museography 
systematic description orwrittcn olftMiAefttion 
of objects iii a museum. Also mutxeograpky. 
museologist (mu-ze-ol'o-jist), . f< niii.t, )//-// 
+ -int.] One versed in museology. 
3907 
music 
A 
Eng.] 6. The best kind of iron ore. IIiilli- 
"'' II. Mush muddle, pot-pie. (Cape Cod.) ~ ~ Oeurye Eliot, Daniel Deronda, xlvl. 
mush- (mush), v. t. [Perhaps a var. of MM. r. over-ripe, mushy, braised, and partially decayed fruit 
To nick or notch (dress-fabrics) round the edges ma kes a poor dark-colored dried product 
with a stamp, for ornament. Sei. Amer., N. 8., LXI. 232. 
' V -<f2.] ghat- music (mu'zik), n. [< ME. mturik, musi/k, mu- 
[Prov. Eng.] gj^ _ Jj. miizirl,; mu:ijk = Ml.li. Mll<i. inn- 
museology (mii-/.e-oro-ji), >i. [<'Nlj. iiiiisriiiii, mushed (musht), a. [< mush* 
museum, + fir. ->;<", < >'/f'"i speak: see -olo- tered; depressed; "used up." 
f/i/ ] The science of arranging and managing Going about all day without changing her cap, and look- 
museums. Ms -o/,, W . [Recent.] Ing a. If she "*, Mm on ^ ^ , & 
But the account of the last [general arrangements of the . . 
wveral muscumsl is generally unsatisfactory and imper- musheront, . An obsolete form of muxliroom. 
feet, while very slight r no mention Is made of such dc- mushetour, . In her., same as muschftor. 
vii'i's i :m' (nariii-tcrM.luiilly American, and in which m ushaUash-rOOt '< OOO mUSOUCUSh-rOOt. 
, notably advanced by u*^ ^ ^ ush ? oom (musu ' r om), n. anf a. [Also dial. 
or obs. iiiiixliriinii', mushrump, musheron; < ME. 
musheron, muscheroii, < OP. motwcteron, mouse- 
ran, a mushroom, < mousse, moss: see mo** 1 .] 
I. . 1. A cryptogamic plant of the class FM- 
gi: applied in a general sense to almost any 
of the larger, conspicuous fungi, such as toad- 
stools, puffballs, Hydnei, etc., but more partic- 
ularly to the agaricoid fungi and especially to 
the edible forms. The species most usually cultivated 
hi the Agaricus campestris, edible agaric or mushroom. 
Mushrooms are found In all parts of the world, and are 
usually of very rapid growth. In some localities they form 
a staple article of food. In Tlerra del Fuego the natives live 
largely upon Cytharia Danrinii, and in Australia many 
species of Boletus are used as food by the natives. Many 
mushrooms are poisonous, and the selection of those suit- 
able for cooking should be intrusted to competent judges. 
See cut under Agaricus. 
Hither the Emperour Claudius repaired. In hope to re- 
cover his health through the temperature of the air, . . . 
but contrarlly here met with the mushrames that poysoncd 
him. Sandys, Travailes, p. 236. 
Hence 2. An uostart ; one who rises rapidly 
from a low condition in life. 
But cannot brook a night-grown mushrump 
Such a one as my lord of Cornwall is 
Should bear us down of the nobility. 
Marlowe, Edward II., i. 4. 
And we must glorify 
A mushroom ! one of yesterday ! 
B. Jonson, Catiline, II. 1. 
3. A small mushroom-shaped protuberance that 
sometimes forms on the end of the negative 
carbon in arc-lamps Cup-mushroom, a common 
name for certain discomycetous fungi, particularly of the 
genus/Vnox. See DiscomyceUs&n&Peziza, Devil's mush- 
room, a name given to many poisonous fungi resembling 
. 82. 
muser (mu'zer), n. One who muses; one who 
acts, speaks, or writes as in a revOrio ; an ab- 
sent-minded person. 
He (Arnold] is not, like most elegiac poets, a mere sad 
muser; he is always one who Hnds a secret of Joy In the 
midst of pain. Contemporary Ken., XL1X, 530. 
muse-rid (muz'rid), a. Ridden by a Muse or 
the Muses; possessed by poetical enthusiasm. 
[Rare.] 
No meagre Muse-rid mope, adust and thin, 
In a dun night-gown of his own loose skin. 
Pope, Dunclad, ii. 87. 
muset (mu'set), n. [Also muxit; dim. of mmeP.] 
Same as muse 3 , 1. 
The many miMcte through the which he [the hare] goes 
Arc like a labyrinth to amaze his foes. 
.s7.ii/.-., Venus and Adonis, 1. 683. 
musette (mu-zef), . [F., dim. of OF. muse, a 
pipe, a bagpipe, = It. musa, < ML. musa, a 
bagpipe, < L. musa, a song, a Muse: see 
iftweC] 1. A small and simple variety of 
oboe. 2. A form of bagpipe once very popular 
in France, having a compass of from ten to thir- 
teen tones. 3. A quiet pastoral melody, usual- 
ly with a drone-bass, written in imitation of a 
bagpipe tune : often introduced as one of the 
parts of the old-fashioned suite, especially as 
a contrast to the gavotte. Such melodies were often 
used as dance-tunes ; and thus the term musette was ex- 
tended to tha dance for which they were used. 
museum (rau-ze'um), n. [= F. museum, muste= 
Sp. museo = Pg. museu = It. museo, < L. mu- 
seum, < Gr. ftovaciov, a temple of the Muses, a 
place of study, a library or museum, also (late) edibie'mushrooms. [Colloq.'l-Fairy-ringf mushroom, 
mosaic, < /iolaa, a Muse : see Jfiwe^.J A build- gee champignon and Marasmius. St. George's mush- 
ing or part of a building appropriated as a re- 
lository of things that have an immediate 
pository of things that have an immediate re- 
lation to literature, art, or science ; especially 
and usually, a collection of objects in natural 
history, or of antiquities or curiosities. Among 
the leading museums may be mentioned in Italy, the 
Vatican (developed largely from the sixteenth to the eigh- 
teenth centuries) and the Capitollne at Eome, the Uftizi 
and ritti Palace at Florence, the great Museo Nazionale at 
Naples, and the Brera at Milan ; in France, the Louvre (per- 
haps the most Important in the world, opened 1793X the 
Luxembourg (devoted to recent art), the Trocadero, and 
the Hotel de Cluny at Paris ; in Germany, the Zwinger 
(founded in the eighteenth century) at Dresden, the mu- 
seums of Berlin, and the (ilyptothek and Plnakothek at 
Munich ; in Great Britain, the Ashmolean at Oxford (open- 
ed 1683) and the British Museum (the largest In the coun- 
try founded 1753) and the South Kensington Museum 
(illustrative of the industrial arts) at London. There are 
very notable museums at St. Petersburg, at Madrid, and 
at Athens ; and the museum at Ghizeh (formerly Bonlak), 
near Cairo, has a world-wide reputation. In the United 
States the chief museums are the Museum of Fine Arts at 
Boston, the Metropolitan Museum at New York, and the 
room, a species of mushroom, Agaricus gamoosus, which 
appears in May and June, growing in rings. The name is 
also given to A. anemis. 
II. a. 1. Of or pertaining to mushrooms; 
made of mushrooms : as, mushroom sauce. 2. 
Resembling mushrooms in rapidity of growth 
and in unsubstantiality; ephemeral; upstart: 
as, mushroom aristocracy. 
Somebody buys all the quack medicines that build pal- 
aces for the mushroom, say rather the toadstool, million- 
aires. 0. W. Holmes, Med. Essays, p. 186. 
Mushroom anchor, catchup, coral, etc. See the nouns. 
Mushroom head, the nose-plate on the inner part of 
the breech-plug of a breech-loading cannon. See nose-plate, 
and second cut under /ermeture. 
mushroom (mush'rom), v. t. [< mushroom, w.] 
To elevate suddenly in position or rank. 
The prosperous upstart mushroomed Into rank. 
Richardson, Clarissa Harlowe, I. 297. (Dames.) 
mushroom-hitches (mush'rom-hich'ez), n. pi. 
Inequalities in the floor of a coal-mine, occa- 
, , 
National Museum at Washington. The meaning to the sioned by the projection of basaltic or other 
term museum Is sometimes extended, especially on the stony substances. Halliwell. [Prov. Eng.] 
continent of Europe, to include galleries of pictures and mu8 h.room-Spawn. (mush'rom-sp&n), n. The 
. ^.1 , ^f substance in which the reproductive mycelium 
[Prob. ong. a dial. var. of fc mush room is embodied. 
ulpti 
mush 1 (mush), n. 
, mus room s emo. 
[Prov." Eng.] 
or milk until it forms a thick, soft mass: as, 
oatmeal mush ; mush and milk; specifically, 
such a preparation made from Indian corn; 
hasty-pudding. 
In thickness like a cane, It Nature roul'd 
Close up in leaves, to keep It from the cold ; 
Which being ground and boyl'd, Mush they make. 
Hardie, Last Voyage to Bermuda (1671). (BarOett.) 
Two small mushroom^tones, in form of a bluntish cone. 
. . . Fifteen other mushroom-stones of near the same shape 
with the precedent. . . . These are of a white colour, and 
in shape exactly resembling a sort of coralline fungus of 
marine original, which I have by me. 
Woodward, On Fossils, p. 137. 
mushroom-strainer (mush'rom -stra'ner), n. 
An inverted-dish strainer for cistern-pumps, so 
named from its shape. E. H. Knight. 
mushroom-sugar (mush'roin-shug'ar), n. Man- 
nito. 
mushru (mush'i-6), n. [Hind, mashrffa.] A 
washable material made inlndia,havinga glossy 
silk finish and a cotton back. It is used for 
wearing-apparel, and is very durable. 
3. Something resembling mush, as being soft m ushrump (mush'rmnp), n. An obsolete or 
and pulpy: as, muxh of mud. dialectal form of mushroom. 
I hati>, where I looked for a manly furtherance, or at mushy (musll'i), a. [< mush^ + -y 1 .] Like 
least iinianl) resistance, to find a A .>f coneesH.m. mush; soft; pulpv; without fiber or firmness. 
/.'HI, i.-.-ii, friendship. 
The death penalty is disappearing, like some better 
4. Fish ground up; churn; ponniee; stosh. things, beforea kind'of miMAj/andunthinkingdoubtoflU 
5. Dust; dusty refuse. Halliicetl. [Prov. morality and expediency. The Nation, Feb. 3, 1870, p. 67. 
Ev'n in thy native regions, how I blush 
To hear the Pcnnsylvanians call thee Mush ! 
Joel Barlow, Hasty Pudding, i. 
Why will people cook it [rice] into a mush? See how 
separate the grains are ! 
H'. M. Baker, New Timothy, p. 19. 
= G. Dan. Sw. muxik, < OF. (and F.) mu- 
e = Sp. musica = Pg. It. musica, music, < L. 
ica = AT. mugiqa = Turk. Hind, musu/i, < 
Gr. uovatidi (sc. rexvrj), any art over which the 
Mu-es presided, esp. lyric poetry set to melody, 
music ; fern, of /lavotnot, of the Muses (o jiovoi- 
ifor, a votary of the Muses, a poet, musician, 
man of letters), < uovaa, a muse: see Muse*.} 
1. Any pleasing succession of sounds or of 
combinations of sounds; melody or harmony: 
as, the music of the winds, or of the sea. 
For the armony 
And iweet accord was so good musike 
That the uolce to angels most was like. 
Flower and Lea/. 
In sweet music is such art, 
Killing care and grief of heart 
Fall asleep, or hearing die. 
Shak., Hen. VIII., 111. 1 (song). 
When those exact co-ordinations which the ear per- 
ceives as rhythm, tune, and tone-color are suggested to 
the ear by a series of musical sounds, the result Is music. 
S. Lanier, Scl. Eng. Verse, p. 48. 
The bird doth not betray the secret springs 
Whence note on note her music sweetly pours. 
Jones Very, Poems, p. 29. 
2. (n) The science of combining tones in rhyth- 
mic, melodic, and harmonic order, so as to pro- 
duce effects that shall be intelligible and agree- 
able to the ear. (6) The art of using rhythmic, 
melodic, and harmonic materials in the produc- 
tion of definite compositions, or works having 
scientific correctness, artistic finish and pro- 
portion, esthetic effectiveness, and an emo- 
tional content or meaning. 
In Candia slue Creta was musyke flrste founde, and also 
tourneys and exercyse of armes on horsbacke. 
Sir It. Ouytfordc, Pylgrymage, p. IS. 
Mvric has been developed according to certain rules 
which depended on unknown laws of nature since dis- 
covered ;. . . it cannot be separated from these laws, and 
. . . within them there is a field large enough for all the 
efforts of human fancy. Blaterna, Sound, p. 187. 
Degrees to music are not conferred by the University of 
London. Grace's Diet. Music, I. 452. 
3. A composition made up of tones artistically 
and scientifically disposed, or such compositions 
collectively: as, a piece of music. Music Is clas- 
sified and named with respect to Its origin or general 
style as barbarous, popular, national, artistic, sacred, sec- 
ular, etc. ; with respect to its technical form as melodic, 
harmonic, polyphonic or contrapuntal, hoiuophonic, Gre- 
gorian, classical, romantic, strict, free, lyric, epic, dra- 
matic, pastoral, mensurable, figured, etc. ; with respect to 
Its method of performance as vocal, instrumental, solo, 
choral, orchestral, concerted, etc. ; and with respect to its 
application as ecclesiastical or church, theatrical, operatic, 
military, or as concert-, chamber-, dance-music, etc. 
HIslRosslnl's] use of the crescendo and the "cabaletta," 
though sometimes carried to excess, gave a brilliancy to 
his music which added greatly to the excellence of its ef- 
feet. Encyc. Brit., XX. 861. 
4. A musical composition as rendered by in- 
struments or by the voice. 
Some to Church repair, 
Not for the doctrine, but the music there. 
Pope, Essay on Criticism, 1. S44. 
5. The art of producing melody or harmony by 
means of the voice or of instruments. 
Also there shalbe one Teacher of Musicke, and to play 
one the Lute, the Bandora, and Cytterne. 
Book of Precedence (E. E. T. 8., extr ser.), 1. 7. 
6. The written or printed score of a composi- 
tion; also, such scores collectively: as, a book 
of music; music for the piano or the flute. 7. 
A company of performers of music ; a band; an 
orchestra. 
Enter music. 
Page. The music is come, sir. 
Fal. Let them play. Shot., 2 Hen. IV., ii. 4. 245. 
I am one of the music, sir. 
Fletcher, Wife for a Month, ii. 6. 
8. Pleasurable emotion, such as is produced 
by melodious and harmonious sounds; also, 
the source, cause, or occasion of such emotion. 
Such Musicke is wise words, with time concented. 
Spenser, F. Q., IV. ii. 2. 
The graces and the loves which nuke 
The music of the march of life. 
Whittier, Last Walk In Autumn. 
9. Lively speech or action; liveliness; excited 
wrangling; excitement. [Colloq., U. 8.] 10. 
Diversion; sport; also, sense of the ridicu- 
lous. In this sense apparently confused with 
amuse; compare mufticnl, 5. [New Eng.] 
Broken, cathedral, church, congregational music. 
See the qualifying words. Dynamics Of music. See 
