Navicella 
dim. of Hiirix, it ship: see nun'*.] 1. Ill rnnrli., 
a notable genus of fresh-water nerites. or lim- 
])i>t-liku shells of tho family \i nliilw. They re- 
emblc ;ui "|H-n ulatt- blipjHT limpet, having the aperture 
nearly as large as the shell. Tlu-y inhaliit tin- [inliitn archi- 
pelago. 
2. I/, c.] Iii Jewelry-work, a minute hollow 
vessel of the general form of a bowl, a di8h, or 
tin- like, used us u pendant or drop, as to an 
ear-ring. 
navicula (na-vik'u-lii), . ; pi. nnrii-ulir(-\e). [< 
\j. Hiirii-ula, a small vessel, dim. of navin, a ship: 
see nave' 2 .] I. Kcclex., a vessel formed like the 
hull of u boat, used to hold a supply of in- 
cense for the thurible; au incense-boat. 2. 
{cap.'] [NL. (Bory, 1822).] A genus of dia- 
toms, typical of the family Xaviculumr, having 
the oblong or lanceolate frustules free, the 
valves convex, with a median longitudinal line, 
and nodules at the center and extremities, 
8947 
, < Iv. nnriijabilix, < nitrigim; ].n-.sover 
in a whip: see - c/"'<'.J 1. Capable of bc-ing 
navigated; affording passage to ships: as, a 
navigable river. At common law, in England, a river is 
deemed navigable aa far an the tide ebbs unit Hows. In 
id'- r nited States the legal meaning uf naciijabif has been 
much rxt fin Ifil, mill il inrlu<l.> KCI it-rally nil ;it ITS prac- 
tically available (ur floating commerce by any method, as 
by rafts or boata. 
The Loire . . . ia a very goodly nariynble river. 
Coryat, Crudities, I. 46. 
2. Subject to a public right of water-passage 
for persons or property. 
navigableness (nav'i-ea-bl-ncs), n. The prop- 
erty of lii-iiif; navigable; navigability. 
navigably (nav'i-ga-bli), adv. So as to be 
navigable. 
navigantt (nav'i-gaut), . [< OF. naviyant 
= Sp. navegante = It. niiviyante, naricant*, a 
navigator, < L. narigan(t~)s, ppr. of naviyare, 
pass over in a ship: see navigate.] Auavigator. 
Hakluyt's Voyages, I. 213. 
navigate (nav'i-gat), v. ; pret. and pp. navigat- 
ed, ppr. navigating. [< L. navigatus, pp. of navi- 
gare (> It. navigare, navicare = Pg. bp. navegar 
= Pr. navejar, naveyar = OP. navier, also nager, 
F. nager, also naviguer), sail, go by sea, sail 
over, navigate, < navis, a ship, + agere, lead, 
conduct, go, move: see nave* and agent.] I. 
intrans. 1. To move from place to place in a 
ship; sail. 
The Phoenicians navigated to the extremities of the West- 
ern ocean. .irhiitluuit. Am-. Coins. 
2. To direct or manage a ship. 
II. trang. 1. To pass over in ships; sail on. 
Hi nsiis, the Father of the Emperor Claudius, was the 
first who iiarii/ated the Northern ocean. 
ArbuOmot, Anc. Coins, p. 272. 
2. To steer, direct, or manage in sailing ; direct 
the course of, as a vessel, from one place to an- 
other: as, to navigate a snip. (The word is also used 
by extension, in all its senses, of balloons and their use, and 
colloquially of other means and modes of progression. 1 
navigating-lieutenant (uav'i-ga-ting-lu-ten*'- 
ant), w. See master 1 , 1 (6). 
navigation (nav-i-ga shon), n. [= F. 
navy 
ers. 
vey- 
,.Jta*(c*l , U ma. different vt. ; ,. Ata*./. rtrtffr; 3. AV,. navigation (naV-i-ga'shOll), . [= F. nOVilja- 
vicxla funcl*lala ; 4, Navicula tf/urrot/tora; 5. tlavicula Irun- WO = bp. lUlVeiiadoit = Pit. tUirCIHtcSo z= It. 
MW^jyMM.mMMte. i AII maimed.) navigation, navicagione, < L. iu,viyatio(n-), a 
valves striated, and the striw resolvable into 
dots. The genus Is widely distributed, and contains sev- 
eral hundred species, many of which rest on very slight 
characters. 
Naviculaceae (na-vik-u-la'se-e), . pi. [NL., < 
Xavicula + -ficea.] A family of diatoms, typi- 
fied by the genus Navicula. 
navicular (na-vik'u-liir), a. and w. [= F. na- 
viculaire = Sp. Pg.' navicular = It. navicolare, 
< LL. navicularis, relating to ships or shipping, 
< L. navicula, a small ship or boat: see navicu- 
la."] I. a. 1. Relating to small ships or boats ; 
shaped like a boat ; cymbiform. Specifically 
2. In anat., scaphoid: applied to certain bones 
of the hand and foot. See II. 3. In entom., 
oblong or ovate, with a concave disk and raised 
margins, aa the bodies of certain insects. 4. 
In hot., resembling or belonging to the ge- 
nus Xariciila; boat-shaped. Navlcular fossa, the 
scaphoid fossa at the base of the pterygoid bone, giving 
attachment to the tensor palati muscle. 
II. n. Iii aitat. : (n) The scaphoid bone of 
the carpus; the radiale, or bone of the proxi- 
mal row on the radial side of the wrist. See 
cut under haml. (ft) The scaphoid bone of the 
tarsus, a bone of the proximal row, on the in- 
ner or tibial side, in special relation with the 
astragalus and the cuneiform bones. See cut 
under foot, (c) A large transversely extended 
sesamoid bone developed in the tendon of the 
deep flexor, at the hack of the distal phalangeal 
articulation of the foot of the horse, between 
the coronary and the coffin-bone. See cut un- 
der fetter-bone. 
naviculare (na-vik-u-la're), n.; pi. narienluriti 
(-ri-ii). [NL., neut. of LL. navinilnrix. relating 
to ships or shipping : see naricular.] A navicu- 
lar or scaphoid bone : more fully called <w wn'- 
ctilarc. 
naviculoid (ua-vik'u-loid), a. [< L. inirinilii. 
a small ship or boat, + Or. rMof, form.] Boat- 
shaped ; scaphoid ; navicular. 
naviform (na'vi-f&rm), a. [< L. nw, a ship, 
+ firma, form.] Resembling a boat ; uavicu- 
lar: applied to parts of plants. 
navigability (nav*i-ga-biri-H), n. [= F. iniri- 
gabittti; Mnaoigable + -ity : see -MM//.] The 
state or condition of being navigable: naviga- 
bleness. 
navigable (nav'i-pa-bl), n. [= F. mirijinble = 
Sp. iiavcyable = Pg" navegavel = It. narig<ibilr. 
sailing, a passing over in a ship, < nariaare, 
sail: see navigate.] 1. The act of navigating; 
the act of moving on water in ships or other 
vessels; sailing: as, the navigation of the north- 
ern seas; also, by extension, the act of "sail- 
ing" through the air in a balloon (see aerial 
navigation, ^ below). 2. The science or art of 
directing the course of vessels as they sail from 
one part of the world to another. The manage- 
mentof the sails, etc., the holding of the assigned course 
by proper steering, and the working of the ship generally, 
pertain rather to seamanship, though necessary to suc- 
cessful navigation. The two fundamental problems of 
navigation are the determination of the ship's position at 
a given moment, and the decision of the most advanta- 
geous course to be steered in order to reach a given point. 
The methods of solving the first are, in general, four: (1) 
by reference to one or more known and visible landmarks ; 
(2) by ascertaining through soundings the depth and char- 
acter of the bottom; (3) by calculating the direction and 
distance sailed from a previously determined position (see 
dtad-redcnniny, log?, and eompam) ; and (4) by ascertain- 
ing the latitude and longitude by observations of the hea- 
venly bodies. (See latitude and lngitvde.) The places of 
the sun, moon, planets, and fixed stars are deduced from 
observation and calculation, and are published in nauti- 
cal almanacs (see almanac), the use of which, together 
with logarithmic and other tables computed for the pur- 
pose, is necessary in reducing observations taken to de- 
termine latitude, longitude, and the error of the compass. 
3. Ships in general ; shipping. [Poetical.] 
Though the yesty waves 
Confound and swallow navigation up. 
Shale., Macbeth, IT. 1. 53. 
4. An artificial waterway, or a part of a nat- 
ural waterway that has been made navigable ; 
a canal. Also navrg. See navvy 1 . [Eng.] 
"The Kennel Namijation" a very old canal, which 
connects the waters of the East with those of the West 
country. The Academy, July 6, 1889, p. IS. 
Act Of Navigation, an act which was first passed by the 
British Parliament in 1651, under Cromwell s administm- 
Uon, was 1 1 1 n:u ti il in 1660, and remained in force, with va- 
rious modifications ; It was greatly altered in 1828 and at 
other times, and finally repealed In 1849. Its object was 
to encourage the British merchant marine by reserving to 
it the whole of the import trade from Asia, Africa, and 
America, and the chief part of that from Europe. This 
end it accomplished by denying to foreign vessels the 
right to bring to England any goods not produced in their 
respective countries, and also by restrictions in regard to 
fisheries and the coasting-trade. The act was aimed es- 
pecially :it the Hutch, wlio possessed at that time almost 
a monopoly of the carrying-trade of the world. Aerial 
navigation, tin- sailing or floating in the air by means of 
balloons : particularly, the principles, problems, and prac- 
tice involved in the attempt to pass from place to place 
through the air by means of balliMins capable of ln-itiu- 
steered. Arterial navigation. See arterial. Inland 
navigation, the passing of boats or vessels on riv 
lakes, or canals in the interior of a ruiinti} , con 
ance by boats or vessels within a country. Navigation 
laws, the various acts and regulations In any country 
uhirh ilrflni- tin- nationality of its ships, the manner 
In which they shall be registered, the privileges to which 
they have claim, ami tin- ci'inlitiuiih icKiilatini; the en- 
gagementof foreign ships In the trail. <>f tin country In 
question, either as importers and exporters or with rela- 
tion to coastlng-tramc. The first British navigation law 
of Importance was enacted under Richard II. It provided 
that no merchandise should he Imported Into England 
or exported f mm tin- king's realms by any of his subjects 
except in English ships, under penalty of forfeiture of 
vessel and cargo. 
navigational (uav-i-ga'shon-al), a. [< navi- 
yntioH + -<il.] Of or pertaining to navigation; 
used in navigation. 
navigator (nav'i-ga-tor), w. [= F. navigateur 
= Sj>. Pg. navegador = It. navigatore, navica- 
tore, < L. navigator, a sailor: see navigate.] 
1. One who navigates or sails ; especially, one 
who directs the course of a ship, or is skilful in 
the art of navigation. In the merchant marine the 
commanding officer usually navigates the vessel ; In men- 
of-war. of nearly all nationalities, one of the line-officers 
or executive ofllcers (in the I'nited States navy the third 
in rank) Is detailed for that duty. In the I'nited States 
navy the navigator, In addition to his other duties, has 
charge of the log-book, of the steering-gear, of the an- 
chors and chains, and of the stowage of the hold, and has 
also general supervision of the ordnance and ordnance- 
stores. 
2. A laborer on a "navigation" or canal (see 
navigation, 4), or on a railway. Now usually 
abbreviated navvy (see navvy 2 ). [Eng.] 
nawy 1 (nav'i), n. [Abbr. of navigation, 4.] 
Same as navigation, 4. 
In Skiptun in Craven the canal is vulgarly called "the 
narcy." The horse-path or towing-path is always "the 
riarru bank"; a bridge in Mill-hill street Is "the narvy 
brig : and a garden on one of the slopes of the canal was 
always called "the navvy garden." 
A', and Q., 4th ser., VI. 426. 
navvy 2 (nav'i), n. [Abbr. of navigator, 2.] 1 . 
Same as navigator, '2. 2. A common laborer 
engaged in such work as the making of canals 
or railways. [Eng.] 
It has been for years past a well-established fact that the 
English Harry, eating largely of flesh, is far more efficient 
than a Continental nacvy living on a less nutritive food. 
II. Spencer, Education, p. 239. 
3. A power-machine for excavating earth. A 
common form has an excavating scoop, crab, or analogous 
device for scooping up earth or gravel, or grasping stones, 
with a boom and tackle for lifting and operating the 
scoop, etc., and a steam hoisting-engine, all mounted on 
a supporting platform provided with car-wheels so that it 
can be moved on a temporary railway for changing its 
position. Similar machines are also mounted on large 
scow-boats for use along water-fronts. Also called steam- 
excavator. 
navy 1 (na'vi), i.; pi. navies (-viz). [< ME. na- 
vie, navye, nareye, navee, < OF. narie, also navei, 
navey, naroi, navoy, a ship, a fleet, a navy, < LL. 
navia, ships, neut. pi. for L. naves, fern. pi. of 
navis, a ship: see oc 2 .] If. A ship. 
A gret number of nauejir to that hauen longet. 
William of Palerne (E. E. T. S.X L 2719. 
And no man may passe that See be Xavye, ne be no man- 
er of craft, and therfore may no man knowe what Lond 
is l.i /. in. 1 that See. MandeviUe, Travels, p. 273. 
2. A company of ships ; a fleet. 
My gracious sovereign, on the western coast 
Kldeth a puissant navy. Shot., Rich. III., iv. 4. 434. 
3. All the ships belonging to a country, collec- 
tively ; in a wide sense, the ships, their officers 
and crew and equipment, and the department 
of the government charged with their manage- 
ment and control, specifically (a) All the war-ships 
belonging to a nation or a monarch ; the military marine : 
in Great Britain distinguished by the title of Royal Xarti. 
In the United States the control of the navy is vested In 
a cabinet ofilcer called the Secretary of the Navy, the 
head of the Navy Department. (See department.) The 
government of the royal navy is vested in the Board of 
Admiralty, or lords commissioners for discharging the 
office of lord high admiral. The board consists of the 
following members : the first lord, who has supreme au- 
thority, and is a member of the cabinet ; the senior naval 
lord, who directs the movements of the fleets, and is re- 
sponsible for their discipline ; the second naval lord, who 
superintends the manning of the fleet, coast-guard, trans- 
port department, etc. ; the junior naval lord, who deals 
with the victualing of the fleets, medical department, 
etc.; a civil lord, member of Parliament, who is also con- 
nected with the civil branch of the service; a controller 
of the navy: and an expert civilian. I'nder the board is 
a financial secretary, changing, like the flve lords, with 
the government in power. There Is a permanent secre- 
tary, and a number of heads of departments. (6) All the 
ships and vessels employed In commerce and trade : usu- 
ally called the merchant marine or merchant nary. 
4. The men who man a navy or fleet; the 
officers and men of the military marine. 
Than was the none appereiled and entred in to ahippea. 
Jf*n(E.E.T. 8.X ill. 644. 
Navy blue. See blue. 
navy'-'t, . An obsolete form of navvy 2 . 
