necess 
necesst, c. I. (MK. (., < ML. 
inilke necessary, Compel, <L. < <..><, n 
M-I- RMMtory.] Tn iiuiki- iHM-cssary ; coinpi-1. 
Ne foreyno caum the nevere tu <-<in)|*>mir 
werkof noti'ryiujemiitcMv. {'Imueer, lloelhlus, ill. meter V. 
necessart, " [< (J 1''- '*-"/", < L. necessarius, 
iii-<T**;iry: MOMOMMiry.] Necessary. [Scotch.] 
The gryt iuloi.s umxtar. Alter d. Keg. MS. (Jatnieton.) 
necessarian (iies-e-sa'ri-an), . and M. [< L. 
iii'n'xxiii-iiix, inevitable, necessary, + -</.] I. 
. Relating to iircosaiianism; necessitarian. 
II. a. Our who accepts the doctrine of neces- 
SM ri:in i.-in ; a necessitarian. 
The only <|UCKtlon in dispute between the advocates of 
(philosophical liberty and the necessarians Is this: "whether 
volition can take place Independently of motive." 
If. llelshaM, I'hilos. of the Mind, ix. j 1. 
Xrmuarians will say that even this (voluntary eflort for 
a good end) is ultimately the effect of causes extraneous 
tu the man a self. //. Sidyicick, Methods of Ethics, p. 258. 
necessarianism (nes-e-sa'ri-an-izm). n. [< 
necessarian + -ism.'} The doctrine that the 
action of the will is a necessary effect of ante- 
cedent causes ; the theory that the will is sub- 
ject to the general mechanical law of cause and 
effect. Also necessitarianism, and rarely neces- 
Let us suppose, further, that we do not know more of 
cause and elf eet than a certain definite order of succession 
among facts, and that we have a knowledge of the neces- 
sity of that succession and hence of necessary laws and 
1. for my part, do not see what escape there is from utter 
materialism and necessarianunn. Huxley. 
necessarily (nes'e-sa-ri-li), adv. In a neces- 
sary manner; by necessity; so that it cannot 
be otherwise ; inevitably. 
The Author has shown us that design in all the Works 
of Nature which necessarily leads us to the Knowledge of 
1U First Cause. Addition, Spectator, No. 339. 
Powerful temperaments are necessarily intense. 
Froude, Sketches, p. 183. 
necessariness (nes'e-sa-ri-nes), n. The state of 
being necessary. Johnson. 
necessary (nes'e-sa-ri), n.'and . [Formerly 
also uecessar; < ME. nceessaryc, necessarie, < 
OF. necessaire, F. uecessaire = Pr. necessari = 
8p. neccsario Pg. It. neccssario, < L. ncces<i- 
rius, unavoidable, inevitable, indispensable, 
requisite (as a noun, necessarius, m., necessaria, 
f ., a relative, kinsman, friend, client ; necessaria, 
neut. pi., necessaries of life; ML. ntOUSarium, 
neut., necessaria, f ., a privy), < nccesse, adj., un- 
avoidable, inevitable, indispensable, neut. adj. 
with esse and liaberc, prop, adv., also in OL. 
neccssiim, prob. orig. ne cessmn or HOH cessum, 
< ne, non, not, + ccsnus, pp. of ccdcrc, yield: 
see cede.] I. a. 1. Such as must be; that can- 
not be Otherwise, (a) As an inference, evidently of 
such a form that every like Inference from true premises 
will always yield a true conclusion, in every state of facts. 
In philosophy it is requisite to distinguish an tmnMMs 
inference, the force of which may be blindly felt, from a 
necessary one, which is seen to belong to a possible class 
of inferences, all true. (M As a proposition or fact, true 
or taking place not merely in the actual state of things, but 
in every possible state of tilings (within some meaning of 
the word possible). A necessary proposition should not be 
confounded with an absolutely certain one, far less with 
one we are irresistibly compelled to believe, (c) Asa thing 
or being, existing in every possible state of things ; having 
existence Involved in its essence. Thus, God is said by 
Anselm, Descartes, and others to be a necessary being. 
Death, a necessary end, 
Will come when it will come. 
Shak., J. C., IL 2. 36. 
In asserting that the human mind possesses In its own 
ideas an element of necessary and universal truth, not 
derived from experience, Kant had been anticipated by 
Price, by Cudworth, aud even by Plato. 
WheweU, Philos. of Discovery. 
Given such a cause that Is, accept the idea of (iod 
and worship follows as a rational, nay, a necessary conse- 
quence. Mivart, Nature and Thought, p. 230. 
The only way that any thing that is to come to pass here- 
after is or can be necessary is by a connection with some- 
thing that is necessary in its own nature, or something that 
already is or has been : so that, the one being supposed, 
the other certainly follows. Edwards, On the Will, 1. 3. 
2. Such that it cannot be disregarded or omit- 
ted; indispensable; requisite; essential; need- 
ful; required: as, air is necessary to support 
animal life; food is necessary to nourish the 
body. 
Aduertisementes and cunnsaillesverle necessanje for all 
noble men and counsaillors. 
Booke o/ Precedence (E. E. T. S., extra ser.X i 74. 
A nimble hand is necessary for a cut-purse. 
Shak., W. T., iv. 3. 686. 
A country replenished with all manner of commodities 
necessary for mans life. Coryat, Crudities, I. 108. 
Neither !;ui-* any man complain of injustice, . . . tho 
his cause be never so just : and tlit'rt.-fniv putirmv is in this 
Country as necessary for poor people as in tiny part of the 
World. Dampier, Voyages, II. I. 7S. 
The enemies of the court might think It fair, or even ab- 
solutely necessary, to eiii'ountrr bribery with bribery. 
Mdcaulaif, Hallam'8 Const. Hist. 
3. In late: (a) Uequisite for reasonable coii- 
vi nicncc and facility or completeness in ac- 
OOmpUthiagtlie purpose intended: as, the land 
necessary for building a railroad. (6) Natu- 
rally and inseparably connected in the ordi- 
nary course: as, necessary consequences. Thus, 
the necessary consequences of a trespass, such as depre- 
ciation In value of a thing injured, or the suffering of a 
person injured, are general damages, and need not be 
pleaded ; but loss of profits or medical expenses are not 
necessary consequences In the legal sense, and must be 
specially alleged. 
4. Acting from compulsion or the absolute de- 
termination of causes: opposed to free. See 
free. 
Agents that have no thought, no volition at all, are In 
every thing necessary agents. 
Locke, Human Understanding, II. xxi. 13. 
Necessary being, one whose non-existence is impossible ; 
God. Necessary cause. Seecauw,!. Necessary con- 
dition, ens, Inference, mark, i-t. See the nouns. Ne- 
cessary proposition, a proposition which asserts a fact 
to be necessary ; also, one which we cannot help believing. 
- Necessary rules of thought, those without which no 
use of the understanding would be possible. Necessary 
sign, one which affords a certain indication of the thing 
represented. Necessary to an end, preceding or accom- 
panying the end in every possible state of things ; requi site 
as a means to the end. = 8yn. 2. Xecessary, Essential, Keifui- 
site, Needful. The following remarks refer to the applica- 
tion of the words to ordinary practical affairs, not to philos- 
ophy. Xeeessary Is so general a word that it covers all the 
others, and has the additional sense, which they do not 
have, of inevitable. Essential is an absolute word, noting 
that which Is a part of the chief end of the action, or of every 
mode of bringing that end about. Requisite Is less strong 
than essential, aud needful is less strong still ; yet each is 
strong and emphatic, applying to that which Is imperatively 
needed. Xeed/ul generally applies to concrete, and often 
to temporary, things : as, knowledge of the countries vis- 
ited is requisite, and even essential, to enjoyment of travel, 
hut money is needful in order to be able to travel at all. 
Needful is often applied to that which must be supplied to 
produce or effect a perfect state or action. 
!!."; pi. necessaries (-riz). 1 . Anything that 
is necessary or indispensable ; that which can- 
not be disregarded or omitted: as, the neces- 
saries of life. 
And the! alle ban alle necessaries, and alle that hem 
nedethe, of the Emperoures Court. 
Matidemlle, Travels, p. 289. 
Fear of poverty makes Iras allow himself only plain ne- 
cessaries. Steele, Spectator, No. 114. 
2. A privy; a water-closet Necessaries of a ship, 
articles which should form part of the ordinary and rea- 
sonable mi til for the business in which the vessel is en- 
necessity 
necessitation (in--sp-s-i-ia'sli<pn), H. [< necessi- 
tate + -tow.] Trie act of necessitating ormak- 
s:u-y; compulsion. Hobbes, Liberty and Neces- 
necessitet (ne-ses'it), . t. [< OF. necessiter, 
necessitate: see necessitate.] To necessitate; 
Who. were he now neceailed to beg, 
Would ask an alms like Conde Ollvares. 
B. Jonton, New Inn, Iv. 3. 
necessitied(ne-ses'i-tid),a. [(necessity +-><!-. ] 
In a state of want ; necessitous ; controlled by 
A uie her. If her fortunes ever stood 
Kecestitied to help, that by this token 
I would relieve her. Shak., All's Well, T. 3. 85. 
necessitous (ne-ses'i-tus), a. [< F. ueccssitcuxzz 
Pg. It. necesnitoHO ; as necessity + -ous."\ Pressed 
by poverty ; unable to procure what is necessary 
for one's station ; needy. Applied (a) To persons. 
That we may sutler together with our calamitous and 
necessitous brethren. Jer. Taylor, Works (ed. 18S5X L 100. 
They who were envied found no satisfaction In what 
they were envied for, being poor and necessitous. 
Clarendon, Great Rebellion. 
We gentlemen of small fortunes arc extremely ntceai- 
tma in this particular. Steele, latter, No. 208. 
(6) To circumstances. 
Re was not In necemtmu circumstances, his salary being 
a liberal one. F. B. Winslim, Obscure Mental Diseases. 
= Syn. Needy, Secettitout(Ke needy); penniless, destitute, 
pinched, poor. 
necessitously (ne-ses'i-tus-li), adv. In a neces- 
sitous manner: as, to be necessitously circum- 
stanced. 
necessitousness (ue-ses'i-tus-nes), n. The 
state of being necessitous ; the want of what is 
necessary for one's station ; need. 
Where there is want and necessitoutness, there will be 
quarrelling. 7 . Burnet, Theory of the Earth. 
necessitudet(ne-ses'i-tud), n. [<'L.necessitudo, 
iuevitableness, need, distress, also intimate re- 
lationship or friendship, < necesse, inevitable, 
necessary: see necessary, necessity. ] A sacred 
obligation of family or friendship ; a tie or bond 
of relationship or intimacy. 
Between kings and their people, parents and their chil- 
dren, there is so great a necesfitude, propriety, and inter- 
course of nature. Jer. Taylor. 
The mutual necessitudet of human nature necessarily 
maintain mutual offices, and correspondence between 
them. Sir M. Hale, Orig. of Mankind. 
necessity (ne-ses'i-ti), .; pi. neckties (-tiz). 
sary, -t- -ism.] Same as nefcxfMtrimiisni. Con- 
temporary Sei'. [Rare.] 
necessitarian (ne-ses-i-ta'ri-n), a. and n. [< 
to 
to 
necessitc, necessitee, nessesite, < OF. necessite, F. 
uecessitc = Sp. neccsidad = Pg. neeessitade = It. 
necfssita, < L. necenxita(t-)s, unavoidableness, 
II. n. One who maintains the doctrine of 
philosophical necessity, in opposition to that of 
the freedom of the will: opposed to libertarian. 
The Arminian has entangled the Calvinist, the Calvlnist 
has entangled the Arminian, in a labyrinth of contradic- 
tions. The advocate of free-will appeals to conscience and 
instinct to an a priori sense of what ought in equity to be. 
The necessitarian falls back upon the experienced reality 
of facts. Froude, Calvinism. 
necessitarianism (ne-ses-i-ta'ri-au-izm), H. [< 
itwxxilarian + -ism.] S&me&snecessarianism. 
necessitate (ne-ses'i-tat), r. t.; pret. and pp. ne- 
rrxxi'M/iY/. ppr. m-iTxxitiitiHij. ^ ifL. necessitating, 
pp. of necessitare (> It. necessitare = Sp. necesi- 
tnr = Pg. necessitar = F. necessiter), make neces- 
sary, < L. necessita(t-)s, necessity: see necessity, 
and cf. necessite and necess, r. For the form, 
of . felicitate.] 1. To make necessary or indis- 
pensable; render unavoidable; cause to be a 
necessary consequence. 
The politician never thought that he might fall danger 
onsly sick, and that sickness necessitate his removal from 
the court. South. 
Right, as we can think it, necessitates the thought of 
not right, or wrong, for its correlative. 
H. Spencer, Data of Ethics, S W. 
2. To force irresistibly; compel; oblige; im- 
pel by necessity. 
No man Is necessitated to more II, yet no mans ill is lesse 
excus'd. Bp. Karle, Mlcro-cosmographle, A Poore Man. 
3t- To reduce to a state of need ; threaten or 
oppress by necessity or need, or the prospect 
of need. 
It was a position of the Stoics that he was not poor who 
wanted, but he who was necessitated. 
Jer. Taylor, Works (ed. 1835), I. 37. 
We were now greatly necessitated for food, and wanted 
some fresh orders from the King's mouth for our future 
subsistence. R. Knot (Arbcr's Kng. earner, I. 380). 
= Syu. 2. To constrain, drive. 
condition or quality of being necessary or need- 
ful ; the mode of being or of truth of that which 
is necessary; the impossibility of the contrary; 
the absolute character of a determination or 
limitation which is not merely without excep- 
tion, but which would be so in any possible 
state of things ; absolute constraint. 
But who can tunic the stream of destinee, 
Or breake the chayne of strong necessitet, 
Which fast is tyde to Joves eternal! seat? 
Spenser, F. Q., L v. 25. 
He must die, as others ; 
And I must lose him : 'tis necessity. 
Fletcher, Valentlnlan, III. 3. 
That strength joyn'd with religion, abus'd and pretended 
to ambitious ends, must of necessity breed the heaviest and 
most quelling tyranny. Milton, Church-Government, ii. S. 
2. As applied to the human will, the opposite 
of liberty, (a) Compulsion, physical or, more generally, 
moral: a stress upon the mind causing a person to do 
something unwillingly or with extreme reluctance: as, 
to make a virtue of necessity. 
Tbenne of necrtsite 
They them withdrewe, and towarde the Citee 
They toke the way. Qenerydei (E. E. T. &\ L J862. 
Then take his Head ; Yet never say that I 
Issu'd this Warrant, but Necessity. 
J. Beaumont, Psyche, ill. 194. 
Necessity . . . was the argument of tyrants, it was the 
creed of slaves. Pitt, On the India Bill, Nov. 18, 1783. 
And the great powers we serve themselves may be 
Slaves of a tyrannous Xecestity. II. Arnold, Mycerluus. 
(6) In philvi., the Inevitable determination of the human 
will by a motive or other cause. This is only a special use 
of the word In the free-will dispute. In philosophy gen- 
erally, by the necessity of a cognition is properly meant a 
cognized necessity, or universality In reference to possible 
states of things: although some writers use the word to 
denote a constraint upon the power of thought. 
Will and reason (reason also is choice). 
Useless and vain, of freedom both despoil'd, 
Made passive both, had served necessity, 
Jftfem, P. L., Hi. 110. 
