F. Hiiixi-iiliin-i 
= Sp. I'g. miixriiliir It. iiiiixcii/in-i; iiiiixriilarr, 
< NL. 
*OTfMCtem, of muscle, < L. 
muscle: see mrwr/e 1 .] 1. Of or pertaining in 
any way to muscle or muscles; composing, con- 
stituting, or consisting of muscle: as, the 
i-nliir system; Hiiixi-iilin- origin or insertion; 
mwenfer fiber or tissue. 2. Done by or de- 
pendent upon muscle or muscles: as, 
ni n ^i ulnr movement; HiKr/flrstrength. 
3. Well-muscled; havingwell-developedmus- 
cles; strong: sinewy; brawny: us, a muxnilin 
man. 4. Figuratively, strong and vigorous. 
No mind becomes muscular without rude and early ex- 
ercise. Bulirer, My Novel, Ix. IB. 
Muscular Christianity. See Christianity. [The origl- 
nation of this phrase has been generally attributed to 
Charles Kingsley ; but he expressly repudiates It. 
We have heard much of late about "Muscular Chrinti 
unity." A clever expression, spoken in jest by 1 know not 
whom, has been bandied about the world, and supposed 
by many to represent some new ideal of the Christian char- 
acter. For myself, I do not know what it means. 
Letters and Menviriei of Charles Kingsley, II. 212. | 
Muscular fascicle, fasciculus, or lacertus, a bundle 
of a variable number of parallel muscular fibers. - Mus- 
cular fiber, (a) Muscular tissue, as composed of fibers. 
(6) One of the fibers of which muscular tissue is ultimate- 
ly composed. Muscular fibril, fibrillation, see the 
nouns. Muscular impression, the mark of the inser- 
tion of a muscle, as of an adductor muscle on the Inner sur- 
face of a bivalve shell. See cut at ciburimn. Muscular 
insertion, one of the attachments of an individual mus- 
cle, generally that inserted in the smaller or more movable 
part. Muscular motion, muscular movement, the 
motion or movement which results from the action of mus- 
cles. Muscular plate, fame asitwrff-trfofe. Muscu- 
lar rheumatism. Same as maalyia. Muscular sen- 
sations, feelings which accompany the action of the mus- 
cles. (James MM, 1829.) By these a knowledge Is obtained 
of the condition of the muscles, and the extent to which 
they are contracted, of the position of various parts of the 
body, and of the resistance offered by external bodies. 
Muscular sense, muscular sensations or the capacity 
of experiencing them, especially considered as a means 
of information. Muscular stomach, a sUimach with 
thick muscular walls, as the gizzard of a fowl : distin- 
guished from the glandular titrrmach, or proventriculus. 
Muscular system, the total of the muscular tissue or 
sum of the individual muscles of the body; musculation 
or musculature, regarded as a set of similar organs or 
system of like parts, comparable to the nervous system, 
the ossemts system, etc. Muscular tissue, the proper 
contractile substance of muscle; muscular fiber. It Is 
of two kinds striated or striped muscle, and smooth. 
The former, of which all the ordinary' muscles of the trunk 
and limbs and the heart are composed, consists of bundles 
Striated Muscular Tissue, magnified about 250 diameters. 
. /, a muscular fiber without its sarcolemma, breaking up at one 
end into its nbrilkr ; ft, two separate nbrilbr : < . a muscular fiber 
breaking up into disks ; /', a muscular fiber of which the contractile 
substance [a, a) is torn across while the sarcolemma ( 6) has not given 
way. 
of fibers which present a striated appearance, and arc 
enveloped in and bound together by connective tissue 
which also supports the vessels and nerves of the muscle. 
Striated muscle-fibers, except those of the heart, have an 
outer sheath of sarcolemma. Smooth muscular tissue 
consists of elongated band-like non-striated fibers, each 
with a rod-like nucleus ; they do not break up into flbrlllie. 
and have no sarcolemma. Muscular tube, in ichth., a 
myodome. = Syn. 3. Sinewy, stalwart, sturdy, lusty, vig- 
orous, powerful. 
muscularity (mus-ku-lar'j-ti), H. [< mtixrulur 
+ -<ty.] The state, quality, or condition of be- 
ing muscular. 
mnscularize (mus'ku-liir-iz), r. t.; pret. and pp. 
niKfTH/iirr.iil. ppr. niiixrulnri;ing. [< muscular 
+ -ire.] To make muscular or strong; de- 
velop muscular strength in. Lotccll, Among 
my Books, 2d ser., p. 5. 
muscularly (mus'ku-lar-li), adr. With mus- 
cular power; strongly; as regards muscular 
strength. 
musculation (mus-kn-la'shon), . [= F. HI.- 
/ as L. muscuius, muscle, + -afiow.] The 
