neurohypnology 
speak: see -ology.] 1. Knowledge or investi- 
gation of hypnotism. 2. The means or process 
employed for inducing the hypnotic state. See 
hypnotism. 
Also MHrwpNoIooy. 
neurohypnotism (nu-ro-hip'no-tizm), n. [< Gr. 
vevpov, nerve, + E. hypnotism.'] Same as hijjmo- 
tism. 
neuroid (nu'roid), a. and n. [< Gr. vevpoeiA/K, 
vevpadqs , like a sinew, sinewy, < vtupov, sinew, 
nerve, + eloof, form.] 1. a. Resembling a nerve, 
or the substance of the nerves. 
II. . One of the pair of distinct neural ele- 
ments which compose the neural arch of a ver- 
tebra; a neurapophysis : correlated with pica- 
raid. G. Baur, Amer. Nat., XXI. 945. 
Jieurokeratin (nu-ro-ker'a-tin), n. [< Gr. vevpov, 
nerve, + Kepaf (xepar-), horn, + -i 2 .] A sub- 
stance allied to ceratin. It forms the sheath of 
Schwann and the inner sheath about the axis-cylinder, as 
well as the connecting-hands traversing the myelin be- 
tween these, hut is found in largest quantity in the white 
substance of the brain. 
neurological (nu-ro-loj'i-kal), a. [< neurolog-y 
+ -ic-al.] Of or pertaining to neurology. 
neurologist (nu-rol'o-jist), n. [< neurolog-y + 
-ist.] One who is versed in neurology. 
neurology (nu-rol'o-ji), . [< NL. neurologia 
(NGr. vevpoTioyia), < Gr. vevpov, nerve, + -foyia, 
< Aeyetv, speak: see -ology.] Scientific know- 
ledge or investigation of the form and func- 
tions of the nervous system in sickness anil in 
health. 
neuroma (nu-ro'ma), n. ; pi. neuromata (-ma-ta). 
[NL., < Gr. veiipoK/nerve, + -oma.] 1. A tumor 
formed of nervous tissue. 2. A fibroma de- 
veloped on a nerve. 
neuromalacia (nu"ro-ma-la'si-a), n. [NL., < 
Gr. vevpov, nerve, + fta'^MKia, softness.] Soft- 
ening of nerves or nervous tissue. 
neuromast (nu'ro-mast), n. [< Gr. vevpov, nerve, 
+ fiaa-of, a hillock.] In zoo/., a neuro-epithe- 
lial sense-organ, or modified epidermal tract, 
specialized as a sensitive surface or area. It 
may be free on the general surface of the integument, or 
more or less covered in a special sac or inversion of the 
epidermis, or even entirely withdrawn from the epidermis 
into canals of the corium, hence called neuromantic canals. 
These canals may be strengthened by bones or scales de- 
veloped about the site of the neuro-epithelial tract. Neu- 
romasts are found in all fishes and aquatic amphibians, 
but not in the higher air-breathing vertebrates. Also 
called nerve-hillock. 
neuromastic (nu-ro-mas'tik), a. [< neuromast 
+ -ic.~\ Pertaining to or connected with neuro- 
masts: as, neuromastic canals, into which these 
structures may be withdrawn ; iieuromastic 
bones or scales, developed in connection with 
neuromasts. 
neuromata, n. Plural of neuroma. 
neuromatOUS (nu-rom'a-tus), a. [< neuroma(t-) 
+ -ous.] Pertaining to or of the nature of a 
neuroma. 
neuromere (nu'ro-mer), n. [< Gr. vevpov, nerve 
(with ref. to neuron}, + pepof, a part.] A seg- 
ment or division of the neuron. 
neuromerous (nu-rom'e-rus), a. [< neuromere 
+ -CMS.] Segmented, as the neuron of a ver- 
tebrate ; having or consisting of nervous meta- 
meres. 
neuromimesis (nu'ro-mi-me'sis), )(. [< Gr. 
vevpov, nerve, -r /lifa/ais, imitation: see mime- 
sis.'} Imitation in neurotic patients of organic 
disease; nervous mimicry. 
neuromimetic (nu"ro-mi-met'ik), n. [< neuro- 
mimesis, after mimetic.] Pertaining to or ex- 
hibiting neuromimesis. 
neuromuscular (nu-ro-nms'ku-lar), a. [< Gr. 
vevpov, nerve, + L. mtisculus, muscle : see mus- 
cular.] Pertaining to nerve and to muscle ; es- 
pecially, resembling or partaking of the nature 
both of nervous and of muscular tissue ; having 
a character intermediate between that of mus- 
cle and that of nerve ; representing or physio- 
logically acting both as a nerve and as a mus- 
cle: as, the neuromuscular cells of the fresh- 
water polyp (Hydra). In these cells, which exhibit 
the beginnings both of a nervous and of a muscular system. 
the indifference of such systems is seen ; for every single 
cell is in part nervous, responding to stimuli, and in part 
muscular, or executive of movements which result from 
the stimulation of the other part. The motile filaments 
into which these neuromuscular cells are drawn out are 
called fibers of Kleinenberg. The whole complex of the 
nervous and muscular systems of any animal is to be re- 
garded as based upon and derived from this primitive, 
simple, and direct continuity of parts of a single neuro- 
muscular form-element, one part functioning as a nerve 
and the other as a muscle. Also nervimuscular. 
neuromyological (nu-ro-mi-o-loj'i-kal), a. [< 
neuromyolog-i/ + -ic-ul.] Of or pertaining to 
neuromyology. 
3978 
neuromyology (nu'ro-mi-oro-ji), n. [< Gr. 
vevpov, nerve, + /ivf, muscle, + -Aoy/a, < Uyeiv, 
speak : see -ology. Cf . myology.] A system of 
classifying and naming muscles with reference 
to the nerves; my ology based upon neurology. 
Neurology is the key to myology ; and a neuro-myology 
is practicable. 
Cones and Shute, N. Y. lied. Record, XXXII. 93. 
neuron (uu'ron), n. ; pi. neura (-ra). [NL., < 
Gr. vevpov, nerve: see nerve.] 1. The cerebro- 
spinal axis in its entirety: the whole of the 
encephalon and myelon, or brain and spinal 
cord, considered as one. 2. In entom., a nerv- 
ure of an insect's wing ; a vein or costa. 
neuronosos (nu-ron'o-sos), n. [NL.,< Gr. vevpov, 
nerve, + v6aof, disease.] Any disease of the 
nervous system. Also neuronosus. 
neuropath (nu'ro-path), n. [< neuropatti-y.] 
1. In pathol., one who assigns to the nervous 
system an excessive if not exclusive responsi- 
bility for disease. 2. A person of a nervous 
organization liable to or exhibiting nervous dis- 
ease. 
neuropathic (nu-ro-path'ik), a. [< neuropath-y 
+ -if.] Of or pertaining to neuropathy, 
neuropathical (nu-ro-path'i-kal), a. [< neuro- 
pathic + -al.] Same as neuropathic. 
neuropathically (nu-ro-path'i-kal-i), adv. In 
a neuropathic manner. 
neuropathologlcal (uu-ro-path-o-loj'i-kal), a. 
[< neuropatholog-y + -ic-al.~] Pertaining to a 
diseased condition of the nervous system or 
some part of it. 
neuropathologist (nu"ro-pa-thol'o-jist), ,n. [X 
neuropatholog-y + -ist.] ' One who is skilled in 
neuropathology. 
neuropathology (nu"ro-pa-thoro-ji), n. [< Gr. 
vevpov, nerve, + trdBof, suffering, + -Aoyia, < Ae- 
yetv, speak: see -ology. Cf. pathology.] The 
sum of human knowledge concerning the dis- 
eases of the nervous system. 
neuropathy (nu-rop'a-thi), n. [< Gr. vevpov, 
nerve, + -iraSeta, < vadog, suffering.] \npafhol., 
a general term for disease of the nervous sys- 
tem. 
neurophysiolpgical (nu-ro-fiz"i-o-loj'i-kal), a. 
[< neitrophysioloy-y + -ic-al.] Pertaining to 
neurophysiology. 
neurophysiology (nu-ro-fiz-i-ol'o-ji), n. [< Gr. 
vevpov, nerve, + <f>vaiofa>yia, physiology. ] Physi- 
ology of the nervous system. 
neuropodial (uu-ro-po'di-al), a. [< neuropo- 
dium + -al.] Pertaining to neuropodia: as, a 
neuropodial cirrus or filament. See cuts under 
Polynoe,pr(estomium, and pyyidium. 
neuropoaium(nu-ro-p6'di-um),n.; pi. neuropo- 
dia (-a). [NL., < Gr. vevpov, nerve, + rcoiit; (TTO<!-) 
= E. foot.] One of the series of ventral or in- 
ferior foot-stumps of a worm ; one of the lower 
parapodia of an annelid ; a ventral oar : opposed 
to notopodium. Seeparapodium. 
neuropore (nu'ro-por), n. [< Gr. vevpov, nerve, 
+ 7r<ipof, pore.] An orifice of communication 
between the neural canal and the exterior in 
the embryos of some animals. An anterior neuro- 
pore, where the brain remained last in connection with 
the epidermis, may correspond to the pineal body. In the 
lancelet it is a permanent opening. A posterior neuro- 
pore may be a neuranal orifice, or on closure of that orifice 
may be diverted into a neurenteric canal. 
neuropsychology (nu-ro-si-kol'o-ji), n. [< Gr. 
vevpov, nerve, + E. psychology.] Neurology in- 
cluding psychology. 
neuropsychopatnic (nu-ro-si-ko-path'ik), a. [< 
Gr. vevpov, nerve, + fyvxhj soul,' + iraffof, suffer- 
ing: seepathic.] Pertaining to disease of the 
nervous system, including those parts of it sub- 
serving psychic functions Neuropsychopathic 
constitution, a permanent condition of irritable weak- 
ness of the nerve-centers, especially the higher or psychi- 
cal ones, exhibiting itself in irregular sleep, exaggerated 
febrile reactions, liability to delirium and convulsions, 
headache, susceptibility to alcohol, diminished or exag- 
gerated sexual instinct, self-consciousness, fickleness in 
emotions, lack of determination, insane temperament or 
diathesis. 
neuropter (nu-rop'ter),. [NL.] Aneuropter- 
ous insect; a member of the order Neuroptera. 
Neuroptera (nu-rop'te-ra), n. pi. [NL., neut. 
pi. of "neuropterm, < Gr. vevpov, nerve, + irrepfo, 
a wing.] An order of the class Insecta, founded 
by Linnreus in 1748. It was originally composed of 
the genera Libelhda, Ephemera, Phniyama, Uemeroln- 
us. Myrmelean, Panorpa, and Raphidia (Rhaphidia). the 
winged termites being included in Hemerobius. The group 
thus constituted has suif ered many changes, and entomolo- 
gists are still far from agreed upon its proper definition. 
1'abriciiis founded a distiuctorderOd<ma<afortheLinnean 
Likelhila: or dragon-flies. Kirby separated the Linnean 
Phrygatiece or caddis-flies under the ordinal name Tri- 
ch'tptcra. Erichson founded the order Pseudonfuroptera 
for those Linnean neuropters whose metamorphosis is in- 
neuroskeleton 
complete and whose pupae are active. These eliminations 
left the Xeuroiitem to consist of the families SMidcB, 
Hemen>lriitlt?,Miuiti<tpidai,Myrmtleonida!,!in(lPa,Horinila!. 
By some authors the Phryganeidce (the Trieltoptera of Kir- 
by) are still assigned to A'e.umplera, though M'ljichlan, 
lirauer, and others exclude them. The last-named authori- 
ty has the largest following in restricting the order Neu- 
roptem to the four families SiaKdce, Hemerobiidce, Man- 
tispidce, and Mynneleatiida:, forming a separate order Pa- 
uorpaUe for the family 1'anorjrida!, and leaving the Tri- 
choptera out as a separate order. In this restricted sense 
the technical characters of the Neuroptera are wings four 
in number and reticulate ; labial palpi three-jointed, the 
joints free ; mandibles free : jnipfe distinctly mandibulate ; 
and larvre as in Myrmelcon. These insects are all carnivo- 
rous in the larval state, and are either aquatic or terres- 
trial, the aquatic forms pupating terrestrially. See cuts 
under Cftrysopa, Mantis, and nervure. 
neuropteral (mi-rop'te-ral), a. [As neuropter- 
ous + -al.] Same as neuropterous. 
neuropteran (nu-rop'te-ran), n. [A.s neuropter- 
ous + -an.] A neuropter. 
Neuropteris (nu-rop'te-ris), n. [NL., < Gr. vev- 
pov, nerve, + irreptc, fern.] A genus of fossil 
ferns, established by Brongniart in 1828, very 
widely distributed, especially characteristic of 
the coal-measures (of Carboniferous age) in 
different parts of the world, and not passing 
above the Permian. The fronds are simple, bipin- 
nat or tripinnate, the pinnules rounded, heart-shaped, or 
auriculated at the base, the median nerve sometimes al- 
most entirely wanting, and generally disappearing alto- 
gether before the point of the pinnule is reached the 
nervation diverging from the base or from the middle 
nerve, fan-like and curving backward. In several species 
the mam stem bears rounded or kidney-shaped leaflets, 
which were formerly referred to a distinct genus (Cyclop- 
terti). The fructification of Neuropteris has not yet been 
clearly made out. The genera Keuropteris, Lesleya, Dic- 
tyoptms, and Odontopteris are referred by Lesquereux to 
the section of Neuropterids. 
neuropterology (nu-rop-te-rol'o-ji), n. [< NL. 
Neuroptera + Gr. -?,oyia, < /.e-yciv, speak: see 
-ology.] That branch of entomology which 
treats of neuropterous insects. 
neuropteron (nu-rop'te-roii), ?i. [NL.: see 
neuropter.] An insect of the order Neuroptera; 
a neuropter. 
neuropterous (nu-rop'te-rus), a. [< NL. *neu- 
ropterus, < Gr. vevpov, nerve, + Trrepov, wing.] 
Having conspicuous neuration of the wings ; 
netted-winged ; specifically, pertaining to the 
Neuroptera, or having their characters. Also 
neuropteral. See cut under nervure. 
neuropurpuric (nu"ro-per-pu'rik), a. [< Gr. 
vevpov, nerve, + NL. purpura + -ic.] Pertain- 
ing to the nervous system and to purpura. 
Neuropurpuric fever, epidemic cerebrospinal menin- 
gitis. 
neuroretinitis (nu-ro-ret-i-nl'tis), n. [NL., < 
Gr. vevpov, nerve, + NL. retina, q. v., + -itis.] 
Inflammation of the retina and the optic nerve. 
neurorthopter (nu-ror-thop'ter), n. A member 
of the order Neurorthoptera. 
Neurorthoptera (nu-ror-thop'te-ra), n. pi. 
[NL., < Gr. vevpov, nerve, + NL. Orthoptera.] 
An order of fossil insects of the coal period, 
founded by C. Brongniart for the reception of 
numerous forms which resemble the modern 
leaf -insects or Pltasmida;. 
neurorthopterous (nu-ror-thop'te-rus), a. Of 
or pertaining to the Neurorthoptera. 
neurosal (nu-ro'sal), o. [< neurosis + -al.] Of 
the nature of or pertaining to a neurosis ; origi- 
nating in the nervous system : as, neurosal dis- 
orders ; the neurosal theory of gout. 
Neurosal and reflex disorders of the heart. 
Alien, and Neurol., X. v., Index. 
neurose (nu'ros), a. [< Gr. vevpov, nerve, + 
-ose. Cf. nervose, nervous.] 1. Inbot., same as 
nerved. 2. In entom., having many nervures 
or veins : applied specifically to an insect's wing 
when it has discal as well as marginal uervures. 
See cut under nerrure. 
neurosis (nu-ro'sis), w. ; pi. neuroses (-sez). 
[NL., < Gr. vevpov, nerve, + -osis.] A nervous 
disease without recognizable anatomical lesion, 
as epilepsy, hysteria, neuralgia, etc. 
neuroskeletal (iiu-ro-skere-tal), a. [< neu- 
roskeleton + -al.] Oi or pertaining to the neu- 
roskeleton; endoskeletal; skeletal, with special 
reference to the nervous system. 
neuroskeleton (nu-ro-skel'e-ton), n. [< Gr. 
vevpov, nerve, + aaeAerov, a dry body (skeleton ) : 
see skeleton.] The endoskeleton of a verte- 
brate; the skeleton proper, or, as ordinarily 
understood, that which consists of the interior 
bony framework of the body, and is developed 
in special relation with and upon the pattern of 
the nervous system, serving to inclose and sup- 
port the cerebrospinal axis and main nervous 
trunks: a term introduced by Carus in 1828. 
The term is correlated with rtermoikcletmi, sdrrmkeletm, 
and gtfancAtuwfrefeton. All the bones of ''the skeleton" 
